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Karnataka II PUC Malayalam (KSEAB) study materials
Karnataka II PUC Malayalam (KSEAB) study resources

Karnataka II PUC Malayalam (KSEAB) practice questions

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Question 1Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prescribed Malayalam prose lesson that opens the Karnataka II PUC anthology, which quality of the narrator's grandmother is emphasised through her daily feeding of village crows and sparrows?

  1. Her wish to earn merit for a temple donation
  2. Her deep compassion for all living creatures Correct answer.
  3. Her dislike of household chores
  4. Her fear of birds entering the house

Explanation

The lesson portrays the grandmother as someone who treats small creatures as part of her family, so feeding crows and sparrows daily reveals her universal compassion. This habit is presented as an expression of her character rather than ritual duty or fear.

Question 2Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

The Malayalam prose piece about the author's village describes the pond near the temple primarily as a place where villagers gather to do what?

  1. Hold market auctions of livestock
  2. Store harvested paddy
  3. Bathe, wash and exchange news Correct answer.
  4. Perform night-long ritual dances

Explanation

In the village essay the temple pond functions as a social centre where people bathe, wash clothes and share the day's news. This everyday use is what gives the pond its importance in the narrative.

Question 3Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

Which feature of the narrator's school in the prose lesson on education is contrasted with his home to show the value of discipline?

  1. The freedom to choose any subject daily
  2. The school's strict timetable and punctuality Correct answer.
  3. The absence of a teacher in the classroom
  4. The large playground behind the building

Explanation

The lesson contrasts the loose routine at home with the school's fixed timetable and insistence on punctuality. This contrast is used to argue that discipline shapes character.

Question 4Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose lesson that narrates a journey by country boat, what does the author chiefly observe about the boatmen's songs?

  1. They are performed for paying passengers
  2. They set the rhythm of rowing and ease fatigue Correct answer.
  3. They are learned from printed songbooks
  4. They are sung only during festivals

Explanation

The author observes that the boatmen's songs keep time with the oars and lighten the burden of long hours of rowing. The songs are thus functional as well as expressive.

Question 5Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

The prose lesson on the monsoon in Kerala links the first rains chiefly to which change in the village economy?

  1. The beginning of paddy transplantation Correct answer.
  2. The end of the school academic year
  3. The closing of all weekly markets
  4. The migration of fishermen to other states

Explanation

The lesson describes the first monsoon showers as the signal for preparing fields and beginning paddy transplantation. Rain is thus tied directly to agricultural activity.

Question 6Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose piece on the author's father, the father's habit of returning library books on time is used to illustrate which trait?

  1. His desire to impress the librarian
  2. His punctuality and respect for rules Correct answer.
  3. His forgetfulness about dates
  4. His preference for buying books

Explanation

Returning borrowed books on the due date is presented as evidence of the father's punctuality and his respect for shared rules. The detail builds the portrait of a disciplined man.

Question 7Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

The prose lesson describing a temple festival in the author's town highlights which activity as the centre of community participation?

  1. The election of the temple committee
  2. The auction of temple land
  3. The preparation and sharing of the community feast Correct answer.
  4. The recitation of accounts by the trustee

Explanation

The festival lesson places the community feast at the heart of the celebration, showing people of all castes and ages cooking and eating together. This shared labour is what the author remembers most.

Question 8Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose lesson on the old Sanskrit school, the teacher's method of teaching verses is described as relying mainly on what?

  1. Written translations distributed to pupils
  2. Oral repetition after the teacher Correct answer.
  3. Silent reading of palm-leaf manuscripts
  4. Group discussion among senior pupils

Explanation

The lesson describes pupils chanting verses aloud after the teacher, line by line, until they memorised them. Oral repetition, not written translation, was the core method.

Question 9Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose lesson about the author's move from village to city, what does the author say he missed most in the city?

  1. The large shops in the market
  2. The open fields and the smell of the soil Correct answer.
  3. The noise of traffic near his house
  4. The tall buildings of the town

Explanation

The author contrasts the city's concrete surroundings with the fields, trees and earthy smells of his village. His nostalgia centres on nature and open space rather than urban comforts.

Question 10Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

The prose lesson on the grandmother's death describes the narrator's reaction in which way?

