GATE AR flashcards
GATE AR · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Floor Area Ratio
- The ratio of total built-up floor area on all floors to the plot area. It is a zoning control that caps building bulk independent of ground coverage limits.
- Ground coverage
- The percentage of plot area occupied by the building footprint at ground level. It controls open space and is regulated separately from floor area ratio.
- Riser and tread rule
- Stair comfort is governed by 2R + T between roughly 600 and 640 mm. A 150 mm riser with a 300 mm tread satisfies this rule for public buildings.
- Daylight factor
- The ratio of internal illuminance at a point to simultaneous external horizontal illuminance under an unobstructed overcast sky, expressed as a percentage.
- Sabine reverberation formula
- Reverberation time RT60 equals 0.161 times room volume divided by total absorption in sabins. Doubling absorption halves reverberation time in the same volume.
- Sound Reduction Index
- A laboratory measure in decibels of how much a partition attenuates airborne sound. Higher values mean better acoustic isolation between adjacent spaces.
- Ramp gradient limit
- Accessible ramps for wheelchair users should not exceed 1:12 gradient, with landings at intervals and at changes of direction, to keep effort within user capability.
- PMV and PPD
- Predicted Mean Vote and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied are ISO 7730 thermal comfort indices. PMV near zero corresponds to neutral comfort for most occupants.
- Setback measurement
- The horizontal distance from the plot boundary to the outermost building projection, including balconies. It is prescribed separately for front, rear, and side boundaries.
- Exit width calculation
- Required egress width equals occupant load multiplied by the unit exit width per person for the occupancy type. Occupant load derives from floor area per person factors.
- Occupant load factor
- The floor area per person assumed for an occupancy type, used to compute total occupants for egress design. Concentrated assembly uses far smaller area per person.
- Universal design turning circle
- A clear circular space of 1500 mm diameter is required for a wheelchair to turn through 360 degrees in an accessible route or toilet.
- Architect fee percentage
- Professional fees are commonly set as a percentage of project cost, often between four and ten percent depending on project complexity and scope of services.
- Passenger car unit
- A traffic engineering unit that converts mixed vehicle types into equivalent passenger car volumes for capacity analysis of roads and intersections.
- Ventilation openable area rule
- Habitable rooms generally require openable window area of about one tenth of the floor area for natural ventilation, with mechanical exhaust for kitchens and toilets.
- Building height measurement
- Height is measured from average ground level to the top of the roof slab or terrace parapet, excluding stair headroom in most municipal development control rules.
- Simply supported beam moment
- For a uniformly distributed load w over span L, maximum bending moment is wL squared divided by eight, occurring at midspan.
- Beam deflection span dependence
- Deflection under uniform load equals five w L to the fourth divided by 384 EI. Because of the fourth power, doubling span increases deflection sixteen times.
- Concrete grade M20
- M20 denotes characteristic cube compressive strength of 20 newtons per square millimetre at 28 days, commonly corresponding to a nominal 1:1.5:3 mix.
- Fe415 steel designation
- Fe415 indicates reinforcing steel with characteristic yield strength of 415 newtons per square millimetre. Fe500 designates 500 newtons per square millimetre yield strength.
- Modular brick size
- A standard modular brick is 190 by 90 by 90 millimetres; with a 10 millimetre mortar joint it forms a 200 by 100 by 100 millimetre module.
- English bond
- A brick bonding pattern with alternating courses of headers and stretchers. It is the strongest common bond and is used for load-bearing walls.
- Ton of refrigeration
- One ton of refrigeration equals 3.517 kilowatts of cooling capacity, the rate of heat removal needed to freeze one short ton of water per day.
- Sensible heat ratio
- The ratio of sensible heat to total heat load in an air-conditioned space. It guides selection of the apparatus dew point and supply air conditions.
- Per capita water demand
- Domestic water demand in Indian cities is typically about 135 to 150 litres per capita per day, with storage sized for one to two days.
- Classical column orders
- Doric has no base and a plain capital; Ionic has volute capitals with a base; Corinthian has an acanthus capital. They differ in proportion and ornament.
- Nagara versus Dravida
- Nagara temples in northern India have curvilinear shikharas and no enclosure wall; Dravida temples in the south have pyramidal vimanas and gopuram gateways.
- Le Corbusier five points
- Pilotis, free facade, open plan, ribbon windows, and roof garden. These principles were enabled by reinforced concrete frame construction in modern architecture.
- Jaali screen function
- A perforated lattice screen in hot-dry climates that filters light, reduces glare, and induces air movement while preserving privacy and reducing heat gain.
- Wind rose diagram
- A polar diagram showing the frequency and speed of winds by direction. It informs building orientation and the placement of openings for natural ventilation.
- First-angle projection
- A projection convention where the object lies between observer and plane, so views appear on the far side. It is standard practice in Indian and European drawing.
- Height of instrument method
- A leveling procedure where the instrument height equals benchmark reduced level plus backsight. Reduced level of a point equals instrument height minus its reading.