Kerala +2 Journalism study guide
Kerala +2 Journalism · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
Kerala's Higher Secondary Journalism course, usually taken as an optional subject in Plus One and Plus Two (listed under subjects such as Journalism, Code 229), is a school-level introduction to how news is gathered, written, edited and published. It suits students who are curious about newspapers, television, radio and online media and who want a structured foundation before deciding on a degree in journalism, mass communication or related fields. The Kerala +2 Journalism study guide has 9 sections and about 3,359 words.
01Introduction to Journalism: Nature, Functions and the History of the Press
Introduction to Journalism carries the definitions, functions and datable history that examiners use for short answers. Expect questions such as state four functions of the press, trace the growth of the Indian-language press, or explain why 1780 is a landmark year.
396 words, about 2 min02News: Definition, News Values, Sources and News Gathering
News is a timely report of an event or fact that interests a significant number of readers and was not already known to them. Charnley's formulation is safe to quote: news is anything timely that interests a number of persons, and the best news is that which has the greatest interest for the greatest number.
406 words, about 2 min03Reporting and Writing: News Writing, Leads, Structure, Features and Interviews
News writing is plain, precise and front-loaded. Use short sentences, active voice, one idea per paragraph, attribution verbs such as said, told and stated, and the past tense for reported events.
386 words, about 2 min04Editing: Copy Editing, Headlines, Page Layout and Design
The sub-editor checks factual accuracy (names, numbers, titles, dates), grammar and spelling, house style, legal risk from defamation, contempt and privacy, trims to fit, and improves clarity. Keep the five Cs in view: clarity, conciseness, correctness, consistency, coherence.
313 words, about 2 min05Media Law and Ethics: Press Freedom, Defamation, Privacy, Copyright and Codes
Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution guarantees freedom of speech and expression, which includes the press. Article 19(2) permits reasonable restrictions on grounds including sovereignty and integrity, security of the State, public order, decency or morality, contempt of court, defamation and incitement to an offence.
397 words, about 2 min06Photojournalism and Visual Communication
Rule of thirds: place the subject on an intersection of the imaginary three-by-three grid. Leading lines pull the eye; foreground framing adds depth; camera height and perspective change the meaning.
368 words, about 2 min07Advertising and Public Relations
Advertising is paid, non-personal communication by an identified sponsor, through mass media, to persuade a target audience. Types: product and institutional, commercial and social (public service), classified and display, print, broadcast, outdoor and digital.
342 words, about 2 min08Broadcast and Digital Media: Radio, Television and Online Journalism
All India Radio dates from 1936, when the Indian State Broadcasting Service was renamed; Vividh Bharati began in 1957; FM and community radio came later. Write for the ear: short sentences, one idea each, conversational tone, no unreadable figures, no parentheses, no homophones that confuse.
379 words, about 2 min09Media and Society: Role, Media Literacy and Development Communication
Watchdog and Fourth Estate: holding power to account. Agenda-setting (McCombs and Shaw, 1972): the media tell us what to think about, not what to think.
372 words, about 2 min