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KSEAB SSLC Political Science study materials
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KSEAB SSLC Political Science practice questions

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Question 1Indian Constitution and Its Features

The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on which date?

  1. 9 December 1946
  2. 15 August 1947
  3. 26 November 1949 Correct answer.
  4. 26 January 1950

Explanation

The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949, a date now observed as Constitution Day. The document, however, came into force on 26 January 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day. The two dates serve different constitutional purposes and should not be confused.

Question 2Indian Constitution and Its Features

Which body was responsible for drafting the Constitution of India?

  1. The Planning Commission
  2. The Supreme Court of India
  3. The Parliament of India
  4. The Constituent Assembly Correct answer.

Explanation

The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, a body of elected representatives that deliberated over nearly three years. Parliament came into existence only after the Constitution took effect, so it could not have drafted the document. The Supreme Court and Planning Commission were also created later under constitutional or statutory provisions.

Question 3Indian Constitution and Its Features

Who is regarded as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution and chaired the Drafting Committee?

  1. Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. Rajendra Prasad
  3. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
  4. B. R. Ambedkar Correct answer.

Explanation

Dr B. R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee and played the central role in shaping the constitutional text, earning the title of chief architect. Nehru and Patel were influential members but did not chair the Drafting Committee. Rajendra Prasad presided over the Constituent Assembly itself rather than the Drafting Committee.

Question 4Indian Constitution and Its Features

India is described as a 'Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic' in which part of the Constitution?

  1. Article 1
  2. The Fundamental Duties
  3. The Seventh Schedule
  4. The Preamble Correct answer.

Explanation

The Preamble declares India to be a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic. The words 'socialist' and 'secular' were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. Article 1 deals with the name and territory of the Union, while the Seventh Schedule lists subjects of legislation.

Question 5Indian Constitution and Its Features

Which feature allows the Constitution of India to be amended without a complete re-writing?

  1. Flexible and rigid amendment procedure Correct answer.
  2. Judicial review
  3. Single citizenship
  4. Rigid constitution

Explanation

The Constitution provides a blend of flexible and rigid amendment procedures under Article 368. Some provisions can be changed by a simple parliamentary majority, while others need a special majority and ratification by states. This balance lets the document evolve without being replaced entirely.

Question 6Indian Constitution and Its Features

The division of powers between the Union and States is laid down in which Schedule of the Constitution?

  1. Ninth Schedule
  2. Seventh Schedule Correct answer.
  3. Fifth Schedule
  4. Tenth Schedule

Explanation

The Seventh Schedule contains three lists: the Union List, the State List and the Concurrent List. These lists distribute legislative subjects between Parliament and the State Legislatures. The Fifth Schedule deals with scheduled areas, the Ninth with land reform laws, and the Tenth with anti-defection provisions.

Question 7Indian Constitution and Its Features

A subject such as education, forests and marriage appears in the Concurrent List. What does this mean for law-making?

  1. Only State Legislatures may legislate on it
  2. Only the President may legislate on it through ordinances
  3. Only Parliament may legislate on it
  4. Both Parliament and State Legislatures may legislate, with Union law prevailing in case of conflict Correct answer.

Explanation

Concurrent List subjects can be legislated upon by both Parliament and State Legislatures. If their laws conflict, the Union law generally prevails under Article 254, unless the state law has received presidential assent. This arrangement allows uniformity on matters of common concern while respecting state initiative.

Question 8Indian Constitution and Its Features

Which of the following is a Fundamental Right guaranteed by the Constitution of India?

  1. Right to equality before the law Correct answer.
  2. Right to hold a government job
  3. Right to property
  4. Right to free higher education

Explanation

The Right to Equality before the law is guaranteed under Article 14 as part of the Fundamental Rights. The right to property was removed as a Fundamental Right by the 44th Amendment and is now a legal right under Article 300A. Free higher education and guaranteed government employment are not Fundamental Rights.