  1. He refuses to attend the funeral rites
  2. He leaves the house immediately for the city
  3. He weeps loudly in front of the mourners
  4. He remains silent and later feeds the birds himself Correct answer.

Explanation

The narrator's grief is shown through quiet action: he takes over feeding the birds his grandmother used to feed. This restrained detail conveys loss more powerfully than open lamentation.

Question 11Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

Why does the author of the prose lesson on the village fair describe the rope-dancer's performance in such detail?

  1. To compare the dancer with a city circus troupe
  2. To criticise the rope-dancer for charging high fees
  3. To show how village arts held audiences spellbound without modern equipment Correct answer.
  4. To prove that village fairs were poorly organised

Explanation

The detailed description of the rope-dancer emphasises the skill and suspense of a performance achieved with simple materials. The author uses it to celebrate traditional village arts.

Question 12Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose lesson on the author's teacher, the teacher is remembered for correcting the boy's handwriting by doing what?

  1. Asking him to write only in English
  2. Punishing him in front of the class
  3. Holding his hand and guiding the strokes Correct answer.
  4. Making him copy the whole textbook

Explanation

The teacher physically guided the pupil's hand to shape the letters, a patient method the author recalls with gratitude. The emphasis is on affectionate correction rather than punishment.

Question 13Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

The prose lesson on the floods in the author's district shows villagers helping one another chiefly by doing what?

  1. Refusing to leave their flooded homes
  2. Selling drinking water at high prices
  3. Sharing boats and food with stranded families Correct answer.
  4. Waiting for government relief boats

Explanation

The lesson highlights spontaneous mutual aid: villagers rowed boats to rescue neighbours and shared whatever food remained. This solidarity is the central theme of the flood narrative.

Question 14Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose lesson about the author's mother, what role does her kitchen play in the family's life?

  1. It is a place where guests are fed before family members Correct answer.
  2. It is a place where only the mother is allowed
  3. It is a quiet room used only for prayer
  4. It is a storehouse for grain sold in the market

Explanation

The mother's kitchen is described as a place of hospitality where unexpected guests are served first. Her generosity is shown through this everyday practice.

Question 15Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

The prose lesson on the old ferryman portrays him as a man who refuses payment from poor passengers. What does this reveal about the lesson's values?

  1. That ferrymen were poorly paid by the state
  2. That the ferryman feared legal action
  3. That poor passengers were forbidden to travel
  4. That compassion outweighs profit in the author's moral world Correct answer.

Explanation

By refusing fares from those who cannot pay, the ferryman embodies the lesson's belief that human kindness ranks above money. The author presents him as a moral example for readers.

Question 16Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose lesson on the poet's childhood, which incident first awakened his love for Malayalam?

  1. Winning a recitation prize at school
  2. Hearing his mother sing lullabies Correct answer.
  3. Reading a newspaper aloud to his father
  4. Watching a drama in the town hall

Explanation

The lesson traces the poet's love of Malayalam to the lullabies his mother sang, which gave him his first feel for the language's rhythm. The mother's songs are presented as the seed of his later art.

Question 17Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

The prose lesson describing the village market at dawn emphasises which sensory detail most strongly?

  1. The bright electric lights above the stalls
  2. The sound of machines in a nearby factory
  3. The calls of vendors and the smell of fresh produce Correct answer.
  4. The silence of empty shopfronts

Explanation

The dawn market is brought alive through the vendors' cries and the smells of vegetables and fish. These sensory details create the bustle that the author wants readers to feel.

Question 18Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose lesson on the author's struggle to learn English, what does he finally conclude about language learning?

  1. It requires a teacher who speaks no Malayalam
  2. It demands daily practice and freedom from fear of mistakes Correct answer.
  3. It depends mainly on memorising grammar rules
  4. It is possible only for children under ten

Explanation

The author concludes that steady practice and the courage to speak imperfectly matter more than memorised rules. His own experience of overcoming shyness supports this view.

Question 19Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

The prose lesson on the temple elephant describes the animal's response to the mahout's voice as an example of what?

  1. The bond of trust between animal and keeper Correct answer.
  2. The elephant's indifference to humans
  3. The mahout's use of force
  4. The elephant's fear of crowds

Explanation

The elephant calms and obeys at the sound of the mahout's voice, showing a relationship built on familiarity and trust. The lesson uses this to reflect on gentleness in handling animals.

