Karnataka II PUC Electronics (KSEAB) study plan

Derive and sketch the I-V characteristics of a p-n junction from the diode equation, stating what each symbol means and how temperature shifts the curve.

Distinguish avalanche and Zener breakdown by mechanism and doping level, and calculate the change in Zener output voltage for a given Zener resistance and current change.

Compute ripple factor, regulation percentage, and efficiency for half-wave, full-wave centre-tap, and bridge rectifiers, and justify which circuit suits a given load.

Size the smoothing capacitor for a specified ripple voltage given load current, frequency, and supply, and identify the effect of load change on output.

Solve numerical problems on diode clipping and clamping circuits by predicting the output waveform for a stated input amplitude and bias.

Explain the working of LED, photodiode, and solar cell in terms of biasing and carrier behaviour, and state one quantitative performance parameter for each.

Describe BJT construction, doping and area differences between emitter, base, and collector, and explain why the base is thin and lightly doped.

Calculate alpha, beta, and gamma from one another and compute collector, base, and emitter currents in a given bias condition.

Draw and label the input and output characteristics of a BJT in CE configuration and mark the active, saturation, and cut-off regions.

Compare BJT and JFET operation, and identify the terminals, channel type, and pinch-off condition from a stated device description.

Analyse a fixed-bias and a voltage-divider-bias CE circuit, computing quiescent collector current and collector-emitter voltage from the resistor values.

Determine whether a stated Q-point lies in the active region and predict the effect of a beta change on each bias arrangement.

Derive the transconductance relation for a JFET and compute drain current for a given gate-source voltage and pinch-off voltage using the square-law equation.

Explain the MOSFET structure with enhancement and depletion types, and state why the gate is insulated and what that implies for input resistance.

Compute the small-signal voltage gain of a CE amplifier from its transconductance and load resistance, and state the phase relationship between input and output.

Classify amplifier configurations by input and output resistance, current and voltage gain, and state which configuration suits impedance matching at input and output.

Compute gain, input resistance, and output resistance of a two-stage cascaded amplifier from individual stage values.

Distinguish the four negative-feedback topologies by what is sampled and what is mixed, and give one practical use for each.

Calculate the closed-loop gain, bandwidth, and distortion change of a feedback amplifier given open-loop gain and feedback fraction.

Explain how negative feedback alters input and output resistance for series and shunt mixing, and state the trade-off accepted.

Apply the ideal op-amp assumptions to compute output voltage for inverting, non-inverting, summing, and difference amplifier circuits from given resistor values.

Calculate gain and cut-off frequency for an active low-pass and high-pass filter built around an op-amp, and sketch the frequency response.

Explain the Barkhausen criterion and compute the required feedback ratio and frequency for an RC phase-shift and a Wien bridge oscillator.

Compare astable, monostable, and bistable multivibrators by number of stable states, trigger requirement, and output waveform, and compute the astable period from its RC values.

Compute the 555 timer output frequency in astable mode and pulse width in monostable mode from stated component values.

Convert between binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal, and perform 2's-complement addition and subtraction for stated 8-bit numbers.

Reduce Boolean expressions using Boolean algebra and Karnaugh maps, and implement the reduced form with NAND gates only.

Construct truth tables and derive the simplified output expression for half adder, full adder, and 4-to-1 multiplexer circuits.

Distinguish combinational from sequential logic and explain the role of the clock in flip-flops.

Compute the output of a 4-bit shift register and a counter after a stated number of clock pulses, and state how a flip-flop is used as a latch.

Explain amplitude modulation in terms of modulation index, sidebands, and bandwidth, and compute the modulation index and sideband power from stated carrier and modulating amplitudes.

Compare AM, FM, and PM by bandwidth, noise immunity, and application, and state the function of a mixer and an IF stage in a superheterodyne receiver.

Describe the need for modulation, the role of the antenna, and the principle of sky-wave and space-wave propagation with one stated frequency band for each.

Explain the working of an SCR, its latching and turn-off conditions, and compute the firing angle effect on a half-wave controlled rectifier output.

Distinguish a thyristor from a power transistor in switching behaviour, and explain the two operating states of a diac and triac in AC power control.

Explain the working of a moving-coil galvanometer, a CRO, and a digital multimeter, and state what each measures and its main limitation.

Compute the shunt and multiplier resistance needed to extend an ammeter or voltmeter range from stated meter resistance and current.

Describe how a CRO measures amplitude, period, and phase using its time-base and deflection controls, and compute frequency from a stated time-base setting.

Re-solve the highest-error questions from weeks 1-7 on diodes, rectifiers, and logic gates under timed conditions to confirm retention.

Assemble a final one-page formula and constant sheet covering all nine domains for last-day revision.