Question 9Indian Constitution and Its Features

A citizen is denied admission to a state-run school because of caste. Which Fundamental Right is most directly violated?

  1. Right to Freedom of Religion
  2. Cultural and Educational Rights
  3. Right against Exploitation
  4. Right to Equality Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 15 of the Right to Equality prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth in access to public places and institutions. Denial of admission by a state-run school on caste grounds is therefore an equality violation. The other rights address religion, exploitation and minority culture respectively.

Question 10Indian Constitution and Its Features

Which writ is issued by a court to a public authority that has failed to perform a duty imposed by law?

  1. Mandamus Correct answer.
  2. Habeas Corpus
  3. Certiorari
  4. Quo Warranto

Explanation

Mandamus literally means 'we command' and directs a public authority to perform a legal duty it has neglected. Habeas Corpus protects personal liberty, Quo Warranto questions the holding of a public office, and Certiorari quashes an order of a lower court or tribunal.

Question 11Indian Constitution and Its Features

The Directive Principles of State Policy are best described as which kind of provisions?

  1. Fundamental Duties of citizens
  2. Non-justiciable guidelines for state policy Correct answer.
  3. Emergency provisions
  4. Enforceable in courts like Fundamental Rights

Explanation

Directive Principles, found in Part IV, guide the state in making policies aimed at social and economic welfare. Article 37 expressly states that they are not enforceable in any court. They are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and help courts interpret laws.

Question 12Indian Constitution and Its Features

A state government wishes to frame a policy for the welfare of workers and public health. Which constitutional part most directly guides such policy?

  1. Part XVIII on Emergency
  2. Part III on Fundamental Rights
  3. Part IV on Directive Principles Correct answer.
  4. Part XX on Amendment

Explanation

Part IV contains Directive Principles that direct the state toward welfare goals such as public health, living wages and social security. These principles are expressly meant to guide legislation and policy. Fundamental Rights limit state action, while Part XVIII and Part XX deal with emergencies and amendment procedure.

Question 13Indian Constitution and Its Features

Which of the following is listed as a Fundamental Duty in Article 51A?

  1. To protect and improve the natural environment Correct answer.
  2. To vote in every election
  3. To join the armed forces
  4. To pay taxes regularly

Explanation

Article 51A includes the duty to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife. Paying taxes, joining the armed forces and voting are civic or legal obligations but are not enumerated Fundamental Duties. Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.

Question 14Indian Constitution and Its Features

The office of the President of India is best described in the Constitution as which of the following?

  1. The presiding officer of Parliament
  2. The real executive head of government
  3. The constitutional head of state acting on ministerial advice Correct answer.
  4. The head of the judiciary

Explanation

The President is the constitutional head of state, and Article 74 requires the President to act on the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. Real executive power rests with the Council of Ministers. The President is not part of the judiciary nor an officer presiding over parliamentary proceedings.

Question 15Indian Constitution and Its Features

Which article of the Constitution provides for the establishment of a Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President?

  1. Article 52
  2. Article 79
  3. Article 76
  4. Article 74 Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 74 provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President. Its advice is binding, though the President may ask for reconsideration once. Article 52 creates the office of President, Article 76 the Attorney General, and Article 79 deals with the Constitution of Parliament.

Question 16Indian Constitution and Its Features

Which House of Parliament is called the Council of States and represents the states and union territories?

  1. Rajya Sabha Correct answer.
  2. Lok Sabha
  3. Vidhan Sabha
  4. Gram Panchayat

Explanation

The Rajya Sabha is the Council of States and represents states and union territories, with members elected by elected members of State Legislative Assemblies. The Lok Sabha is the House of the People, directly elected by voters. Vidhan Sabha and Gram Panchayat are state and local bodies, not Houses of Parliament.

Question 17Indian Constitution and Its Features

The Supreme Court of India is described as the guardian of the Constitution primarily because of which power?