Question 20Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

How does the author of the prose lesson on the harvest festival connect the festival to the idea of gratitude?

  1. By showing that farmers thank the earth before enjoying the harvest Correct answer.
  2. By insisting that only landowners may celebrate
  3. By describing the festival as a purely religious rite
  4. By arguing that festivals should be abolished

Explanation

The lesson presents the harvest festival as an occasion for farmers to express gratitude to the earth and to those who helped in the fields. Celebration follows acknowledgement of nature's gift.

Question 21Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose lesson on the author's grandfather, why is the old wooden chest treated as a symbol rather than a mere object?

  1. It holds the family's land documents and jewellery
  2. It was made by a famous carpenter in the town
  3. It carries memories of generations and their stories Correct answer.
  4. It is the only furniture left in the house

Explanation

The chest is opened rarely, and each object inside prompts a story about an ancestor, so it comes to stand for family memory itself. Its value lies in remembrance, not in its contents' price.

Question 22Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

The prose lesson about the village temple's annual reading of the epics suggests that the practice served which larger social purpose?

  1. Replacing formal schooling for children
  2. Raising funds for the temple treasury
  3. Keeping the community literate in a shared moral vocabulary Correct answer.
  4. Settling property disputes among families

Explanation

Public recitation of the epics gave villagers, including those with little schooling, a common store of stories and moral reference points. The lesson treats this as a form of shared education.

Question 23Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose lesson on the author's first job in a printing press, which lesson does the author draw from setting type by hand?

  1. That machines will always replace craftsmen
  2. That reading is unnecessary for a typesetter
  3. That speed matters more than accuracy
  4. That patience and care give lasting value to work Correct answer.

Explanation

Hand-setting type taught the author that careful, patient work produces something durable, unlike hurried labour. He uses the experience to praise craftsmanship over mere speed.

Question 24Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

The prose lesson on the author's return to his village after years in the city ends with which realisation?

  1. That the village had changed more than he had Correct answer.
  2. That he now belonged fully to the city
  3. That the village should be modernised at once
  4. That his childhood memories were false

Explanation

The author finds new buildings and unfamiliar faces, and realises the village has moved on while his memory stayed fixed. The ending reflects on change and the gap between memory and present reality.

Question 25Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

Which statement best captures the central theme shared by the prose lessons about the grandmother, the ferryman and the mother's kitchen?

  1. Wealth determines a person's standing in the village
  2. Formal education is the only path to wisdom
  3. Quiet everyday kindness shapes a community's moral life Correct answer.
  4. Tradition must give way to modern habits

Explanation

Across these lessons, small acts of generosity by ordinary people are shown to hold the community together. The authors value such kindness above status, schooling or novelty.

Question 26Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the PUC Malayalam prose lessons, the gadya (prose) pieces are studied chiefly to develop which skill alongside comprehension?

  1. Translation of administrative circulars
  2. Recitation of classical music notations
  3. Memorisation of grammatical declension tables
  4. Appreciation of literary style and the author's craft Correct answer.

Explanation

The prose lessons in the prescribed Malayalam textbook are literary essays and narratives, so the study aim is to read closely, grasp ideas and appreciate the writer's language and technique. Grammar tables and music notation belong to other areas of the course, and official circulars are outside the literary syllabus.

Question 27Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

A typical Malayalam prose lesson of the type prescribed for the PUC course is best identified by which feature?

  1. It is an anonymous folk song passed down orally
  2. It is a table of synonyms arranged alphabetically
  3. It is composed entirely in verse with a fixed metre
  4. It is written in narrative or reflective prose by a named author Correct answer.

Explanation

Gadya means prose, so a lesson in this section is a piece of prose writing, generally an essay, memoir or story, attributed to a particular author. Verse compositions, folk songs and word lists belong to other categories of the textbook.

Question 28Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

When a prose lesson opens with a vivid description of a place before introducing people, what is the writer most likely aiming to achieve?

  1. Proving that the setting is historically documented
  2. Showing that the writer dislikes characters and prefers scenery
  3. Establishing the atmosphere in which the later events will be understood Correct answer.
  4. Delaying the reader so that the lesson becomes longer

Explanation

A descriptive opening builds the mood and social world of the lesson, so that the characters and events that follow are read in context. It is a deliberate narrative choice, not padding, and it does not imply preference for scenery over people.

