Kerala Police Constable cheat sheet

Kerala has 14 districts; the newest is Kasaragod's split-era arrangement - note that Malappuram was formed in 1969 and Pathanamthitta in 1982.

Kerala's Legislative Assembly has 140 seats; the state sends 20 members to the Lok Sabha and 9 to the Rajya Sabha.

Thiruvananthapuram is the state capital; the High Court of Kerala sits there and has jurisdiction over Kerala and Lakshadweep.

Kerala formed on 1 November 1956 under the States Reorganisation Act, merging Travancore-Cochin with Malabar and Kasargod taluk.

India's spaceport is at Sriharikota (Satish Dhawan Space Centre); ISRO's headquarters is in Bengaluru.

Current affairs anchors: track Kerala's annual budget (presented in February), the CPI/CPI(M) coalition dynamics, and the Kerala Police's annual crime review.

Kerala's literacy rate is about 94 per cent (2011 Census), the highest among Indian states; sex ratio about 1084 females per 1000 males.

National symbols: peacock (bird), tiger (animal), lotus (flower), Ganga (river); Kerala's state bird is the hornbill, state animal the elephant, state tree the coconut palm.

Sree Narayana Guru (1856-1928) founded the SNDP Yogam in 1903 and gave the message 'One caste, one religion, one God for man' at the 1913 Advaita Ashram, Aluva.

Chattampi Swamikal (1853-1924) championed the Nadar community and wrote 'Advaita Chintha Padhati'; his samadhi is at Panmana.

Ayyankali (1863-1941) led the Villuvandi Samaram (1893) and the Kallumala agitation (1915) for Dalit rights; he founded the Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham in 1907.

Sahodaran Ayyappan organised the Misrabhojanam (inter-dining) at Cherai in 1917 and founded the Sahodara Sangham.

Vakkom Moulavi pioneered Muslim social reform and founded the newspaper 'Swadeshabhimani' in 1905.

The Temple Entry Proclamation was issued by Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma of Travancore on 12 November 1936.

Kerala's classical art forms: Kathakali (dance-drama), Mohiniyattam (female solo), Koodiyattam (Sanskrit theatre, UNESCO-recognised), Theyyam (ritual art of north Malabar), Thullal (Kunchan Nambiar).

Onam commemorates Mahabali's return; the 10-day festival centres on Thiruvonam, with Pookalam, Onasadya and Vallamkali.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 in Bombay; W.C. Bonnerjee was its first president and A.O. Hume its founder-organiser.

The partition of Bengal (1905) triggered the Swadeshi Movement; it was annulled in 1911.

Gandhi's movements: Champaran (1917), Kheda and Ahmedabad (1918), Non-Cooperation (1920), Salt Satyagraha/Dandi (12 March 1930), Quit India (8 August 1942).

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on 13 April 1919 at Amritsar under General Dyer.

The Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950; Dr B.R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee.

Fundamental Rights are in Part III (Articles 12-35); Directive Principles in Part IV (Articles 36-51); Fundamental Duties in Article 51A (added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976).

The President is elected by an electoral college under Article 54; the term is five years; impeachment is under Article 61.

Article 356 covers President's Rule; Article 352 national emergency; Article 360 financial emergency.

Kerala's highest peak is Anamudi (2,695 m) in Idukki; the longest river is the Periyar (244 km), followed by the Bharathapuzha (209 km).

The Western Ghats run parallel to Kerala's coast; the Palghat Gap is the major break in the range, about 30 km wide.

Kerala's climate is tropical monsoon: southwest monsoon (June-September) and northeast monsoon (October-November).

Vembanad is Kerala's largest lake; Ashtamudi is the second largest; both are Ramsar sites along with Sasthamkotta and Vellayani.

Silent Valley National Park (Palakkad) is a core area of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve; Eravikulam hosts the Nilgiri tahr.

Soil erosion, laterite formation and backwater salinity are key Kerala environmental issues; the 'Kuttanad below sea level farming' is a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System.

