JENPAS-UG flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Newton's second law

The net force on a body equals its mass times acceleration, F = ma; it defines the relation between force, mass, and the rate of change of momentum.

Ohm's law

At constant temperature, current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, giving V = IR where R is resistance in ohms.

Lens formula

For a thin lens, 1/f = 1/v − 1/u, where f is focal length, v image distance, and u object distance, all measured with the Cartesian sign convention.

Mole concept

One mole contains 6.022 × 10²³ particles and equals the molar mass in grams; one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 litres at STP.

pH scale

pH = −log[H⁺]; values below 7 are acidic, 7 neutral, above 7 basic at 25 °C, and pH plus pOH equals 14 in aqueous solution.

Mitosis versus meiosis

Mitosis yields two identical diploid cells for growth and repair; meiosis yields four genetically varied haploid gametes after one DNA replication and two divisions.

Blood cell functions

Red blood cells transport oxygen via haemoglobin, white blood cells mediate immune defence, and platelets promote clotting at sites of vessel injury.

Photosynthesis equation

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂, occurring in chloroplasts; light reactions in thylakoids produce ATP and NADPH used in the Calvin cycle.

Normal adult vital signs

Temperature 36.5–37.5 °C, pulse 60–100 beats per minute, respiration 12–20 breaths per minute, and blood pressure near 120/80 mmHg.

Autoclave sterilisation parameters

Steam sterilisation at 121 °C and 15 psi for 15–20 minutes kills all microorganisms including bacterial spores on heat-stable items.

Adult CPR ratio

For adult resuscitation, deliver 30 chest compressions at 100–120 per minute followed by 2 rescue breaths, repeating the cycle until help arrives.

Universal precautions

Treat all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious: perform hand hygiene, wear gloves for contact, and dispose of sharps without recapping.

ABO blood compatibility

Group AB is the universal recipient and group O negative the universal donor; A carries anti-B, B carries anti-A, O carries both antibodies.

Routes of drug administration

Common routes are oral, sublingual, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, topical, and inhalation; intravenous gives the fastest systemic onset.

Chain of infection

Six links: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host; breaking any link prevents spread.

Hypothalamus role

The hypothalamus is the body's thermoregulatory centre; it sets core temperature near 37 °C and raises the set-point during fever.

Subject-verb agreement

A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject a plural verb; collective nouns acting as one unit take a singular verb.

Active to passive voice

The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of be plus past participle, and the original subject moves to an agent phrase or is dropped.

Syllogism validity rule

A conclusion is valid only if it holds in every possible Venn arrangement consistent with the premises; a single counter-arrangement defeats it.

Average speed equal distances

When equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, average speed is 2xy/(x + y), the harmonic mean, not the arithmetic mean.

Successive percentage change

Two successive changes of a% and b% give a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent; for discounts both are subtracted instead.

Direction sense displacement

Track east-west and north-south components separately; the final straight-line distance equals the square root of the sum of squared components.

Blood relation terminology

Maternal refers to the mother's side and paternal to the father's side; drawing a generation-wise family tree with genders marked prevents errors.

Indian Constitution commencement

The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day; it was adopted on 26 November 1949.

JENPAS-UG paper structure

A single multiple-choice paper with four options per question, drawn from higher-secondary Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and a General Test section.

Negative marking rule

Wrong answers in JENPAS-UG attract a mark deduction while unattempted questions score zero, so blind guessing carries a measurable penalty.

Eligibility for nursing courses

Candidates need Physics, Chemistry, and Biology at 10+2 level plus a minimum aggregate percentage fixed by the counselling authority for admission.

Dilution equation

For the same solute, C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ relates initial and final concentration and volume, allowing calculation of an unknown after dilution.

Ideal gas law

PV = nRT with R = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K); one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 litres at standard temperature and pressure.

Projectile range formula

For launch speed u and angle θ, range R = u² sin2θ/g and time of flight T = 2u sinθ/g; maximum range occurs at 45 degrees.

Monohybrid and dihybrid ratios

Monohybrid F₂ gives a 3:1 phenotypic and 1:2:1 genotypic ratio; dihybrid F₂ gives 9:3:3:1 when genes assort independently.

Half-life decay formula

After n half-lives the remaining quantity equals the initial amount multiplied by (1/2)ⁿ, applying to radioactive decay and first-order reactions.