  1. Power to appoint governors
  2. Power of judicial review Correct answer.
  3. Power to conduct elections
  4. Power to levy taxes

Explanation

Judicial review allows the Supreme Court to examine laws and executive actions for conformity with the Constitution and to declare them void if they violate it. This power makes the Court the guardian of the Constitution. Conducting elections, levying taxes and appointing governors belong to other constitutional authorities.

Question 18Indian Constitution and Its Features

Which of the following best explains why India is called a 'secular' state?

  1. Religious bodies control state policy
  2. Religious instruction is compulsory in all schools
  3. The state does not favour any religion and treats all religions equally Correct answer.
  4. The state has an official religion

Explanation

Indian secularism means the state has no religion of its own and treats all religions with equal respect, while allowing the state to intervene for reform. Articles 25 to 28 guarantee freedom of religion. The Constitution does not establish a state religion, nor does it permit religious bodies to control state policy.

Question 19Indian Constitution and Its Features

Which of the following features shows that the Indian Constitution provides for a federal system with a strong Centre?

  1. Written constitution
  2. Appointment of the Governor by the President Correct answer.
  3. Independent judiciary
  4. Single citizenship

Explanation

The Governor is appointed by the President and acts as the Centre's representative in the state, reflecting the Constitution's unitary tilt. Emergency provisions and the Union's power over the Concurrent List also strengthen the Centre. Single citizenship, a written constitution and an independent judiciary are general features but do not by themselves indicate central dominance.

Question 20Indian Constitution and Its Features

Universal adult franchise in India means which of the following?

  1. Only property owners may vote
  2. All citizens aged eighteen and above may vote without discrimination Correct answer.
  3. Only men may vote
  4. Only educated citizens may vote

Explanation

Universal adult franchise grants every citizen who has attained the age of eighteen the right to vote, irrespective of caste, sex, religion, education or property. The voting age was lowered from twenty-one to eighteen by the 61st Amendment in 1988. Restrictions based on property, education or sex contradict this principle.

Question 21Indian Constitution and Its Features

The Election Commission of India is constituted under which provision of the Constitution?

  1. Article 370
  2. Article 324 Correct answer.
  3. Article 356
  4. Article 44

Explanation

Article 324 provides for the superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission. Article 356 deals with President's Rule, Article 370 concerned special status for Jammu and Kashmir, and Article 44 contains the Directive Principle on a uniform civil code.

Question 22Indian Constitution and Its Features

Which of the following is an example of a constitutional amendment that required ratification by the states?

  1. A change in the number of judges of a high court
  2. A change in the salary of judges
  3. An amendment to a state law on local markets
  4. An amendment affecting the distribution of legislative powers between the Union and states Correct answer.

Explanation

Under Article 368, amendments touching federal features such as the distribution of legislative powers require a special majority in Parliament plus ratification by at least half the State Legislatures. Salary changes and high court judge numbers need only a special majority. State laws on local markets are ordinary legislation, not constitutional amendments.

Question 23Indian Constitution and Its Features

What is meant by 'single citizenship' in the Indian Constitution?

  1. Citizenship granted only to government employees
  2. Citizenship granted only to people born in India
  3. Dual citizenship allowing citizens to hold another country's passport
  4. One common citizenship for the whole country, with no separate state citizenship Correct answer.

Explanation

India provides single citizenship, so every citizen owes allegiance to the Union alone and there is no separate state citizenship. This promotes national unity and equal rights across states. It does not restrict citizenship by birth, and India does not permit dual citizenship.

Question 24Indian Constitution and Its Features

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a constitutional feature with its description?

  1. Rigid constitution - no provision can ever be amended
  2. Flexible constitution - every provision needs state ratification
  3. Unwritten constitution - the Constitution is based only on conventions
  4. Written constitution - the Constitution is codified in a single document Correct answer.

Explanation

India has a written constitution, meaning its provisions are codified in a single document with schedules and articles. It is neither wholly unwritten nor wholly flexible or rigid, since different provisions have different amendment requirements. No provision is absolutely unamendable, though the basic structure cannot be destroyed.

