Gujarati Grammar and Language
Gujarati Grammar and Language tests standard Gujarati usage: sandhi, samas, alankar, vibhakti, vachan, ling, kaal and shabdasamuh. Questions often ask you to identify a category, correct a sentence, or choose the form that fits a formal administrative sentence.
Core rules
- Sandhi joins sounds; samas joins words to make a compound. Do not label every compound as sandhi.
- Common samas: tatpurush (રાજપુત્ર = રાજાનો પુત્ર), karmadharay (નીલકમળ), dvandva (રામ-લક્ષ્મણ), bahuvrihi (દશાનન), dvigu (ત્રિભુવન).
- Alankar: upma uses જેવો/સમ; rupak identifies without comparison; utpreksha imagines; anuprasa repeats sounds.
- Verb agreement follows kartā in number and person; ling affects participle and adjective forms.
Worked example
In 'રાજપુત્ર', the first member રાજા is in the genitive relation to પુત્ર, so it is a tatpurush samas, specifically ṣaṣṭhī tatpurush. The reasoning is: expand to 'રાજાનો પુત્ર'; if the expansion needs a case relation, it is tatpurush, not dvandva.
Traps
Do not confuse samas with sandhi: sandhi changes adjacent sounds, while samas combines words into one compound. In alankar questions, decide whether the comparison is explicit (upma) or implied (rupak). In official Gujarati, avoid Hindi-style forms and keep subject-verb agreement consistent.