GATE GE flashcards
GATE GE · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Bending stress formula
- Normal stress in a beam is σ = My/I, where M is the bending moment, y is the distance from the neutral axis, and I is the second moment of area.
- Carnot efficiency
- The maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine between two reservoirs is 1 − T_L/T_H, using absolute temperatures. No real engine exceeds it.
- Reynolds number
- Re = ρVD/μ compares inertial to viscous forces. Pipe flow is typically laminar below about 2000 and fully turbulent above about 4000.
- Mohr's circle radius
- For plane stress, the circle radius is R = √[((σx−σy)/2)² + τxy²]. Principal stresses equal the centre value plus or minus R.
- Binary search complexity
- Searching n sorted items by repeated halving takes about log₂n comparisons, giving O(log n) time, but it needs sorted data and random access.
- TCP three-way handshake
- A TCP connection opens with SYN, then SYN-ACK, then ACK. This synchronizes sequence numbers and confirms both endpoints can send and receive.
- Third normal form
- A relation is in 3NF when it is in 2NF and has no transitive dependency, meaning non-key attributes depend only on candidate keys.
- Coffman deadlock conditions
- Deadlock needs mutual exclusion, hold-and-wait, no preemption, and circular wait simultaneously. Breaking any one condition prevents deadlock.
- AMAT formula
- Average memory access time equals hit time plus miss rate multiplied by miss penalty. It combines cache latency with the cost of fetching from lower levels.
- Floor Area Ratio
- FAR is total built-up floor area divided by plot area. Combined with ground coverage, it determines the average number of storeys allowed.
- Daylight factor
- Daylight factor is indoor illuminance at a point divided by simultaneous unobstructed outdoor horizontal illuminance, expressed as a percentage.
- Ground coverage
- Ground coverage is the building footprint area divided by plot area. It is controlled separately from floor area ratio and height limits.
- Ductile seismic detailing
- Structures are detailed so that yielding occurs in planned plastic hinges, absorbing energy rather than failing brittlely during an earthquake.
- Universal design principles
- These include equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, and adequate size and space.
- Ideal gas law
- PV = nRT relates pressure, volume, moles, and absolute temperature, with R = 8.314 J/(mol·K). At STP, one mole occupies about 22.4 litres.
- pH definition
- pH equals the negative base-10 logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration. A change of one pH unit means a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.
- Le Chatelier's principle
- A system at equilibrium shifts to oppose a disturbance. Raising pressure favours the side with fewer gas moles; raising temperature favours the endothermic direction.
- Snell's law
- n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂ governs refraction at an interface. Total internal reflection occurs only when light moves from higher to lower refractive index.
- DNA base pairing
- Adenine pairs with thymine through two hydrogen bonds, and guanine pairs with cytosine through three. This complementarity underlies replication and transcription.
- Break-even quantity
- Break-even quantity equals fixed costs divided by contribution margin per unit, where contribution margin is selling price minus variable cost per unit.
- Net Present Value rule
- NPV discounts all project cash flows at the required rate and subtracts the initial outlay. A positive NPV means the project adds value.
- Accounting equation
- Assets equal liabilities plus equity. Every transaction keeps this equality intact because each entry has an equal and opposite counterpart.
- Current ratio
- Current ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities. The quick ratio removes inventory from current assets to test short-term liquidity more strictly.
- Weighted average cost of capital
- WACC weights the cost of equity and after-tax cost of debt by their market value shares. It is the minimum return a firm should earn on investments.
- Straight-line depreciation
- Annual depreciation equals cost minus salvage value, divided by useful life. The written-down-value method instead applies a fixed rate to opening book value.
- Shakespearean sonnet
- A fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg, ending in a couplet that typically sharpens or reverses the argument.
- Iambic pentameter
- A line of five iambic feet, each an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one, giving ten syllables with alternating stress.
- Ad hominem fallacy
- An argument that attacks the person making a claim rather than addressing the claim itself. It is a fallacy because personal traits do not determine truth.
- Primary versus secondary source
- A primary source originates in the period studied; a secondary source interprets such evidence. The distinction depends on use, not on format alone.
- Theme versus motif
- Theme is the underlying idea a work explores, while motif is a recurring element that supports it. A symbol carries meaning beyond its literal sense.
- Cubism
- An early twentieth-century movement, emerging around 1907, that fractures form into multiple simultaneous viewpoints, rejecting single-point perspective.
- Renaissance periodization
- The Renaissance spans roughly the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries in Europe, preceding the Baroque. Dates vary by region and by artistic medium.