Question 25Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

The Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens are grouped under which Part of the Constitution?

  1. Part IV
  2. Part II
  3. Part III Correct answer.
  4. Part IVA

Explanation

Fundamental Rights are contained in Part III of the Constitution, running from Article 12 to Article 35, and are enforceable through writs under Article 32. Part IV deals with Directive Principles, Part IVA with Fundamental Duties, and Part II with citizenship.

Question 26Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Which Article of the Constitution empowers a person to move the Supreme Court directly for enforcement of Fundamental Rights?

  1. Article 32 Correct answer.
  2. Article 44
  3. Article 19
  4. Article 226

Explanation

Article 32 gives the Supreme Court the power to issue writs for enforcement of Fundamental Rights, and Dr. Ambedkar called it the heart and soul of the Constitution. Article 226 gives a similar but wider power to High Courts.

Question 27Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Which Fundamental Right was described by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as the heart and soul of the Constitution?

  1. Right to Constitutional Remedies Correct answer.
  2. Right against Exploitation
  3. Right to Freedom of Religion
  4. Right to Equality

Explanation

Ambedkar described Article 32, the Right to Constitutional Remedies, as the heart and soul of the Constitution because it makes every other right enforceable. Without an effective remedy, a declared right would remain only on paper.

Question 28Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Under Article 21A, free and compulsory education is guaranteed to children of which age group?

  1. Five to fifteen years
  2. Six to eighteen years
  3. Three to fourteen years
  4. Six to fourteen years Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 21A, inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002, makes free and compulsory education a Fundamental Right for all children aged six to fourteen years. Parliament gave effect to it through the Right to Education Act of 2009.

Question 29Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Which of the following is a Fundamental Duty listed in Article 51A?

  1. To serve in the armed forces
  2. To pay taxes honestly
  3. To protect and improve the natural environment Correct answer.
  4. To vote in elections

Explanation

Article 51A(g) makes it a Fundamental Duty to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife. Paying taxes, voting and military service are civic obligations but are not listed among the Fundamental Duties.

Question 30Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Directive Principles of State Policy are described in Article 37 as

  1. non-justiciable yet fundamental in the governance of the country Correct answer.
  2. fundamental in the governance of the country and binding on courts
  3. enforceable only during a national emergency
  4. applicable only to citizens and not to the State

Explanation

Article 37 states that Directive Principles are not enforceable by any court, yet they are fundamental in the governance of the country and the State shall apply them in making laws. They guide policy without creating directly enforceable claims.

Question 31Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

The Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by which amendment?

  1. 42nd Amendment Correct answer.
  2. 52nd Amendment
  3. 24th Amendment
  4. 44th Amendment

Explanation

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 inserted Part IVA and Article 51A, creating a list of Fundamental Duties for citizens. The 86th Amendment later added the duty of parents to provide education to children.

Question 32Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

A State government frames a policy to reserve seats in state medical colleges for students of rural schools. Which constitutional provision must the policy primarily satisfy?

  1. Article 40 of the Directive Principles
  2. Article 14 and Article 15 of the Fundamental Rights Correct answer.
  3. Article 51A of the Fundamental Duties
  4. Article 368 on amendment procedure

Explanation

Any State policy creating classification among citizens for admission must satisfy the equality guarantee of Article 14 and the non-discrimination rule of Article 15, including the limited exceptions in Article 15(4) and 15(5). Directive Principles guide policy but are not the standard for testing such a classification.

Question 33Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

A newspaper publishes a factual report criticising a minister's official conduct. Which Fundamental Right most directly protects the publication?

  1. Article 21
  2. Article 19(1)(a) Correct answer.
  3. Article 25
  4. Article 19(1)(g)

Explanation

Freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a) includes the freedom of the press to publish information and criticism, subject to reasonable restrictions in Article 19(2). The other clauses cover different freedoms and do not protect expression as such.

