GTET 2 flashcards
GTET 2 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Vygotsky's term for the range between what a learner can do alone and what the learner can do with expert guidance or peer collaboration.
- Conservation (Piaget)
- The understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance; typically achieved in the concrete operational stage around ages seven to eleven.
- Scaffolding
- Temporary, graduated support provided within the learner's zone of proximal development; it is faded as the learner gains independent competence.
- Working memory capacity
- The limited amount of information that can be held and manipulated simultaneously, commonly estimated at about seven plus or minus two chunks.
- Backward design
- A curriculum planning approach that begins with desired results, then identifies acceptable evidence, and only then designs learning experiences.
- Bloom's revised taxonomy
- A hierarchy of cognitive processes ordered as remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create, used to align objectives and assessments.
- Differentiation
- Modifying content, process, product, or environment in response to student readiness, interest, and learning profile within a common curriculum.
- Direct instruction
- A teacher-led sequence of review, clear objective, small-step presentation, guided practice, independent practice, and spaced cumulative review.
- Formative assessment
- Assessment conducted during instruction to reveal current understanding and inform immediate adjustments to teaching and learning.
- Summative assessment
- Assessment administered after instruction to judge achievement against standards, often for grading, placement, or program evaluation.
- Reliability
- The consistency of assessment results across occasions, raters, or items; it is necessary but not sufficient for validity.
- Item discrimination index
- The difference in proportion correct between high-scoring and low-scoring groups; a negative value indicates a flawed item.
- Standard error of measurement
- An estimate of the variability of a student's observed score around the true score, used to construct confidence bands.
- Positive behavioral interventions and supports
- A multi-tiered prevention framework using explicit expectations, teaching of routines, reinforcement, and data-based decision making across school settings.
- Least restrictive environment
- The IDEA requirement that students with disabilities be educated with nondisabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate.
- Functional behavior assessment
- A process of identifying antecedents, consequences, and the function of a behavior in order to design an effective behavior intervention plan.
- Praise-to-correction ratio
- The relative frequency of specific positive feedback to corrective statements; a higher ratio is associated with improved classroom behavior.
- Restorative practice
- An approach to discipline that focuses on repairing harm, restoring relationships, and reintegrating students rather than excluding them.
- Mandated reporting
- The legal duty of educators to report reasonable suspicion of child abuse or neglect to the designated agency without investigating or notifying the family.
- FERPA
- The federal law protecting education records, granting parents and eligible students inspection and amendment rights and limiting disclosure.
- Dual relationship
- A situation in which an educator holds a second role with a student or family that may compromise objectivity or exploit power.
- Fair use
- A legal doctrine permitting limited use of copyrighted material based on purpose, nature, amount, and effect on the market.
- Phonemic awareness
- The ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words, a foundational predictor of early reading success.
- Concrete-representational-abstract sequence
- A mathematics instructional progression moving from manipulatives to visual models to symbolic notation to build conceptual understanding.
- Mathematical proficiency strands
- Conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, strategic competence, adaptive reasoning, and productive disposition, as defined in mathematics education research.
- Primary source analysis
- The disciplinary practice of sourcing, contextualizing, corroborating, and close reading historical documents to construct evidence-based interpretations.
- IEP
- An individualized education program required by IDEA that specifies present levels, measurable goals, services, accommodations, and placement, reviewed at least annually.
- Section 504 plan
- A plan under Section 504 providing accommodations and access to the general curriculum for students with a qualifying disability.
- MTSS tiers
- A multi-tiered system of supports with universal Tier 1, targeted Tier 2, and intensive Tier 3 instruction, with movement based on progress data.
- Accommodation versus modification
- An accommodation changes how a student accesses learning or assessment; a modification changes what content or performance is expected.
- TPACK
- A framework describing effective technology integration as the intersection of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge.
- SAMR model
- A technology integration framework with substitution, augmentation, modification, and redefinition levels; transformation occurs at the top two levels.