Haryana Police SI cheat sheet

Constitutional offices: President elected by an electoral college of elected MPs and elected MLAs; term 5 years; removal by impeachment for violation of the Constitution (Article 61).

Article 368 amendment routes: simple majority (creation of new states, citizenship), special majority, and special majority plus ratification by half the states (federal provisions, Article 356, Seventh Schedule).

RBI was nationalised in 1949; monetary policy is set by the six-member Monetary Policy Committee, which targets CPI inflation at 4% with a +/-2% band.

GST came into force on 1 July 2017; the GST Council is chaired by the Union Finance Minister, and states hold two-thirds of the voting weight.

UN principal organs number six; the Security Council has 5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members, the latter elected for 2-year terms.

Nobel Prizes are announced in October; the Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo while the others are awarded in Stockholm.

Indian census is decennial; the 2011 census recorded a literacy rate of 74.04% and a sex ratio of 943 females per 1000 males.

Space milestones: Chandrayaan-3 soft-landed near the lunar south pole in August 2023; Aditya-L1 was inserted into a halo orbit around Sun-Earth L1 in January 2024.

Sports: the Ranji Trophy is India's first-class cricket championship; the Santosh Trophy is the national football championship; the Duleep Trophy is zonal first-class cricket.

Haryana was carved out of Punjab on 1 November 1966 on the recommendation of the Parliamentary Committee headed by Hukam Singh; Sardar Hukam Singh was its first Governor and Bhagwat Dayal Sharma its first Chief Minister.

Haryana shares boundaries with Punjab and Chandigarh (north), Himachal Pradesh (northeast), Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh (east), Rajasthan (south and west), and Delhi (southeast); it has no international border.

Districts and divisions: Haryana has 22 districts grouped into 6 divisions (Ambala, Hisar, Gurugram, Karnal, Rohtak, Faridabad); Faridabad is the most populous district and Gurugram the most urbanised.

Rivers: the Yamuna forms the eastern boundary, the Ghaggar (locally Saraswati) drains the southwest, and the Markanda and Tangri flow through the northeast; the Aravalli range ends at Morni Hills near Panchkula.

Heritage sites: Kurukshetra (Mahabharata battlefield, Brahma Sarovar, Jyotisar), Rakhigarhi in Hisar district (Indus Valley site), Surajkund in Faridabad (annual crafts mela), and Sultanpur National Park in Gurugram district.

State symbols: state bird black francolin, state animal blackbuck, state tree peepal, state flower lotus; the state song is in Haryanvi and the state sport is wrestling (kusti).

Economy: Haryana is a leading producer of wheat, mustard and basmati rice; the state has among the highest per capita incomes in India and hosts large automobile manufacturing clusters around Gurugram and Manesar.

Polity: the Haryana Legislative Assembly has 90 seats and the state sends 10 members to the Lok Sabha and 5 to the Rajya Sabha.

Culture: Haryanvi folk forms include the saang (folk theatre), ragini (sung narrative), and the ghoomar-style dance of the Ahirwal region; the Surajkund Mela and Pinjore Heritage Festival are major annual events.

Coding-decoding: shift-based ciphers use a fixed letter offset (A=1 ... Z=26); reverse-alphabet ciphers map A<->Z, B<->Y, so position n maps to 27-n.

Blood relations: draw a family tree with symbols; work backwards from the person asked about, and never assume gender from a role word alone.

Syllogism: apply the Venn method; a conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible diagram consistent with the premises. 'Some A are B' does not imply 'Some B are A' is false - it does imply it is true.

Direction sense: fix a north-up grid; left and right turn 90 degrees relative to current facing, and use Pythagoras for net displacement.

Seating arrangement: for circular arrangements of n people, fix one person to break rotational symmetry, giving (n-1)! arrangements; clockwise and anticlockwise are mirror images unless stated otherwise.

Series: check differences, then second differences, then ratios, then alternating patterns (two interleaved series); letter series often skip positions in steps of 2, 3 or 4.

Clocks: the minute hand gains 5.5 degrees per minute on the hour hand; hands coincide every 65 5/11 minutes, and are at right angles 22 times a day.

Analogy and classification: identify the relation type (part-whole, cause-effect, worker-tool, synonym-antonym) before choosing; a single odd item must differ on exactly one consistent criterion.

Percentage change: a rise of x% followed by a fall of x% gives a net change of -x^2/100 percent, always a decrease.

Profit and loss: successive discounts of a% and b% equal a single discount of a + b - ab/100 percent; selling price = marked price x (1 - d1)(1 - d2).

Simple and compound interest: SI = PRT/100; CI amount = P(1 + R/100)^T; for 2 years the CI-SI gap equals P(R/100)^2.

Time, speed and distance: average speed for equal distances at speeds u and v is the harmonic mean 2uv/(u+v), not (u+v)/2.

Trains and boats: a train of length L crossing a platform of length P at speed v takes (L+P)/v; downstream speed = boat + stream, upstream = boat - stream.

Work: if A alone takes a days and B alone b days, together they take ab/(a+b) days; use LCM of days as total work units to avoid fractions.

Mensuration: cylinder volume = pi r^2 h, curved surface = 2 pi r h; sphere volume = 4/3 pi r^3, surface = 4 pi r^2; cone volume = 1/3 pi r^2 h.

Permutation and combination: arrangements of n distinct objects = n!; selections of r from n = nCr = n!/(r!(n-r)!); circular arrangements = (n-1)!.

Averages: if the average of n numbers is A and one number x is replaced by y, the new average is A + (y - x)/n.

Subject-verb agreement: 'one of the + plural noun' takes a singular verb; 'each', 'every', 'either', 'neither' as subjects are singular.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' with superlatives, unique objects, rivers, ranges and newspapers.