Question 29Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose lessons, the use of the first person 'njan' by a narrator most directly helps the reader to do what?

  1. Learn the formal rules of Malayalam syntax
  2. Identify the author with a historical ruler
  3. Share the narrator's personal perspective and feelings Correct answer.
  4. Verify the factual accuracy of every statement

Explanation

First-person narration places the reader inside the narrator's experience, giving access to personal thoughts and emotions. It does not by itself guarantee factual accuracy, nor does it identify the narrator with a ruler or teach grammar.

Question 30Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

A prose lesson describes an old man who speaks little but acts generously. Which method is the writer using to reveal character?

  1. Allegorical naming of the character
  2. Indirect characterisation through action and speech Correct answer.
  3. Statistical description of the character's income
  4. Direct authorial commentary on the character's goodness

Explanation

When character is shown through what a person does and says rather than through explicit authorial labels, the technique is indirect characterisation. Readers infer generosity from behaviour, which is more persuasive than the author simply asserting it.

Question 31Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In a reflective prose essay, a writer recalls an event from childhood and then comments on its meaning. What does the comment add to the narrative?

  1. It replaces the event with an unrelated anecdote
  2. It proves the event never actually happened
  3. It draws a general insight from the remembered experience Correct answer.
  4. It converts the essay into a formal speech

Explanation

Reflective essays move from a remembered incident to the lesson or insight the writer now draws from it, so the comment universalises the experience. The recollection remains the base of the essay and is not replaced or denied.

Question 32Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

A prose lesson repeats the image of a lamp burning through the night. In literary analysis this repetition is best described as what?

  1. A sign that the writer has no vocabulary
  2. A printing error that should be ignored
  3. A recurring image that carries symbolic meaning Correct answer.
  4. A grammatical mistake in the text

Explanation

Deliberate repetition of an image is a literary device that builds symbolic resonance, often suggesting hope, endurance or memory. It is an artistic choice, not an error or a sign of limited vocabulary.

Question 33Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

Which feature most clearly marks a prose lesson as an autobiographical memoir rather than a short story?

  1. The narrator recounts remembered events of his own life Correct answer.
  2. The text contains dialogue between characters
  3. The text describes a rural setting
  4. The text has a clear beginning and ending

Explanation

A memoir is distinguished by the narrator's recollection of his own lived experience, presented as memory rather than invention. Dialogue, structure and rural setting can appear in fiction too, so they do not by themselves identify the genre.

Question 34Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

A prose lesson presents a village custom without explaining it, assuming the reader knows it. What does this suggest about the intended reader?

  1. The reader is expected to share the cultural world of the text Correct answer.
  2. The reader is expected to be a foreign tourist
  3. The reader is expected to reject the custom
  4. The reader is expected to be the author's editor

Explanation

Unexplained cultural references imply an implied reader who belongs to, or is familiar with, that culture. The writer relies on shared knowledge rather than glossing every custom for outsiders.

Question 35Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose lessons, satire is usually directed at social habits. Which effect does the satirical writer most often seek?

  1. Reform of the habit through laughter and exposure Correct answer.
  2. Admiration for the habit being mocked
  3. Confusion about the writer's own opinion
  4. Complete silence about social problems

Explanation

Satire uses humour and irony to expose folly and provoke reform, so the writer's target is clear even while the tone is comic. The aim is correction through ridicule, not concealment or admiration of the fault.

Question 36Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

A prose writer quotes a proverb in the middle of a personal narrative. What is the most likely purpose of the quotation?

  1. To link the personal experience with shared popular wisdom Correct answer.
  2. To introduce a completely new character
  3. To change the narrative into a dictionary entry
  4. To display the writer's knowledge of foreign languages

Explanation

Proverbs carry collective wisdom, so quoting one lets the writer connect an individual experience to a wider, commonly accepted truth. It is a rhetorical link, not a display of foreign languages or a change of genre.

Question 37Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

A prose lesson contrasts the pace of village life with the rush of city life. Which prose technique is being used?

  1. Alliteration for musical effect
  2. Contrast as an organising device to highlight values Correct answer.
  3. Rhyme to close each paragraph
  4. Footnote citation of sources

Explanation

Setting two ways of life against each other is contrast, a structural device that throws the writer's values into relief. Alliteration and rhyme are sound devices, and footnotes belong to scholarship, not to this kind of contrast.

