ICG Navik GD cheat sheet

Indian Navy: founded as the East India Company's Marine in 1612; the ICG (Indian Coast Guard) was formally constituted on 18 August 1978 under the Coast Guard Act, 1978.

ICG's parent ministry is the Ministry of Defence; the Force is commanded by a Director General (DGICG) and its motto is "Vayam Rakshamah" (We Protect).

Rank order in ICG officers: Assistant Commandant, Deputy Commandant, Commandant, Deputy Inspector General, Inspector General, Additional Director General, Director General.

Navik GD (General Duty) is a sailor entry branch; other sailor branches include Navik DB (Domestic Branch) and Yantrik (technical).

Constitutional facts: President is head of state, Prime Minister heads the government, Article 352 covers national emergency, and the Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976).

Indian geography anchors: Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 states; the Deccan Plateau lies between the Western and Eastern Ghats; Chilika Lake in Odisha is India's largest brackish lagoon.

Defence days: Army Day 15 January, Navy Day 4 December, Air Force Day 8 October, Coast Guard Day/Foundation 18 August, Kargil Vijay Diwas 26 July.

Key national symbols: national bird Indian peacock, national aquatic animal Ganges river dolphin, national flower lotus, national fruit mango, national tree banyan.

Speed-distance-time: distance = speed x time; unit conversion 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s and 1 m/s = 18/5 km/h.

Average = sum of observations / number of observations; for a boat, downstream speed = boat + stream, upstream = boat - stream.

Percentage and profit: profit% = (SP - CP)/CP x 100; successive percentage changes of a% then b% give net change a + b + ab/100.

Simple interest SI = PRT/100; compound interest amount A = P(1 + R/100)^T with interest = A - P.

Mensuration: area of circle = pi r^2, circumference = 2 pi r, area of triangle = (1/2) x base x height, volume of cylinder = pi r^2 h, sphere volume = (4/3) pi r^3.

Pythagoras theorem a^2 + b^2 = c^2 for right triangles; sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon = (n - 2) x 180 degrees.

Ratio and mixture: if two quantities are in ratio a:b, parts are ax and bx where a+b is the total number of parts; alligation gives cheaper:costlier ratio as (mean - cheap):(costly - mean).

Time and work: if A alone takes x days and B alone takes y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

LCM x HCF of two numbers = product of the two numbers.

Newton's laws: F = ma (second law); an object stays at rest or uniform motion unless a net external force acts (first law); every action has an equal and opposite reaction (third law).

Kinematics: v = u + at, s = ut + (1/2)at^2, v^2 = u^2 + 2as; acceleration due to gravity g is about 9.8 m/s^2 near Earth's surface.

Work and energy: work = force x displacement x cos(theta); kinetic energy = (1/2)mv^2; potential energy = mgh; power = work/time, SI unit watt.

Ohm's law V = IR; resistors in series add (R1 + R2), in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2; electrical power P = VI = I^2 R = V^2/R.

Light: angle of incidence equals angle of reflection; refraction bends light toward the normal when entering a denser medium; focal length of a plane mirror is infinite.

Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave; it cannot travel through vacuum; audible range for humans is about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

Density = mass/volume; pressure = force/area, SI unit pascal; pressure in a liquid increases with depth (P = rho g h).

Archimedes' principle: buoyant force equals the weight of fluid displaced; a floating body displaces fluid equal to its own weight.

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; words joined by 'and' take a plural verb unless they form a single idea; 'each/every/either/neither' take singular verbs.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university), 'the' for specific or unique references (the sun, the Ganga).

Tenses: present perfect uses has/have + past participle for past actions with present relevance; past perfect uses had + past participle for the earlier of two past actions.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by' (e.g., 'The sailor rowed the boat' becomes 'The boat was rowed by the sailor').

Reported speech: shift present to past and adjust pronouns and time words; 'said to' becomes 'told' when an object follows.

Common confusions: 'affect' is usually a verb and 'effect' a noun; 'its' is possessive while 'it's' means 'it is'; 'lie/lay' and 'rise/raise' differ in transitivity.

Prepositions of time: 'in' for months/years, 'on' for days/dates, 'at' for clock times; 'since' marks a point in time and 'for' a duration.

Synonyms/antonyms and one-word substitutions are common question types: e.g., 'amphibious' means able to operate on land and water; 'invincible' means unconquerable.

