Actor, object and recipient are different relations
The original examples are “ರಾಮನು ಹಣ್ಣನ್ನು ತಿಂದನು” and “ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರು ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗೆ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಕೊಟ್ಟರು.” A learner identifies the fruit as the actor because it is the most concrete object in the first scene. The same learner then treats the recipient in the second sentence as a tool used for giving. Another learner can translate both sentences loosely but cannot explain the grammatical evidence. The workshop asks for a precise relation-based analysis using the supplied nouns, endings and verbs. There is no need to supply an unrelated rule from Sanskrit or another language. It also asks why changing a noun relation should lead the writer to reread the entire construction rather than assume all existing endings remain correct.
1. Identify the three relevant roles.
Read the worked answer
ರಾಮನು is the actor in the eating sentence, ಹಣ್ಣನ್ನು is what is eaten, and ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗೆ is the recipient in the giving sentence. The book is what is given.
2. What should a revision check?
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Check the intended relation, appropriate noun form and matching verbal construction. A translation alone does not justify labeling a recipient as an instrument or an object as the actor.