National environmental statutes: Wildlife Protection Act 1972, Water Act 1974, Forest Conservation Act 1980, Air Act 1981, Environment Protection Act 1986.

The Kyoto Protocol (1997) and Paris Agreement (2015) address greenhouse gas reduction; the UNFCCC is the parent convention (1992).

SI units: force newton (N), pressure pascal (Pa), energy joule (J), power watt (W), frequency hertz (Hz).

Newton's laws: F = ma; every action has an equal and opposite reaction; a body stays at rest or uniform motion unless acted on by a net force.

Ohm's law: V = IR; electrical power P = VI = I²R; resistors in series add, in parallel reciprocals add.

Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂, occurring in chloroplasts with chlorophyll.

Human blood groups: A, B, AB, O; O negative is the universal donor, AB positive the universal recipient.

pH scale 0-14; below 7 acidic, above 7 basic; litmus turns red in acid and blue in base.

Vitamins: A (retinol, night blindness), B1 (thiamine, beriberi), C (ascorbic acid, scurvy), D (calciferol, rickets), K (clotting).

The speed of light in vacuum is about 3 × 10⁸ m/s; sound travels about 343 m/s in air at 20 °C.

Percentage change = (new − old)/old × 100; successive percentage changes a and b combine as a + b + ab/100.

Simple interest = PTR/100; compound amount = P(1 + R/100)^T; for half-yearly compounding use R/2 and 2T.

Profit percentage = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; discount is calculated on marked price, profit on cost price.

Time-speed-distance: distance = speed × time; to convert km/h to m/s multiply by 5/18.

Average = sum of terms / number of terms; for consecutive numbers the average is the middle term.

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; triangle area = ½ × base × height; Heron's formula √(s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)).

Volume: cylinder = πr²h; cone = ⅓πr²h; sphere = 4/3πr³; cuboid = lbh. Surface area of sphere = 4πr²; curved surface of cylinder = 2πrh.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d then ad = bc; work problems use 1/(days) as the rate and add rates for joint work.

Number series: check differences, then ratios, then alternating or square/cube patterns before assuming a rule.

Coding-decoding: map letter positions A=1 … Z=26; reverse alphabet position = 27 − position.

Blood relations: draw a family tree; 'mother's brother' = maternal uncle; 'father's sister's son' = cousin.

Direction sense: net displacement uses Pythagoras when movements are perpendicular; track facing direction separately from movement.

Syllogism: 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; only conclusions that hold in every Venn diagram are valid.

Odd-one-out: test for shared property (prime, square, divisible by n, all vowels) rather than surface similarity.

Calendar: a normal year shifts the day by 1, a leap year by 2; 100 years shift by 5, 400 years by 0.

Clock: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M| degrees; hands coincide 11 times in 12 hours.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific or unique referents.

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'each, every, either, neither' are singular; 'news, mathematics' are singular.

Tenses: present perfect (has/have + past participle) for past action with present relevance; past perfect for the earlier of two past actions.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by'.

Prepositions: 'since' with a point of time, 'for' with a duration; 'between' for two, 'among' for more than two.

Idioms: 'once in a blue moon' = very rarely; 'to let the cat out of the bag' = to reveal a secret; 'a bolt from the blue' = a sudden shock.

Synonyms/antonyms: use word roots - 'bene' good, 'mal' bad, 'anti' against, 'pre' before - to infer unfamiliar words.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns to the reporter's perspective and shift tense back one step when the reporting verb is past.

മലയാള അക്ഷരമാലയിൽ 15 സ്വരങ്ങളും 41 വ്യഞ്ജനങ്ങളും ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു; ആകെ 56 അക്ഷരങ്ങൾ.

സ്വരങ്ങൾ: അ, ആ, ഇ, ഈ, ഉ, ഊ, ഋ, എ, ഏ, ഐ, ഒ, ഓ, ഔ, ഐ, ഔ - ഹ്രസ്വ-ദീർഘ ഭേദം ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുക.