Question 34Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

A person is arrested without being informed of the grounds of arrest. Which Article is most directly violated?

  1. Article 21
  2. Article 20
  3. Article 22 Correct answer.
  4. Article 23

Explanation

Article 22 requires that an arrested person be informed of the grounds of arrest and be produced before a magistrate within twenty-four hours. Article 20 protects against retrospective punishment and self-incrimination, while Article 23 prohibits traffic in human beings.

Question 35Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Which writ is issued by a court to command a public authority to perform a duty that it has failed to perform?

  1. Certiorari
  2. Quo Warranto
  3. Habeas Corpus
  4. Mandamus Correct answer.

Explanation

Mandamus literally means 'we command' and is issued to compel a public authority to carry out a public duty. Habeas Corpus secures release from unlawful detention, Certiorari quashes a lower court's order, and Quo Warranto questions a person's authority to hold public office.

Question 36Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Prohibition of employment of children below fourteen years in factories and mines is protected by which Article?

  1. Article 23
  2. Article 39
  3. Article 24 Correct answer.
  4. Article 21A

Explanation

Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below fourteen years in factories, mines and other hazardous work. Article 23 prohibits forced labour, and Article 39 is a Directive Principle directing the State to protect children's health and development.

Question 37Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

A person is forced to work without wages and is not allowed to leave the employer's premises. Which Fundamental Right is violated?

  1. Article 23 Correct answer.
  2. Article 25
  3. Article 29
  4. Article 19(1)(g)

Explanation

Article 23 prohibits traffic in human beings, begar and other similar forms of forced labour, and any violation is an offence punishable by law. The scenario describes bonded or forced labour, which falls squarely within this prohibition.

Question 38Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

The Right to Freedom of Religion under Article 25 is available to

  1. citizens only
  2. all persons, including non-citizens Correct answer.
  3. only persons born in India
  4. only registered religious denominations

Explanation

Article 25 uses the word 'persons', so the freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practise and propagate religion extends to all persons, not just citizens. Some other rights, such as those in Article 19, are confined to citizens.

Question 39Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

A State enacts a law giving special representation to Scheduled Castes in educational institutions. This is best justified under which provision?

  1. Article 15(4) Correct answer.
  2. Article 16(4)
  3. Article 30(1)
  4. Article 29(2)

Explanation

Article 15(4) permits the State to make special provision for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in matters covered by Article 15, including education. Article 16(4) relates to reservation in public employment, not educational admission.

Question 40Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Which of these Directive Principles is based on the ideal of a welfare State and directs the State to promote the welfare of the people?

  1. Article 39A
  2. Article 38 Correct answer.
  3. Article 48
  4. Article 51

Explanation

Article 38 directs the State to strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order infused with justice, which embodies the welfare-State ideal. The other Articles address legal aid, agriculture and animal husbandry, and international peace respectively.

Question 41Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

A State law fixes a living wage for workers in a scheduled industry. Which Directive Principle does it most directly implement?

  1. Article 43 Correct answer.
  2. Article 50
  3. Article 40
  4. Article 47

Explanation

Article 43 directs the State to endeavour to secure to all workers a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life, and opportunities for leisure and cultural activity. Article 40 concerns panchayats and Article 47 public health and nutrition.

Question 42Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Article 44 of the Constitution directs the State to endeavour to secure for citizens

  1. a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India Correct answer.
  2. free legal aid to the poor
  3. equal pay for equal work
  4. protection of monuments of national importance

Explanation

Article 44 is a Directive Principle directing the State to endeavour to secure a uniform civil code throughout India. Free legal aid appears in Article 39A, equal pay in Article 39(d), and protection of monuments in Article 49.

Question 43Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Which Article directs the State to take steps to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines?

  1. Article 48 Correct answer.
  2. Article 47
  3. Article 46
  4. Article 48A

Explanation

Article 48 directs the State to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines and to prohibit the slaughter of cows, calves and other milch and draught cattle. Article 48A, added by the 42nd Amendment, deals with protection of the environment.

