Karnataka SSLC Sociology (KSEAB) flashcards
Karnataka SSLC Sociology (KSEAB) · Build recall with a focused review session.
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- Sociology
- The systematic and empirical study of human social life, groups, and societies, including their structures, institutions, and processes.
- Auguste Comte
- French thinker who coined the term sociology in 1838 and proposed the law of three stages of human thought.
- Social fact
- Durkheim's term for ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that are external to the individual and exercise constraint over him or her.
- Verstehen
- Max Weber's method of interpretive understanding of the subjective meaning that actors attach to their own social action.
- Community
- A relatively permanent group of people sharing a territory and a common way of life, such as a village or neighbourhood.
- Association
- A deliberately formed group of people organized around a specific, explicit purpose, such as a cooperative society or trade union.
- Primary group
- A small group marked by face-to-face, intimate, and personal relationships, such as the family or a close play group.
- Mores
- Strongly held moral norms whose violation provokes serious social disapproval, distinguishing them from ordinary folkways.
- Social structure
- The relatively stable pattern of statuses, roles, groups, and institutions that organizes relationships within a society.
- Manifest function
- The intended and recognized consequence of an institution or social practice, in contrast to unintended latent functions.
- Role conflict
- The tension experienced when the expectations attached to two or more statuses held by one person make incompatible demands.
- Social stratification
- The hierarchical ranking of individuals and groups by unequal access to valued resources such as wealth, power, and prestige.
- Caste
- A closed, hereditary, endogamous social stratum ranked by hierarchy and associated with purity-pollution rules and traditional occupations.
- Social mobility
- Movement of individuals or groups between social positions, either vertically between ranks or horizontally at the same level.
- Nuclear family
- A household consisting of a married couple and their dependent children, typically occupying a separate residence.
- Endogamy
- The rule that marriage must take place within a particular group, such as a caste, clan, or religious community.
- Kinship
- A network of relationships based on descent from common ancestors and on marriage, organizing rights and obligations.
- Polyandry
- A form of marriage in which one woman is married to two or more men simultaneously, often brothers.
- Socialization
- The lifelong process through which individuals learn the norms, values, and skills of their society and develop a personality.
- Looking-glass self
- Cooley's idea that the self develops by imagining how others see us and how they judge us.
- Generalized other
- Mead's term for the internalized attitudes and expectations of the wider community that guide a person's conduct.
- Re-socialization
- The process of learning new norms and values that replace previously internalized ones, often in total institutions.
- Social change
- An alteration over time in the structure, institutions, or patterns of behavior of a society.
- Accommodation
- A social process in which conflicting parties adjust to end open conflict without eliminating the underlying differences.
- Assimilation
- The gradual fusion of distinct groups into a common culture and identity, distinct from biological amalgamation.
- Competition versus conflict
- Competition is an impersonal, norm-governed struggle for scarce goods, whereas conflict is personal and aims to defeat the opponent.
- Social control
- The sum of formal and informal means by which a society enforces conformity to its norms and values.
- Deviance
- Behavior that violates significant social norms; it is relative to time, place, and group and is not always criminal.
- Dowry Prohibition Act 1961
- Indian law that made giving or taking dowry at or after marriage a punishable offence, later amended to strengthen penalties.
- Varna and jati
- Varna is the fourfold textual classification of Hindu society, while jati is the actual local endogamous birth group.
- Sanskritization
- M. N. Srinivas's term for a low caste adopting the customs and rituals of a higher caste to raise its status.
- Soliga tribe
- A Scheduled Tribe of Karnataka living mainly in the Biligiri Rangana Hills, traditionally dependent on forest resources.
- Satyashodhak Samaj
- An anti-caste organization founded by Jyotirao Phule in 1873 to promote equality and rational, non-ritual worship.
- Brahmo Samaj
- A reform movement founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828 advocating monotheism and social reform, including abolition of sati.
- Social movement
- An organized and sustained collective effort by a group to promote or resist change in some aspect of society.