Karnataka II PUC Telugu (KSEAB) flashcards

36 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Gadyam

Telugu prose; in the Karnataka II PUC syllabus it covers essays, short stories, biographical sketches and autobiographical extracts, each with a named author and source.

Vyangya

Satire or irony used in prose lessons to attack social evils such as dowry and caste prejudice indirectly, through mock praise or exaggeration rather than open condemnation.

Mukhya bhava

The central idea of a prose lesson; a full answer states the author's purpose and supports it with one incident or line from the text.

Charitra

Biographical prose; it presents a reformer or writer through key life events, and questions target the subject's contribution rather than dates alone.

Padyam

Telugu verse; each prescribed verse carries a poet, a source work and a metre, and answers are structured as meaning, implied ideas and figure of speech.

Chandassu

Metre in Telugu poetry; identified by the number of units per line and the position of the pause, with kandam and ataveladi among the most tested types.

Prasa

A sound figure in which the second syllable of each line in a verse is identical; it is checked on the second syllable, not the first.

Yamakam

Repetition of an identical syllable group within a verse; it differs from prasa because the whole group repeats, not only the second syllable.

Ataveladi

A Telugu metre with four units per line in which the second and fourth units are longer; metre questions ask for unit count and pause position.

Kavi parichayam

Poet introduction; the answer gives period, language, major works and one assessed comment on style, and is kept separate from verse appreciation.

Non-detailed text

The supplementary reader examined for plot, character, theme and incident recall; answers are shorter than prose answers but cover the whole prescribed book.

Justify the title

A non-detailed text question requiring the literal meaning of the title plus its figurative link to the central conflict of the book.

Sandhi

Junction of sounds at word boundaries; prescribed types include akara, ikara, ukara, yanadesa, guna, vriddhi, dvitva and visarga sandhi.

Guna sandhi

Vowel junction where a or aa before i or ee gives e, before u or oo gives o, and before ri gives ar, as in deva plus rishi becoming devarshi.

Vriddhi sandhi

Vowel junction where a or aa before e gives ai and before o gives au; the resulting vowel is the strengthened form of the first vowel.

Yanadesa sandhi

Junction in which i, ee, u, oo or ri before a dissimilar vowel becomes y, v or r, as in iti plus api becoming ityapi.

Bahuvrihi samasa

A compound that denotes a possessor rather than its members; the test is whether the compound answers who or what has the quality.

Dvandva samasa

A compound listing members joined by and; the whole compound carries a plural sense, as with paired nouns such as mother and father.

Vibhakti

Grammatical case in Telugu, identified by question words such as who, what and where, mapped from nominative through vocative across eight cases.

Official letter format

Order: sender address, date, addressee designation and address, subject line, salutation, body, formal closing and signature; unlike a personal letter it carries a subject.

Saramsham

A precis or summary; it keeps the original order of ideas, reduces the passage to about one third, and introduces no idea absent from the source.

Sukti vistaram

Expansion of a proverb or maxim; the answer gives the literal sense, one illustration and a closing moral statement.

Anuvadam

Translation; the usual directions are English to Telugu and Kannada to Telugu, preserving tense and number while adjusting to Telugu subject-object-verb order.

SOV order

The Telugu sentence pattern of subject, object and verb; translated output is rearranged into this order even when the source language uses another order.

Paryayapadalu

Synonyms; each prompt is answered with a single equivalent Telugu word, since extra words risk being marked wrong in vocabulary items.

Nanaarthalu

Single words carrying several meanings, such as hari meaning Vishnu, Indra, lion or monkey; the answer gives the senses the question requires.

Vyutpatti

Etymology of a word; the answer states the root, then the suffix, then the resulting meaning, in that order.

Sametalu

Telugu proverbs; they are answered with the figurative meaning plus one sentence showing how the proverb applies in context.

Nudigattu

Telugu idiom; a fixed phrase whose meaning is figurative and cannot be derived from its parts, so literal glosses are marked wrong.

Rasa

The dominant emotional flavour of a verse; the nine rasas include shringara, karuna, veera, hasya and shanta, and only one is named per verse.

Dhvani

The suggested sense of a literary passage beyond its literal statement; in appreciation answers it is stated separately from the literal meaning.

Upama alankara

Simile; two objects from different classes are compared explicitly using words such as la, vale or vanti, so the comparison word is the identifying test.

Rupaka alankara

Metaphor; two objects are identified without any comparison word, so the implied identity rather than resemblance marks the figure.

Atishayokti alankara

Hyperbole; the statement is exaggerated for effect, and the test is whether a literal reading of the line is impossible.

Shlesha alankara

Pun; one sound sequence yields two coherent meanings that fit two different subjects, which distinguishes it from mere repetition of sounds.

Arthantaranyasa

A figure in which a general truth is stated to illustrate a particular case in the same verse; the general line usually closes the verse.