EMRS Hostel Warden key terms

Eleven constitutional obligations listed in Article 51A, added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, asking citizens to respect the Constitution, protect the environment, and safeguard public property.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Constitution, Articles 36 to 51, that direct governments to promote welfare, education, and social justice though they are not enforceable in courts.

The opening statement of the Constitution declaring India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and listing justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity as its objectives.

Judicial principle from the Kesavananda Bharati case of 1973 holding that Parliament cannot amend features fundamental to the Constitution, such as secularism and judicial review.

Six categories of rights in Part III, Articles 12 to 35, including equality, freedom of speech, life and personal liberty, and constitutional remedies enforceable through writ petitions.

A deductive argument form in which two premises sharing a common term lead to a conclusion; candidates test validity using Venn diagrams rather than real-world truth.

A reasoning question that presents family relationships through statements or symbols and asks the solver to identify how two named persons are related.

A puzzle requiring placement of persons around a circle or in a row under given positional clues such as facing direction, immediate neighbours, and fixed distances between seats.

A reasoning item where words or numbers are converted by a rule, such as letter shifts or symbol substitution, and the candidate must apply the same rule to a new word.

A question asking for the missing or next element in a sequence of letters, numbers, or figures, solved by identifying the constant difference, ratio, or alternating pattern.

A technique that first finds the value of one unit by division and then multiplies to obtain the value of the required number of units, used in work and rate problems.

An arithmetic topic where the rate of work is expressed as work per day, and combined rates are added as fractions to find the time taken by two or more workers together.

A variation of time and work in which inlet pipes fill a tank and outlet pipes empty it; filling rates are positive, draining rates negative, and the net rate gives total time.

A comparison of two quantities of the same kind expressed as a fraction, and an equation stating that two such fractions are equal, used in mixture and partnership problems.

The sum of a set of quantities divided by their count; in aptitude tests it is often manipulated by the deviation method or by adding and removing items from a group.

A fraction expressed with denominator 100, used to compare quantities and to solve increase, decrease, discount, profit and loss, and simple interest problems.

Interest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula principal times rate times time divided by one hundred.

The grammatical contrast between a subject performing an action and a subject receiving it; transformation questions require correct tense and auxiliary verb changes.

Conversion of quoted speech into reported speech, requiring changes in pronouns, tense backshift, and time and place words according to reporting verb rules.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, with special cases for collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, and phrases joined by either-or.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be derived from its individual words, such as 'to burn the midnight oil' meaning to study late into the night.

A vocabulary item requiring a single word for a descriptive phrase, for example 'philanthropist' for a person who gives generously to good causes.

दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं; जैसे विद्या और आलय मिलकर विद्यालय बनते हैं। प्रश्नों में संधि-विच्छेद और संधि का नाम पूछा जाता है।

दो या अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद को समास कहते हैं; जैसे राजपुत्र अर्थात राजा का पुत्र। परीक्षा में समास का भेद और विग्रह पूछा जाता है।

शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़कर अर्थ बदलने वाला शब्दांश उपसर्ग है और अंत में जुड़ने वाला शब्दांश प्रत्यय; जैसे प्र और हार से प्रहार बनता है।

Vygotsky's concept describing the gap between what a learner can do alone and what the learner can do with guidance from a more capable peer or adult.

Temporary support given by a teacher or older peer that is gradually withdrawn as the learner gains competence, closely tied to Vygotsky's zone of proximal development.

A learning theory holding that learners actively build knowledge by connecting new information to prior experience rather than passively receiving transmitted facts.

The developmental stage roughly from eleven to nineteen years marked by puberty, identity formation, peer orientation, and increased emotional intensity and risk-taking behaviour.

The fifth psychosocial stage in which the adolescent must form a coherent sense of self; failure results in role confusion, and the school hostel becomes a key arena for this task.

A counselling skill in which the listener reflects back content and feeling, asks open questions, and avoids judgement so the speaker feels understood and safe.

The ethical duty of a counsellor or warden not to disclose a student's personal information except when there is risk of serious harm or a legal requirement.

The legal obligation of school staff to report suspected child abuse, neglect, or exploitation to authorities such as the Childline helpline or the Child Welfare Committee.

A statutory body under the Juvenile Justice Act, constituted in each district, empowered to deal with children in need of care and protection and to order rehabilitation.

The 2009 law guaranteeing free and compulsory education to children aged six to fourteen, banning corporal punishment and screening, and fixing pupil-teacher ratios.

A national programme providing a cooked hot meal to school children to improve nutrition and attendance; in residential schools it is replaced by the hostel mess.

A diet supplying carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and fibre in correct proportion, with adequate energy for the age, sex, and activity level of the child.

Regular measurement of height and weight plotted on WHO or IAP growth charts to detect stunting, wasting, or obesity early and trigger nutritional or medical referral.

A mixture of water, salt, and glucose given in small frequent sips to replace fluid lost in diarrhoea; it prevents dehydration and is a first-line home treatment.

Immediate, temporary care given to an injured or suddenly ill person before professional help arrives, including wound cleaning, immobilisation, and airway management.

A rehearsed evacuation exercise that familiarises residents with alarm signals, escape routes, assembly points, and extinguisher use, conducted at least once per term.

A bound record book maintained by the warden noting attendance, visitors, night roll call, leave, and incidents, signed and dated for inspection by higher authorities.

A ledger recording receipt, issue, and balance of hostel supplies such as food grains, bedding, and medicines, verified periodically to prevent pilferage and shortage.

An official personnel record of each employee containing appointment, posting, leave, increments, and conduct entries, maintained by the office and produced for audit.

A scheme of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs establishing residential schools for Scheduled Tribe children in tribal blocks, providing quality education from class six to twelve.

A residential school for tribal children, often run by state governments, combining schooling with boarding facilities so that children from remote hamlets can study without daily travel.

A planning strategy that earmarks a proportionate share of state plan funds for Scheduled Tribe areas and monitors expenditure separately to ensure benefits reach tribal communities.

An approach where children with disabilities and diverse backgrounds learn in the same classroom with necessary accommodations, rather than being segregated into separate institutions.

A written plan for a student with special needs setting specific learning goals, required accommodations, and a timeline, prepared with teachers, parents, and specialists.