Indian Navy: founded as the East India Company's Marine in 1612; the ICG (Indian Coast Guard) was formally constituted on 18 August 1978 under the Coast Guard Act, 1978.

ICG's parent ministry is the Ministry of Defence; the Force is commanded by a Director General (DGICG) and its motto is "Vayam Rakshamah" (We Protect).

Rank order in ICG officers: Assistant Commandant, Deputy Commandant, Commandant, Deputy Inspector General, Inspector General, Additional Director General, Director General.

Navik GD (General Duty) is a sailor entry branch; other sailor branches include Navik DB (Domestic Branch) and Yantrik (technical).

Constitutional facts: President is head of state, Prime Minister heads the government, Article 352 covers national emergency, and the Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976).

Indian geography anchors: Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 states; the Deccan Plateau lies between the Western and Eastern Ghats; Chilika Lake in Odisha is India's largest brackish lagoon.

Defence days: Army Day 15 January, Navy Day 4 December, Air Force Day 8 October, Coast Guard Day/Foundation 18 August, Kargil Vijay Diwas 26 July.

Key national symbols: national bird Indian peacock, national aquatic animal Ganges river dolphin, national flower lotus, national fruit mango, national tree banyan.

Speed-distance-time: distance = speed x time; unit conversion 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s and 1 m/s = 18/5 km/h.

Average = sum of observations / number of observations; for a boat, downstream speed = boat + stream, upstream = boat - stream.

Percentage and profit: profit% = (SP - CP)/CP x 100; successive percentage changes of a% then b% give net change a + b + ab/100.

Simple interest SI = PRT/100; compound interest amount A = P(1 + R/100)^T with interest = A - P.

Mensuration: area of circle = pi r^2, circumference = 2 pi r, area of triangle = (1/2) x base x height, volume of cylinder = pi r^2 h, sphere volume = (4/3) pi r^3.

Pythagoras theorem a^2 + b^2 = c^2 for right triangles; sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon = (n - 2) x 180 degrees.

Ratio and mixture: if two quantities are in ratio a:b, parts are ax and bx where a+b is the total number of parts; alligation gives cheaper:costlier ratio as (mean - cheap):(costly - mean).

Time and work: if A alone takes x days and B alone takes y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

LCM x HCF of two numbers = product of the two numbers.

Newton's laws: F = ma (second law); an object stays at rest or uniform motion unless a net external force acts (first law); every action has an equal and opposite reaction (third law).

Kinematics: v = u + at, s = ut + (1/2)at^2, v^2 = u^2 + 2as; acceleration due to gravity g is about 9.8 m/s^2 near Earth's surface.

Work and energy: work = force x displacement x cos(theta); kinetic energy = (1/2)mv^2; potential energy = mgh; power = work/time, SI unit watt.

Ohm's law V = IR; resistors in series add (R1 + R2), in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2; electrical power P = VI = I^2 R = V^2/R.

Light: angle of incidence equals angle of reflection; refraction bends light toward the normal when entering a denser medium; focal length of a plane mirror is infinite.

Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave; it cannot travel through vacuum; audible range for humans is about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

Density = mass/volume; pressure = force/area, SI unit pascal; pressure in a liquid increases with depth (P = rho g h).

Archimedes' principle: buoyant force equals the weight of fluid displaced; a floating body displaces fluid equal to its own weight.

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; words joined by 'and' take a plural verb unless they form a single idea; 'each/every/either/neither' take singular verbs.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university), 'the' for specific or unique references (the sun, the Ganga).

Tenses: present perfect uses has/have + past participle for past actions with present relevance; past perfect uses had + past participle for the earlier of two past actions.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by' (e.g., 'The sailor rowed the boat' becomes 'The boat was rowed by the sailor').

Reported speech: shift present to past and adjust pronouns and time words; 'said to' becomes 'told' when an object follows.

Common confusions: 'affect' is usually a verb and 'effect' a noun; 'its' is possessive while 'it's' means 'it is'; 'lie/lay' and 'rise/raise' differ in transitivity.

Prepositions of time: 'in' for months/years, 'on' for days/dates, 'at' for clock times; 'since' marks a point in time and 'for' a duration.

Synonyms/antonyms and one-word substitutions are common question types: e.g., 'amphibious' means able to operate on land and water; 'invincible' means unconquerable.