Question 38Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

When a prose lesson ends with a question rather than a firm conclusion, what effect is usually created?

  1. The characters are shown to be unreal
  2. The writer admits the lesson has no content
  3. The reader is invited to reflect and form a view Correct answer.
  4. The narrative is revealed to be a dream

Explanation

An open ending with a question hands the interpretive work to the reader, encouraging reflection after the text closes. It does not mean the lesson lacks content, nor does it imply that the events were a dream or the characters unreal.

Question 39Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

A prose lesson describes the speech of a village character in local dialect. What does this chiefly contribute to the lesson?

  1. Speed of reading for the examinee
  2. Grammatical correctness of the narrative
  3. Accuracy of historical dates
  4. Authenticity of setting and social identity Correct answer.

Explanation

Dialect in dialogue locates a character in a particular region and social world, making the portrayal credible. It is a device of realism and identity, not a claim about grammatical correctness or historical dating.

Question 40Prose (Gadya) - prescribed textbook lessons

In the prose section, distinguishing the author of a lesson from the narrator of that lesson matters because it helps the reader to do what?

  1. Learn the author's date of birth
  2. Decide whether the lesson is prose or poetry
  3. Judge how much of the narration is shaped by literary art Correct answer.
  4. Assume the narrator is always a stranger

Explanation

Even in autobiographical writing the narrator is a constructed voice, so separating author from narrator lets the reader notice selection, emphasis and artistry. It does not require assuming the narrator is a stranger, and it is unrelated to biographical dates or to the prose-poetry distinction.

Question 41Poetry (Padyam) - prescribed textbook poems

ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ದ್ವಿತೀಯ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಪಠ್ಯಪುಸ್ತಕದ ಪದ್ಯ ವಿಭಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ 'ಪದ್ಯಂ' ಎಂಬ ಪದವು ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಯಾವುದು?

  1. ಗದ್ಯ ಕಥೆ
  2. ಪ್ರಬಂಧ
  3. ನಾಟಕ
  4. ಪದ್ಯ (ಕವನ) Correct answer.

Explanation

ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯದಲ್ಲಿ 'ಪದ್ಯಂ' ಎಂಬುದು ಪದ್ಯರೂಪದ ಕವನವನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ಪ್ರಕಾರನಾಮ. ಪಠ್ಯಪುಸ್ತಕದ ಪದ್ಯ ವಿಭಾಗವು ಕವನಗಳಿಗೆ ಮೀಸಲಾದ ಭಾಗವಾಗಿದೆ. ಗದ್ಯ, ನಾಟಕ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಬಂಧಗಳು ಬೇರೆ ಪ್ರಕಾರಗಳು.

Question 42Poetry (Padyam) - prescribed textbook poems

ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಕವನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರತಿ ಸಾಲಿನ ಕೊನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಉಂಟಾಗುವ ಧ್ವನಿ ಹೊಂದಾಣಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ಪದ ಯಾವುದು?

  1. ಛಂದಸ್ಸು
  2. ಪ್ರಾಸ Correct answer.
  3. ಅಲಂಕಾರ
  4. ರಸ

Explanation

ಪ್ರಾಸವು ಸಾಲಿನ ಅಂತ್ಯದ ಧ್ವನಿ ಹೊಂದಾಣಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ, ಇದು ಕವನದ ಸಂಗೀತಗುಣವನ್ನು ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಛಂದಸ್ಸು ಗಣ ಮತ್ತು ಮಾತ್ರೆಗಳ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ, ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಅರ್ಥಾಲಂಕಾರ, ರಸ ಭಾವಾನುಭವ. ಹೀಗಾಗಿ ಧ್ವನಿ ಹೊಂದಾಣಿಕೆಗೆ ಪ್ರಾಸವೇ ಸರಿಯಾದ ಪದ.

Question 43Poetry (Padyam) - prescribed textbook poems

'ಕಾವ್ಯಂ' ಎಂಬ ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಪದದ ಸರಿಯಾದ ಅರ್ಥ ಯಾವುದು?

  1. ಛಂದಸ್ಸು
  2. ನಿಘಂಟು
  3. ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ
  4. ಕಾವ್ಯ Correct answer.