സന്ധി: സ്വരസന്ധി (അ + ഇ = എ), വ്യഞ്ജനസന്ധി, വിസർഗസന്ധി - ഉദാ: 'കവി + ഇന്ദ്രൻ = കവീന്ദ്രൻ'.

സമാസം: തത്പുരുഷൻ, ബഹുവ്രീഹി, ദ്വന്ദൻ, അവ്യയീഭാവൻ, കർമ്മധാരയൻ - അർഥഭേദം പരിശോധിച്ച് തരം തിരിക്കുക.

പര്യായപദങ്ങൾ: സൂര്യൻ - ഭാസ്കരൻ, രവി, ആദിത്യൻ; ഭൂമി - ധരണി, പൃഥ്വി, വസുന്ധര.

വിപരീതപദങ്ങൾ: ഉയർച്ച × താഴ്ച, ആദി × അന്തം, ധർമ്മം × അധർമ്മം.

ശൈലികൾ: 'കൈയും കണക്കും' = കൃത്യത; 'മുഖം കാണിക്കുക' = നാണം കെടുക; 'തലയിൽ കുത്തുക' = ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടിക്കുക.

വാക്യശുദ്ധി: കർത്തൃ-ക്രിയ പൊരുത്തം, വചനപ്പൊരുത്തം, കാലപ്പൊരുത്തം എന്നിവ പരിശോധിക്കുക.

Computer generations: 1st vacuum tubes, 2nd transistors, 3rd integrated circuits, 4th microprocessors, 5th AI/ULSI.

Memory hierarchy by size/speed: registers < cache < RAM < secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB.

Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone; output: monitor, printer, speaker, plotter.

OS functions: process management, memory management, file system, device I/O; examples Windows, Linux, macOS, Android.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

Internet basics: IP address identifies a device; DNS resolves domain names to IP; HTTP/HTTPS are web protocols; URL has scheme, host and path.

Cyber law in India: Information Technology Act 2000 (amended 2008); Section 66C identity theft, 66D cheating by impersonation, 67 obscene material.

Malware types: virus (needs host), worm (self-replicating), trojan (disguised), ransomware (encrypts and demands payment), phishing (fraudulent messages).

Integrity means consistency between stated values and action; probity is honesty in handling public money and resources.

Conflict of interest arises when personal interest could influence official duty; the rule is to disclose and recuse.

Police ethics core values: impartiality, fairness, respect for human dignity, accountability, and lawful use of minimum force.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 1948; 10 December is Human Rights Day.

Fundamental Rights (Part III) are enforceable through writs under Article 32 (Supreme Court) and Article 226 (High Court).

The National Human Rights Commission was constituted in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act 1993; a State Human Rights Commission is constituted under the same Act.

RTI Act 2005 gives citizens the right to information from public authorities within 30 days, subject to exemptions in Section 8.

Corruption offences are covered by the Prevention of Corruption Act 1988; the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013 provides ombudsman mechanisms.

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 replaced the Indian Penal Code 1860, effective 1 July 2024; the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita replaced the CrPC and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the Evidence Act.

Cognizable offence: police may register a case and investigate without a magistrate's order; non-cognizable offences require magistrate's permission.

FIR is registered under Section 173 of the BNSS (earlier Section 154 CrPC); a zero FIR can be filed at any station regardless of jurisdiction.

Arrest rules: a person arrested must be informed of the grounds, allowed to consult a lawyer, and produced before a magistrate within 24 hours (Article 22).

D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) laid down arrest safeguards including a memo of arrest, medical examination and intimation to a friend or relative.

The Kerala Police Act 2011 governs the state police; the state police headquarters is at Thiruvananthapuram and the force is headed by the Director General of Police.

POCSO Act 2012 protects children from sexual offences; the Juvenile Justice Act 2015 deals with children in conflict with law.

The NDPS Act 1985 covers drug offences; the Arms Act 1959 regulates firearms; the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 governs traffic offences.