Indian Navy: founded as the East India Company's Marine in 1612; the ICG (Indian Coast Guard) was formally constituted on 18 August 1978 under the Coast Guard Act, 1978.

ICG's parent ministry is the Ministry of Defence; the Force is commanded by a Director General (DGICG) and its motto is "Vayam Rakshamah" (We Protect).

Rank order in ICG officers: Assistant Commandant, Deputy Commandant, Commandant, Deputy Inspector General, Inspector General, Additional Director General, Director General.

Navik GD (General Duty) is a sailor entry branch; other sailor branches include Navik DB (Domestic Branch) and Yantrik (technical).

Constitutional facts: President is head of state, Prime Minister heads the government, Article 352 covers national emergency, and the Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976).

Indian geography anchors: Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 states; the Deccan Plateau lies between the Western and Eastern Ghats; Chilika Lake in Odisha is India's largest brackish lagoon.

Defence days: Army Day 15 January, Navy Day 4 December, Air Force Day 8 October, Coast Guard Day/Foundation 18 August, Kargil Vijay Diwas 26 July.

Key national symbols: national bird Indian peacock, national aquatic animal Ganges river dolphin, national flower lotus, national fruit mango, national tree banyan.

Speed-distance-time: distance = speed x time; unit conversion 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s and 1 m/s = 18/5 km/h.

Average = sum of observations / number of observations; for a boat, downstream speed = boat + stream, upstream = boat - stream.

Percentage and profit: profit% = (SP - CP)/CP x 100; successive percentage changes of a% then b% give net change a + b + ab/100.

Simple interest SI = PRT/100; compound interest amount A = P(1 + R/100)^T with interest = A - P.

Mensuration: area of circle = pi r^2, circumference = 2 pi r, area of triangle = (1/2) x base x height, volume of cylinder = pi r^2 h, sphere volume = (4/3) pi r^3.

Pythagoras theorem a^2 + b^2 = c^2 for right triangles; sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon = (n - 2) x 180 degrees.

Ratio and mixture: if two quantities are in ratio a:b, parts are ax and bx where a+b is the total number of parts; alligation gives cheaper:costlier ratio as (mean - cheap):(costly - mean).

Time and work: if A alone takes x days and B alone takes y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

LCM x HCF of two numbers = product of the two numbers.

Newton's laws: F = ma (second law); an object stays at rest or uniform motion unless a net external force acts (first law); every action has an equal and opposite reaction (third law).

Kinematics: v = u + at, s = ut + (1/2)at^2, v^2 = u^2 + 2as; acceleration due to gravity g is about 9.8 m/s^2 near Earth's surface.

Work and energy: work = force x displacement x cos(theta); kinetic energy = (1/2)mv^2; potential energy = mgh; power = work/time, SI unit watt.

Ohm's law V = IR; resistors in series add (R1 + R2), in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2; electrical power P = VI = I^2 R = V^2/R.

Light: angle of incidence equals angle of reflection; refraction bends light toward the normal when entering a denser medium; focal length of a plane mirror is infinite.

Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave; it cannot travel through vacuum; audible range for humans is about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

Density = mass/volume; pressure = force/area, SI unit pascal; pressure in a liquid increases with depth (P = rho g h).

Archimedes' principle: buoyant force equals the weight of fluid displaced; a floating body displaces fluid equal to its own weight.

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; words joined by 'and' take a plural verb unless they form a single idea; 'each/every/either/neither' take singular verbs.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university), 'the' for specific or unique references (the sun, the Ganga).

Tenses: present perfect uses has/have + past participle for past actions with present relevance; past perfect uses had + past participle for the earlier of two past actions.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by' (e.g., 'The sailor rowed the boat' becomes 'The boat was rowed by the sailor').

Reported speech: shift present to past and adjust pronouns and time words; 'said to' becomes 'told' when an object follows.

Common confusions: 'affect' is usually a verb and 'effect' a noun; 'its' is possessive while 'it's' means 'it is'; 'lie/lay' and 'rise/raise' differ in transitivity.

Prepositions of time: 'in' for months/years, 'on' for days/dates, 'at' for clock times; 'since' marks a point in time and 'for' a duration.

Synonyms/antonyms and one-word substitutions are common question types: e.g., 'amphibious' means able to operate on land and water; 'invincible' means unconquerable.