Explanation

'ಕಾವ್ಯಂ' ಎಂಬುದು ಕಾವ್ಯವನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಪದ. ಇದು ಪದ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಗದ್ಯ ಎರಡೂ ರೂಪಗಳ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಕೃತಿಗೆ ಅನ್ವಯಿಸಬಹುದು. ಉಳಿದ ಪದಗಳು ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ, ನಿಘಂಟು ಮತ್ತು ಛಂದಸ್ಸಿಗೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿವೆ.

Question 44Poetry (Padyam) - prescribed textbook poems

ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಕವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಪಮಾನ ಮತ್ತು ಉಪಮೇಯಗಳ ನಡುವೆ 'ಪೋಲೆ' ಎಂಬ ಪದದಿಂದ ನೇರ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಮಾಡುವ ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಯಾವುದು?

  1. ಅತಿಶಯೋಕ್ತಿ
  2. ರೂಪಕಂ
  3. ಉಪಮಾನಂ Correct answer.
  4. ವ್ಯತಿರೇಕ

Explanation

ಉಪಮಾನ ಅಲಂಕಾರದಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡು ವಸ್ತುಗಳನ್ನು 'ಪೋಲೆ', 'ಪೋಲುಂ' ಮುಂತಾದ ಹೋಲಿಕಾ ಪದಗಳಿಂದ ನೇರವಾಗಿ ಹೋಲಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ರೂಪಕದಲ್ಲಿ ಹೋಲಿಕೆಯ ಪದವಿಲ್ಲದೆ ಒಂದನ್ನು ಇನ್ನೊಂದಾಗಿ ಹೇಳಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಅತಿಶಯೋಕ್ತಿ ಮತ್ತು ವ್ಯತಿರೇಕ ಬೇರೆ ಅಲಂಕಾರಗಳು.

Question 45Poetry (Padyam) - prescribed textbook poems

ಕವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸುವ 'ಗುರು' ಮತ್ತು 'ಲಘು' ಎಂಬ ಪದಗಳು ಯಾವ ಅಂಶಕ್ಕೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿವೆ?

  1. ಛಂದಸ್ಸಿನ ಮಾತ್ರೆ Correct answer.
  2. ಪ್ರಾಸ
  3. ವೃತ್ತದ ಹೆಸರು
  4. ರಸ

Explanation

ಗುರು ಮತ್ತು ಲಘು ಎಂಬುವು ಛಂದಸ್ಸಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳ ಉಚ್ಚಾರಣಾ ಅವಧಿಯನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತವೆ; ಗುರು ಎರಡು ಮಾತ್ರೆ, ಲಘು ಒಂದು ಮಾತ್ರೆ. ಈ ಮಾತ್ರೆಗಳ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದಿಂದ ಗಣ ಮತ್ತು ವೃತ್ತಗಳು ರೂಪುಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತವೆ. ಪ್ರಾಸ ಮತ್ತು ರಸ ಬೇರೆ ಕಾವ್ಯಾಂಶಗಳು.

Question 46Poetry (Padyam) - prescribed textbook poems

ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಕವನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ 'ಆಶುಕವಿತೆ' ಎಂದರೆ ಯಾವ ರೀತಿಯ ಕವನ?

  1. ತಕ್ಷಣ improvisation ಮಾಡಿ ಹೇಳುವ ಕವನ Correct answer.
  2. ಗದ್ಯರೂಪದ ಕವನ
  3. ಗದ್ಯ ಕಥೆ
  4. ಅನುವಾದಿತ ಕವನ

Explanation

ಆಶುಕವಿತೆ ಎಂದರೆ ಕವಿಯು ತಕ್ಷಣವೇ, ಪೂರ್ವಸಿದ್ಧತೆಯಿಲ್ಲದೆ ಹೇಳುವ ಕವನ. ಇದು ಮೌಖಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ಕವಿಗೋಷ್ಠಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಚಲಿತ. ಇದು ಗದ್ಯರೂಪ, ಅನುವಾದ ಅಥವಾ ಕಥೆ ಅಲ್ಲ.

Question 47Poetry (Padyam) - prescribed textbook poems

ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಕಾವ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ 'ಹೃದಯಸ್ಪರ್ಶಿ ಭಾವ' ಎಂಬ ಅರ್ಥದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸುವ 'ಭಾವಂ' ಎಂಬ ಪದ ಯಾವ ಅಂಶಕ್ಕೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿದೆ?