Prepositions: 'since' with a point of time, 'for' with a duration; 'between' for two, 'among' for more than two; 'discuss' and 'reach' take no preposition.

Tenses: after 'if' in a real condition use the present simple for future meaning; 'had + past participle' marks the earlier of two past actions.

Voice: passive = form of 'be' + past participle; only transitive verbs can be made passive, and the object becomes the subject.

Direct to indirect speech: shift tense one step back, change pronouns by the speaker-listener rule (SON: subject-object-no change), and replace 'said to' with 'told' before an object.

Idioms to know: 'a bolt from the blue' (sudden shock), 'to bell the cat' (take the risk first), 'a white elephant' (costly, useless possession), 'to burn the midnight oil' (study late).

One-word substitutions: 'altruist' (selfless person), 'ephemeral' (short-lived), 'invincible' (unconquerable), 'philanthropist' (lover of mankind), 'misanthrope' (hater of mankind).

Cloze and error spotting: read the full sentence for context, then check the underlined segment against a grammar rule rather than by sound alone.

संधि: स्वर संधि में दो स्वर मिलते हैं (विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय, देव + इंद्र = देवेंद्र); व्यंजन संधि में स्वर + व्यंजन मिलते हैं; विसर्ग संधि में विसर्ग का रूप बदलता है।

समास: तत्पुरुष में उत्तर पद प्रधान होता है, द्वंद्व में दोनों पद प्रधान, बहुव्रीहि में कोई भी पद प्रधान नहीं होता और अर्थ तीसरे शब्द पर जाता है।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: 'अनु' + 'शासन' = अनुशासन; 'लड़कपन' में 'पन' प्रत्यय है; कृत् प्रत्यय क्रिया से और तद्धित प्रत्यय संज्ञा-विशेषण से बनते हैं।

वाक्य शुद्धि: 'कृपया' के साथ आदरसूचक बहुवचन आता है; 'सभी लड़के आए' में 'सभी' के साथ बहुवचन क्रिया सही है।

मुहावरे: 'नौ-दो ग्यारह होना' (भाग जाना), 'आँख का तारा' (बहुत प्यारा), 'लोहे के चने चबाना' (कठिन कार्य करना), 'अंधे की लाठी' (एकमात्र सहारा)।

हरियाणवी बोली: हरियाणवी राजस्थानी-भाषा समूह के अंतर्गत आती है; इसकी प्रमुख उपबोलियाँ बांगरू, अहीरवाटी, मेवाती, हरियाणवी (दक्षिणी) और बागड़ी हैं।

हरियाणवी लोक साहित्य: 'रागिनी' गायन-कथा शैली है, 'सांग' लोक नाट्य है, और 'संजीवनी' तथा 'हरियाणा संदेश' जैसी पत्रिकाएँ क्षेत्रीय साहित्य से जुड़ी हैं।

विलोम और पर्यायवाची: 'उत्कर्ष' का विलोम 'अपकर्ष', 'अनुराग' का 'विराग'; 'सूर्य' के पर्यायवाची रवि, भानु, दिनकर, आदित्य हैं।

वर्तनी: 'क्ष', 'त्र', 'ज्ञ' संयुक्त व्यंजन हैं; 'अतिरिक्त' में 'ति' और 'रि' की मात्राएँ सही क्रम में आती हैं, और हलंत का प्रयोग संयुक्ताक्षर में होता है।

OSI model has 7 layers (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application); TCP/IP collapses these into 4 layers.

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and IPv6 uses 128-bit; a Class C IPv4 network has 24 network bits and 8 host bits, giving 254 usable hosts.

Memory hierarchy by speed: registers > cache > RAM > SSD > HDD > optical; RAM is volatile, ROM is non-volatile.

Ports: HTTP 80, HTTPS 443, FTP 20/21, SMTP 25, DNS 53, SSH 22; HTTPS adds TLS encryption over HTTP.

Storage units: 1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB; 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Excel: every formula begins with '='; '$A$1' is an absolute reference, 'A1' relative, '$A1' mixed with a fixed column.

Cyber threats: phishing is a deceptive message that harvests credentials; ransomware encrypts files and demands payment; a firewall filters traffic by rules.

Number systems: binary 1011 equals decimal 11; hexadecimal F equals 15; one hex digit represents exactly 4 binary bits.

Fundamental Rights (Part III): Article 14 equality before law, Article 19 six freedoms including speech and assembly, Article 21 life and personal liberty, Article 22 safeguards on arrest, Article 32 right to constitutional remedies.

Article 20 protections: no ex post facto conviction, no double jeopardy for the same offence, and no compulsion to be a witness against oneself.

BNS 2023 replaced the IPC, BNSS replaced the CrPC and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the Evidence Act, all effective from 1 July 2024.

Arrest safeguards: a police officer must inform the grounds of arrest, allow a lawyer, produce the arrested person before a magistrate within 24 hours, and follow D.K. Basu guidelines.

FIR: information about a cognizable offence is recorded under the BNSS (formerly Section 154 CrPC); a zero FIR can be lodged at any police station regardless of jurisdiction.

Police in the Constitution: 'police' is Entry 2 of the State List (List II); the Union retains central forces such as the CRPF, BSF and CISF.

D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) laid down arrest and custody safeguards; Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997) set workplace sexual harassment guidelines.

POCSO Act 2012 protects children below 18 years; the Juvenile Justice Act 2015 deals with children in conflict with law and children in need of care.

Evidence: a confession to a police officer is generally inadmissible, while a statement leading to discovery of a fact is admissible as a discovery statement.