KSEAB SSLC TL Tulu flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Moola bhaava

The central theme or underlying message of a prose lesson. In answers, state it in one sentence and support it with one incident from the text.

Character trait with evidence

A quality such as courage or honesty attributed to a character, always paired with the specific action in the passage that proves it.

Author versus narrator

In Tulu life-sketches the first-person voice is usually the writer himself, not a fictional character; identify which before answering 'who says this'.

Event sequencing

Ordering incidents of a story. Use time words and tense markers in the passage (first, then, later) rather than memory of the plot.

Upama (simile)

A figure of speech comparing two things using a comparison word such as 'like' or 'as'. Both compared items are named explicitly.

Roopaka (metaphor)

A figure of speech that states a comparison directly without any comparison word, saying one thing is another.

Anupraasa (alliteration)

Repetition of the same initial consonant sound in words placed close together, giving the line a musical effect.

Manaveekarana (personification)

Giving human actions or feelings to non-human things, such as a river that laughs or a moon that watches.

Bhaavartha

The inner or suggested meaning of a poem, beyond the literal sense; asked for alongside the literal meaning in appreciation questions.

Rhyme scheme notation

Letters marking line endings that sound alike, such as a a b a. Count the final sound of each line, not syllable count.

Refrain line

A line repeated at the end of successive stanzas. It usually carries the poem's emotional core and is often quoted in questions.

Gist of supplementary lesson

A two-sentence summary naming the main characters, the central conflict, and the outcome or moral of a longer supplementary narrative.

Rapid Reading scanning

Reading questions first, then hunting the passage for keywords, names, numbers, and dates instead of reading every word in order.

Match-the-following elimination

A technique for pairing items such as character with action: mark certain pairs first, then assign remaining options by removal.

Hypothetical question rule

For 'what would have happened if' items, base the answer on the logic and events given in the text, not personal opinion.

Tulu dative case

The case suffix marking 'to/for' a person or thing, usually -gɨ, attached to the oblique stem rather than the citation form.

Tulu negative conjugation

Tulu forms negatives with a distinct negative verb form rather than by adding a separate word 'not' to the positive verb.

Oblique stem

The modified base of a noun used before case suffixes; case endings attach to it, not to the dictionary (citation) form.

Samasa (compound)

A compound word formed by joining two or more words; its type is decided by the hidden case relation between the members.

Honorific plural

Use of plural verb and pronoun forms for a single elder or stranger to show respect; agreement follows the honorific, not the number.

Pazhanjollu (proverb)

A traditional Tulu saying with a fixed wording that conveys a moral through a rural or everyday image. Answers give the figurative meaning.

Nudipadagalu (idioms)

Fixed multi-word expressions whose meaning is not the sum of the parts; the exact wording must be memorised and kept unchanged.

Retroflex versus dental

A Tulu consonant distinction (retroflex tongue-tip curled back, dental tongue-tip at teeth) that changes word meaning; homophones often differ here.

One-word substitution

Replacing a descriptive phrase with a single precise Tulu word; the substitute must match the register of the surrounding passage.

Formal letter subject line

A single-line statement of purpose placed after the receiver's address and before the salutation in a formal letter.

Report lead paragraph

The opening paragraph of a news report answering what, when, where, and who in past tense and third person, before background details.

Descriptive essay tense

Essays describing a place, person, or scene use mainly present tense; narrative essays about past events use past tense throughout.

Cohesive linkers

Words such as moreover, however, therefore, and finally that connect sentences and show logical relation; they earn marks for coherence.

Transliteration rule

Proper nouns such as names and places are transferred sound-for-sound into the target script, not translated for meaning.

Idiomatic translation

Translating a fixed expression by its equivalent idiom in the target language rather than rendering each word literally.

Back-checking a translation

Re-reading the target text to verify numbers, negation, and proper names, the three most frequent sources of translation error.

Passive to active conversion

Find the agent in the source sentence and make it the subject in the target; if no agent exists, keep passive or use an impersonal active.