  1. ಛಂದಸ್ಸಿನ ಗಣ
  2. ಪ್ರಾಸದ ಜೋಡಿ
  3. ವ್ಯಾಕರಣದ ಸಂಧಿ
  4. ಕವನದ ಭಾವನಾತ್ಮಕ ಒಳಾರ್ಥ Correct answer.

Explanation

'ಭಾವಂ' ಎಂಬುದು ಕವನದ ಭಾವನಾತ್ಮಕ ಒಳಾರ್ಥ ಅಥವಾ ಭಾವವನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ರಸಾನುಭವಕ್ಕೆ ಆಧಾರವಾಗಿದೆ. ಛಂದಸ್ಸಿನ ಗಣ, ಪ್ರಾಸ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಧಿ ಬೇರೆ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಂಶಗಳು.

Question 48Poetry (Padyam) - prescribed textbook poems

ಕವನದಲ್ಲಿ 'ನಾಯಿಕ' ಎಂಬ ಪಾತ್ರ ಯಾವುದನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ?

  1. ಸಖಿ
  2. ರಾಜ
  3. ಕವಿಯ ಗುರು
  4. ಕವನದ ನಾಯಕಿ Correct answer.

Explanation

ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ-ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಕಾವ್ಯ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನಾಯಿಕ ಎಂಬುದು ಕವನದ ನಾಯಕಿ, ಅಂದರೆ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ಪಾತ್ರ. ನಾಯಕನು ಪುರುಷ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಪಾತ್ರ. ಗುರು, ರಾಜ ಮತ್ತು ಸಖಿ ಬೇರೆ ಪಾತ್ರಗಳು.

Question 49Poetry (Padyam) - prescribed textbook poems

ಒಂದು ಕವನದ ಸಾಲುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉದ್ದೇಶಪೂರ್ವಕವಾಗಿ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿಸುವ ಪದ ಅಥವಾ ಪದಗುಚ್ಛವನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಕಾವ್ಯ ಪರಿಭಾಷೆ ಯಾವುದು?

  1. ಪಲ್ಲವಿ Correct answer.
  2. ಚರಣಂ
  3. ವೃತ್ತಂ
  4. ಗಣಂ

Explanation

ಪಲ್ಲವಿ ಎಂಬುದು ಕವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಅಥವಾ ಗೀತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿಸುವ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಸಾಲು ಅಥವಾ ಪದಗುಚ್ಛ. ಚರಣ ಎಂಬುದು ಚರಣ ಅಥವಾ ಪಾದ, ವೃತ್ತ ಛಂದಸ್ಸಿನ ರೂಪ, ಗಣ ಮಾತ್ರೆಗಳ ಗುಂಪು. ಹೀಗಾಗಿ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆಗೆ ಪಲ್ಲವಿಯೇ ಸರಿ.

Question 50Poetry (Padyam) - prescribed textbook poems

ಕವನದಲ್ಲಿ 'ಅನುಪ್ರಾಸ' ಎಂದರೆ ಯಾವ ರೀತಿಯ ಧ್ವನಿ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ?

  1. ಪದ್ಯದ ಅಂತ್ಯದ ಪ್ರಾಸ
  2. ಸಾಲಿನೊಳಗೆ ಒಂದೇ ವ್ಯಂಜನದ ಆವರ್ತನ Correct answer.
  3. ಸಾಲಿನ ಆರಂಭದ ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ
  4. ಸಾಲಿನ ಕೊನೆಯ ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ

Explanation

ಅನುಪ್ರಾಸವು ಒಂದೇ ಸಾಲಿನೊಳಗೆ ಒಂದೇ ವ್ಯಂಜನ ಅಥವಾ ಧ್ವನಿಯ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆಯಿಂದ ಉಂಟಾಗುವ ಶಬ್ದಾಲಂಕಾರ. ಇದು ಸಾಲಿನ ಆರಂಭ ಅಥವಾ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಸೀಮಿತವಲ್ಲ. ಸಾಲಿನ ಅಂತ್ಯದ ಧ್ವನಿ ಹೊಂದಾಣಿಕೆ ಪ್ರಾಸ.