Kerala SSLC Hindi flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- अनुप्रास अलंकार
- A figure of speech in which the same consonant sound is repeated in nearby words, creating musical effect; e.g., 'चारु चंद्र की चंचल किरणें' repeats 'च'.
- रूपक अलंकार
- A metaphor where one object is directly identified with another without 'सा' or 'जैसा'; e.g., 'चरण-कमल' treats feet as lotuses, not like lotuses.
- उपमा अलंकार
- A simile that compares two things using words like 'सा', 'जैसा', 'सम', or 'तुल्य'; e.g., 'मुख चंद्रमा के समान'.
- वीर रस
- The heroic sentiment evoked by courage, battle, or noble resolve; its स्थायी भाव is उत्साह, and it dominates poems of patriotism and valour.
- करुण रस
- The sentiment of sorrow and compassion, with स्थायी भाव शोक; it arises from loss, separation, or suffering in poetry and prose.
- दीर्घ संधि
- A vowel sandhi where अ/आ meets अ/आ and becomes आ; e.g., विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय. The result is a long vowel.
- गुण संधि
- A vowel sandhi where अ/आ meets इ/ई/उ/ऊ/ऋ and becomes ए/ओ/अर्; e.g., नर + इंद्र = नरेंद्र, सूर्य + उदय = सूर्योदय.
- वृद्धि संधि
- A vowel sandhi where अ/आ meets ए/ऐ and becomes ऐ, or meets ओ/औ and becomes औ; e.g., एक + एक = एकैक, वन + औषधि = वनौषधि.
- तत्पुरुष समास
- A compound in which the second word is primary and the first carries a case relation; e.g., राजपुत्र = राजा का पुत्र (संबंध कारक).
- बहुव्रीहि समास
- A compound where neither word is primary; the whole denotes a third entity; e.g., दशानन = one with ten faces = Ravan.
- द्वंद्व समास
- A compound joining two words of equal status, usually connected by 'और'; e.g., माता-पिता = माता और पिता.
- कर्म कारक
- The case of the object on which the verb's action falls; marked by 'को' or zero postposition; e.g., 'राम ने पत्र लिखा' - पत्र is कर्म.
- करण कारक
- The case of the instrument or means by which an action is done; marked by 'से' or 'के द्वारा'; e.g., 'कलम से लिखा'.
- संप्रदान कारक
- The case of the recipient or beneficiary of an action; marked by 'के लिए' or 'को'; e.g., 'माँ के लिए फल लाए'.
- अपादान कारक
- The case indicating separation or source; marked by 'से' when it means 'from'; e.g., 'पेड़ से पत्ता गिरा'.
- अधिकरण कारक
- The case of place or time where an action occurs; marked by 'में' or 'पर'; e.g., 'मेज़ पर पुस्तक है'.
- कर्मवाच्य
- Passive voice where the object becomes the subject and the verb takes a past-participle form; the original subject takes 'के द्वारा' or 'से'.
- भाववाच्य
- Impersonal voice used when the subject is not emphasized; the verb becomes neuter singular; e.g., 'उससे चला नहीं जाता'.
- मुहावरा
- An idiom whose figurative meaning differs from the literal words; e.g., 'आँखों में धूल झोंकना' means to deceive someone.
- लोकोक्ति
- A proverb expressing a popular truth or wisdom; e.g., 'अंधों में काना राजा' means among the blind, the one-eyed is king.
- पर्यायवाची शब्द
- Words with the same or nearly the same meaning; e.g., 'सूर्य' के पर्यायवाची: रवि, दिनकर, भास्कर, आदित्य.
- विलोम शब्द
- Words with opposite meanings; e.g., 'दिन' का विलोम 'रात', 'सुख' का विलोम 'दुःख'.
- औपचारिक पत्र
- A formal letter with sender's address, date, receiver's address, subject, salutation, body, and closing; used for official communication.
- अनौपचारिक पत्र
- A personal letter to family or friends; includes sender's address, date, informal salutation (प्रिय), body, and closing (तुम्हारा); no subject line.
- सूचना लेखन
- A notice with heading, date, issuing authority, event details (what, when, where, whom), and contact; concise and factual, usually under 50 words.
- रिपोर्ट लेखन
- A factual account in third person past tense with a headline, place/date, and sequence of events; avoids personal opinion.
- अनुच्छेद लेखन
- A short paragraph with one topic sentence, 3–4 supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence; no headings or bullet points.
- निबंध संरचना
- An essay has three parts: प्रस्तावना (introduction), विषय-विस्तार (body with 2–3 points), and उपसंहार (conclusion); aim for 150–200 words.
- गद्य पाठ का संदेश
- The central moral or lesson of a prose lesson, stated in one sentence and supported by one incident from the text.
- चरित्र-चित्रण
- Character sketch: name the character, give two adjectives (e.g., साहसी, दयालु), and cite one action from the text for each.
- अप्रत्यक्ष पाठ बोध
- Unseen passage comprehension: read twice, answer in own words using only passage information, and choose a short phrase for the title.
- हिंदी लिंग-अनुरूपता
- Hindi nouns are masculine or feminine; adjectives and verbs must agree; e.g., 'लड़का अच्छा है' but 'लड़की अच्छी है'.