Question 44Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

A law is enacted to give effect to a Directive Principle but it restricts a Fundamental Right. How is the conflict generally resolved by courts?

  1. Both are treated as equally enforceable in a court of law
  2. The Directive Principle always overrides the Fundamental Right
  3. The law is automatically void without any judicial review
  4. The Fundamental Right prevails, though the Directive Principle may guide interpretation Correct answer.

Explanation

Fundamental Rights are justiciable and generally prevail over Directive Principles, but courts use Directive Principles as an aid to interpreting and balancing Fundamental Rights. Later judgments have allowed laws implementing Directive Principles to restrict rights such as Article 19(1)(g) within reasonable limits.

Question 45Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

The Supreme Court expanded the meaning of Article 21 to include the right to a clean environment and the right to privacy. This best illustrates which principle of interpretation?

  1. Strict construction limiting rights to those expressly named
  2. Literal interpretation confined to the words used in 1950
  3. Reference to the Fundamental Duties as a substitute for rights
  4. Progressive interpretation of Fundamental Rights as living guarantees Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 21 has been read as a living provision whose content grows with changing social needs, which is why environmental protection, privacy and dignity have been included within the right to life and personal liberty. Fundamental Duties may inform interpretation but do not replace enforceable rights.

Question 46Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Which statement best explains why Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution?

  1. To transfer enforcement of Directive Principles from the State to individual citizens
  2. To give courts a new power to punish citizens for breach of duty
  3. To remind citizens that rights are accompanied by obligations to the nation and society Correct answer.
  4. To make the Fundamental Rights of citizens legally conditional on their good behaviour

Explanation

The Swaran Singh Committee recommended Fundamental Duties so that citizens would recognise that rights carry corresponding obligations to society and the nation. Article 51A does not make rights conditional and is not directly enforceable by courts.

Question 47Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

A State provides reservation in promotions to a backward class without collecting adequate data on its inadequate representation. Which test would a court most likely apply?

  1. Whether the reservation satisfies the proportionality and data requirements laid down for Article 16(4) Correct answer.
  2. Whether the reservation is supported by a Directive Principle alone
  3. Whether the affected persons have performed their Fundamental Duties
  4. Whether the State legislature has ratified a constitutional amendment

Explanation

Reservation under Article 16(4) must rest on quantifiable data showing inadequate representation and must not breach the ceiling of proportionality or efficiency in administration. A Directive Principle cannot by itself validate such a measure, and Fundamental Duties are irrelevant to the test.

Question 48Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy

Which pair correctly matches a Fundamental Right with the Article that guarantees it?

  1. Protection of language, script and culture of minorities – Article 30
  2. Right to life and personal liberty – Article 21 Correct answer.
  3. Abolition of untouchability – Article 18
  4. Freedom of speech and expression – Article 19(1)(g)

Explanation

Article 21 guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, and courts have read many facets into it. Article 17 abolishes untouchability, Article 29 protects language, script and culture of minorities, and Article 19(1)(a) protects speech and expression.

Question 49Indian Political System: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary

In the Indian parliamentary system, the Union Executive is formally headed by which office?

  1. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
  2. The Prime Minister of India
  3. The President of India Correct answer.
  4. The Chief Justice of India

Explanation

The Constitution vests the executive power of the Union in the President, who is the formal or nominal head of the Union Executive. The Prime Minister heads the real executive, the Council of Ministers, which advises the President. The Chief Justice and the Speaker belong to the judiciary and legislature respectively.

Question 50Indian Political System: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary

Which article of the Indian Constitution states that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President?

  1. Article 61
  2. Article 74 Correct answer.
  3. Article 52
  4. Article 79

Explanation

Article 74 provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister to aid and advise the President, and that such advice shall be binding. Article 52 merely says there shall be a President of India. Article 61 deals with impeachment of the President and Article 79 with the constitution of Parliament.