ESIC SSO key terms

A reasoning method where two given statements (premises) are combined to decide whether a third statement necessarily follows, using rules of distribution and Venn diagrams.

A technique of drawing overlapping circles to represent sets and their relationships so that the validity of categorical conclusions can be tested visually.

An unstated piece of information the author must have taken for granted for the argument to hold; it is never directly written in the passage.

A statement that follows from the given information with reasonable certainty but is not explicitly written; it is stronger than a suggestion and weaker than a conclusion.

The main point the author asserts and supports with evidence; it is always explicitly stated in the passage and is the strongest of the follow-type answers.

A puzzle type where people or objects are placed in rows or around a circle according to positional clues such as facing direction, immediate neighbours, and left-right relations.

A puzzle type in which family relationships are described through statements or coded symbols, and the candidate must identify how two named persons are related.

A question type where words or letters are converted into a code by a fixed rule, and the candidate must apply or reverse that rule to find a new code.

A format where the question is followed by two or more statements, and the candidate must judge whether the data given is enough to answer, without computing the answer.

Rounding numbers to convenient values so that an arithmetic expression can be evaluated quickly; answers are chosen from options placed close together.

A fraction expressed with denominator 100; it is used to compare quantities, compute profit and loss, discount, simple interest, and data interpretation values.

Ratio compares two quantities of the same kind by division, while proportion states that two ratios are equal, enabling problems on partnership, mixtures, and ages.

The sum of all observations divided by their number; changes in average when items are added, removed, or replaced are common exam question patterns.

Interest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time divided by one hundred.

Interest calculated on the principal plus previously earned interest, so the amount grows each period; the amount equals principal times one plus rate over hundred raised to the number of periods.

Problems relating the distance covered, the speed of travel, and the time taken, including relative speed of trains, boats and streams, and circular track motion.

Reading values from a table, bar chart, pie chart, or line graph and answering questions that require calculation of percentage change, ratio, or average from those values.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, with special cases for collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, and phrases inserted between subject and verb.

A question type where a sentence is divided into parts and the candidate identifies the grammatically incorrect part, usually testing articles, prepositions, agreement, or tense.

The form of a verb that shows the time of an action; consistency of tense within a sentence and correct use of perfect forms are frequently tested.

A passage with words removed and numbered blanks, where the candidate chooses the option that fits each blank grammatically and in meaning.

A passage followed by questions on its main idea, specific details, tone, and implied meaning, requiring careful reading rather than outside knowledge.

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in the given context, as opposed to an antonym which means the opposite.

A word whose meaning is directly opposite to that of another word, tested through contextual vocabulary questions and word-pair matching.

A scheduled urban cooperative bank; questions about its establishment, headquarters, and functions appear in general awareness sections of banking and insurance recruitment exams.

The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities; raising it is a tool to control inflation.

The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India absorbs surplus liquidity from commercial banks; it usually sits below the repo rate in the policy corridor.

Cash Reserve Ratio: the share of a bank's net demand and time liabilities that must be held as cash with the Reserve Bank of India, earning no interest.

Statutory Liquidity Ratio: the minimum share of net demand and time liabilities a bank must hold in liquid assets such as cash, gold, or approved securities.

A statutory body under the Ministry of Labour and Employment that administers provident fund, pension, and insurance schemes for covered employees through the EPF Act, 1952.

A pension scheme framed in 1995 under the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, providing monthly pension to members after the qualifying service period.

A scheme under the EPF Act, 1952 that pays a lump-sum insurance benefit to the nominee of a covered member who dies while in service.

A statutory body established under the ESI Act, 1948 that administers sickness, maternity, disability, dependants', and medical benefit schemes for insured workers.

A social security law providing cash benefits and medical care to insured workers and their dependants, funded by contributions from employers and employees and administered by the ESI Corporation.

Work carried out in a factory or establishment covered by the ESI Act, where the employee's wage does not exceed the wage ceiling notified by the central government.

The maximum monthly wage limit notified under the ESI Act; employees earning up to this amount in covered establishments are brought within the insurance scheme.

The fixed six-month span (April to September or October to March) over which ESI contributions are counted to decide whether an insured person qualifies for a cash benefit.

The six-month span immediately following a contribution period, during which the insured person's eligibility for sickness and maternity cash benefits is determined.

Software such as Microsoft Excel or LibreOffice Calc that stores data in rows and columns of cells and supports formulas, charts, and sorting for office work.

The address of a cell formed by its column letter and row number, such as B4; a dollar sign before the letter or number makes the reference absolute.

A spreadsheet function that searches for a value in the first column of a range and returns a value from a specified column of the same row.

A word-processor feature that combines one main document with a data source so that personalised letters or labels are generated for many recipients in one operation.