Karnataka II PUC Business Studies (KSEAB) study plan

Define directing and break it into its four elements (supervision, motivation, leadership, communication), giving one concrete workplace example of each in two or three sentences.

Explain Maslow's need hierarchy from physiological to self-actualisation needs and contrast it with Herzberg's two-factor theory using a six-row comparison table of motivators versus hygiene factors.

Distinguish formal from informal communication and sort eight named barriers to communication into semantic, psychological, organisational and personal categories, stating one removal measure for each barrier.

Evaluate autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire leadership styles against one given business situation, recommending a style and defending the choice in a 100-word paragraph.

Define marketing and differentiate marketing from selling on at least five bases, including scope, focus, aim and starting point.

Construct a complete marketing mix table for one product you use daily, justifying the chosen product features, price, channel and promotion tool with reasons.

Classify fifteen given marketing activities into product, price, place and promotion, and label the branding, labelling and packaging decisions separately.

Explain the functions of packaging (product protection, product identification, convenience, product promotion) and distinguish branding from labelling with two examples of each.

Compare advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity on reach, cost per contact, flexibility and feedback, and state which suits a low-priced FMCG item and which suits high-value machinery.

Define management and defend its classification as an art, a science and a profession with two arguments for each claim, citing the need for judgement, organised body of knowledge and ethical code.

Distinguish the top, middle and supervisory levels of management by the functions performed, the time horizon of decisions and one realistic job title at each level.

State Fayol's fourteen principles in your own words and apply any five of them to a shop or a school you know, naming the principle before describing the application.

Explain Taylor's techniques, including time study, motion study, functional foremanship and differential piece-rate wages, and solve two numerical problems on differential piece rates showing the calculation for below-standard and above-standard output.

Explain coordination as the essence of management and justify why it is described as both a function and an ongoing process.

Draw and label functional and divisional organisational structures from memory and state three merits and three demerits of each with a suitable business example.

Separate delegation from decentralisation on at least five bases and explain the elements of delegation - authority, responsibility and accountability - showing how the three link together.

Arrange the staffing process in the correct sequence and explain each step in one or two lines without referring to notes.

Distinguish recruitment from selection and internal from external sources of recruitment, including two advantages and two limitations of each source.

Compare on-the-job and off-the-job training methods, naming three methods under each head and stating when the HR department should prefer each.

State the three financing decisions and explain at least five factors that affect the capital structure of a company, including cost of debt, risk, cash flow and control.

Distinguish the factors determining fixed capital requirements from those determining working capital requirements, giving four distinct factors under each head.

Solve five textbook numerical problems on capital structure and financial leverage, showing the earnings-per-share calculation before and after the issue of debt.

Classify twelve money market and capital market instruments by the market they belong to, their maturity and their issuer, including treasury bills, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and equity shares.

Explain the primary market and the secondary market and list five regulatory functions of SEBI that protect investors.

Explain the planning process in the correct step order - setting objectives through follow-up action - carrying one single business example from the first step to the last without switching examples.

Distinguish standing plans from single-use plans and classify ten given plans into objectives, strategy, policy, procedure, rule, method and budget.

Explain the limitations of planning and describe the measures management uses to overcome each limitation you list.

Describe the economic, social, technological, political and legal dimensions of the business environment with two current Indian examples under each dimension.

Explain liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation and state three impacts of each on Indian business and consumers.

Explain the steps of the control process in order and state how planning and controlling depend on each other, including what happens when controlling follows a weak plan.

Compare budgetary and non-budgetary control techniques and work through one break-even calculation, identifying the break-even point and the margin of safety.

Explain the six consumer rights with a separate everyday scenario for each right, and outline the three-tier redressal machinery under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 by naming each commission and its jurisdiction.

Match the quality marks ISI, AGMARK, Hallmark and FSSAI to the products they certify and name the authority behind each mark.

Explain the responsibilities of a consumer and the procedure for filing a complaint with supporting documents.

Attempt two full-length 100-mark simulations under timed exam conditions and score at least 60 per cent in each, using the same answer format expected in the board paper.

Revise the twenty concepts flagged most often in your error log, rewriting each in your own words with one example before re-testing yourself.

Write one 5-mark and one 10-mark answer for each of the twelve domains at exam speed, keeping within the time limit allowed per mark.

Eliminate repeat errors by re-attempting every logged mistake and confirming that no error type recurs between the two mock tests.