IB Security Assistant flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Adoption date of Constitution
- The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950, now celebrated as Republic Day.
- Fundamental Duties amendment
- Fundamental Duties were inserted into Part IVA by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976, following the Swaran Singh Committee's recommendation, and Article 51A lists them.
- Monetary Policy Committee
- The six-member RBI committee set up in 2016 sets the repo rate to target inflation; it has three RBI members and three government-appointed external members.
- Rajya Sabha maximum strength
- The Rajya Sabha may have at most 250 members, of whom 238 represent states and union territories and 12 are nominated by the President for special knowledge.
- Bharat Ratna
- India's highest civilian award, instituted in 1954, given for exceptional service or performance of the highest order in any field, not restricted to Indian citizens.
- Article 324
- Article 324 establishes the Election Commission of India and vests in it the superintendence, direction, and control of elections to Parliament and state legislatures.
- Successive percentage change formula
- Two successive changes of a percent and b percent produce a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent; a rise then an equal fall always gives a net loss.
- Compound interest formula
- Compound amount equals principal times (1 + R/100) raised to T; for half-yearly compounding, use R/2 as rate and 2T as the number of periods.
- Train crossing platform time
- The time for a train of length L to cross a platform of length P at speed S is (L + P)/S, with both lengths in the same unit as the speed.
- LCM-HCF product rule
- For any two positive integers, the product of their LCM and HCF equals the product of the two numbers; this lets you find one from the other.
- Milk replacement formula
- If x litres are drawn from V litres of milk and replaced with water n times, the remaining milk is V times (1 - x/V) raised to n.
- Doubling time at simple interest
- A sum doubles under simple interest in T years when the rate is 100/T percent per annum, because total interest must equal the principal.
- Relative speed rule
- When two bodies move in the same direction, relative speed is the difference of speeds; in opposite directions, it is the sum of speeds.
- Average replacement effect
- If one value in a set is replaced by a larger value, the average increases by the difference divided by the total number of values in the set.
- Syllogism validity test
- A conclusion is valid only if it holds in every possible Venn arrangement of the premises; a single counter-arrangement makes it invalid.
- Odd days concept
- Odd days are the remainder when total days are divided by seven; a normal year has one, a leap year two, and 400 years have none.
- Clock hand gain rate
- The minute hand gains 5.5 degrees per minute on the hour hand, so the hands overlap every 65 and 5/11 minutes, slightly more than an hour.
- Ranking total formula
- The total number of persons in a row equals rank from the top plus rank from the bottom minus one, used to find a missing rank.
- Opposite letter rule
- In the alphabet, letters opposite each other sum to 27, so A pairs with Z, B with Y, and C with X; this underlies many coding patterns.
- Facing direction and left-right
- A person facing north has west on the left; a person facing south has east on the left, so left and right reverse when the facing direction reverses.
- Painted cube corner count
- A painted cube cut into smaller cubes has exactly eight small cubes with three painted faces, one at each corner of the original cube.
- 'No sooner' construction
- 'No sooner' is followed by 'than' and takes inverted word order, as in 'No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain'.
- Subject-verb with 'one of'
- In 'one of the + plural noun', the verb agrees with 'one' and is singular, as in 'One of the students is absent today'.
- Active to passive conversion
- The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of 'be' plus past participle, and the original subject follows 'by' if retained.
- 'Since' versus 'for'
- 'Since' marks a starting point in time, such as since 2015, while 'for' marks a duration, such as for five years; both suit perfect tenses.
- Fewer versus less
- 'Fewer' is used with countable plural nouns, as in fewer books, while 'less' is used with uncountable nouns, as in less water.
- Affect versus effect
- 'Affect' is usually a verb meaning to influence, while 'effect' is usually a noun meaning a result; mixing the two is a common error.
- Reported speech tense shift
- When the reporting verb is past, present tenses shift to past, 'will' becomes 'would', and 'tomorrow' becomes 'the next day'.
- Misplaced modifier rule
- An introductory participial phrase modifies the subject immediately after the comma, so 'Walking home, I saw' is correct and 'Walking home, the rain' is not.
- 'The number of' agreement
- 'The number of' takes a singular verb because the subject is 'number', while 'a number of' takes a plural verb because it means several.
- Idiom: burn the midnight oil
- This idiom means to work or study late into the night; it refers to oil lamps used before electricity and implies sustained effort.
- Idiom: beat around the bush
- This idiom means to avoid coming to the main point and speak indirectly, often to delay or evade a difficult matter.