JEMAT flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Successive percentage change

Two successive changes of a% and b% produce a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent. A 10% rise then 10% fall gives a net 1% decrease, not zero.

CI minus SI, two years

For principal P and annual rate R percent, compound interest exceeds simple interest over two years by P(R/100) squared. This shortcut avoids computing both interests in full.

Train crossing a platform

Time equals the sum of train length and platform length divided by speed. Convert km/h to m/s by multiplying by 5/18 before dividing.

Upstream and downstream speeds

Downstream speed is boat plus stream, upstream is boat minus stream. Boat speed is their average and stream speed is half their difference.

Work rate addition

If A finishes in a days and B in b days, together they take ab/(a + b) days. Treat total work as the LCM of the individual days to avoid fractions.

Combination formula nCr

nCr equals n factorial divided by r factorial times (n minus r) factorial. It counts unordered selections; nCr equals nC(n minus r), so 10C8 equals 10C2.

Average after adding a value

Adding a value x to n items with average A gives a new average of (nA + x)/(n + 1). If x exceeds A, the average rises; if below, it falls.

Clock angle formula

The angle between hour and minute hands is the absolute value of 30H minus 5.5M, where H is the hour and M the minutes. Values above 180 are subtracted from 360.

Syllogism validity rule

A conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible diagram consistent with the premises. A single counter-diagram is enough to reject the conclusion.

Circular seating orientation

When people face the centre, a person's left is clockwise. When they face outward, left and right are reversed. Fix one person to remove rotational symmetry.

Blood relation diagramming

Draw nodes for each person, marking gender explicitly. Vertical links show parent to child, horizontal links show siblings or spouses; never infer gender from a name.

Leap year weekday shift

An ordinary year shifts the weekday of a given date by one day; a leap year shifts it by two. Century years count as leap only when divisible by 400.

Direction sense displacement

Track movement as north-south and east-west components. The straight-line distance from start is the square root of the sum of squared components.

Letter position coding

Map letters to numbers A = 1 through Z = 26. Typical codes use constant shifts, progressively increasing shifts, or reversal of the alphabet order.

Neither/nor verb agreement

With either-or or neither-nor, the verb agrees with the subject nearer to it. With 'one of the', the noun is plural but the verb stays singular.

Prepositions of time

Use 'in' for months, years and long periods, 'on' for days and dates, and 'at' for clock times and festivals. Example: at 5 pm on Monday in July.

Past perfect tense use

Had plus past participle marks the earlier of two past actions. The later action takes simple past, as in 'he had left before she arrived'.

Active to passive voice

The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of be plus past participle, and the original subject becomes 'by …' or is omitted entirely.

Indirect speech time shifts

In reported speech, 'now' becomes 'then', 'today' becomes 'that day', 'tomorrow' becomes 'the next day', and present tenses usually shift to past.

Reading comprehension main idea

The correct main-idea option covers the whole passage rather than one detail. Answers must be supported by the text, not by outside knowledge.

Idiom: bite the bullet

To bite the bullet means to face a painful or difficult situation bravely instead of avoiding it. It is often used about unavoidable unpleasant tasks.

Countable versus uncountable quantifiers

Use 'many' and 'few' with countable nouns, and 'much' and 'little' with uncountable nouns. 'A few' and 'a little' mean some; without 'a' they mean almost none.

GST launch and structure

India's goods and services tax took effect on 1 July 2017, replacing excise, service tax and VAT. It is levied as CGST, SGST and IGST on a destination basis.

LLP liability structure

A limited liability partnership is governed by the LLP Act 2008. Partners have limited liability, so personal assets are protected from business debts beyond their contribution.

Seven Ps of services marketing

The traditional four Ps are product, price, place and promotion. Services add people, process and physical evidence, giving the extended seven Ps mix.

Break-even quantity

Break-even quantity equals fixed costs divided by the difference between unit price and unit variable cost. Selling above this quantity produces profit.

Current ratio meaning

Current ratio divides current assets by current liabilities and gauges short-term solvency. A value near 2:1 is often treated as comfortable, though it varies by industry.

Maslow hierarchy order

Needs ascend from physiological to safety, social, esteem and finally self-actualisation. Lower needs are usually satisfied before higher ones motivate behaviour.

RBI establishment facts

The Reserve Bank of India was founded in 1935 and nationalised in 1949. It issues currency, manages monetary policy and acts as banker to the government.

GDP definition

Gross domestic product is the total value of final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a year, regardless of producer nationality.

Companies Act 2013 basics

The Companies Act 2013 governs Indian companies, which are separate legal entities with limited liability. Section 135 mandates corporate social responsibility spending by large firms.

Debt-equity ratio

Debt-equity ratio divides total debt by shareholders' equity and measures financial leverage. A higher ratio signals greater risk to lenders and greater volatility of returns.