KTET Category 2 flashcards
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31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- KTET Category I
- The Kerala Teacher Eligibility Test paper for Lower Primary teaching posts, covering classes I to V. It tests child development, mathematics, environmental studies and two languages.
- Preoperational stage
- Piaget's stage from about age 2 to 7. Children use symbols and language but show egocentrism, centration and irreversibility, and cannot yet conserve quantity.
- Conservation
- The understanding that quantity, mass or volume stays the same despite changes in appearance. It typically appears in the concrete operational stage, around age 7.
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Vygotsky's term for the gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with guidance. Teaching is most effective inside this zone.
- Scaffolding
- Temporary, structured support given by a teacher or peer so a learner can complete a task beyond current ability. Support is gradually withdrawn as competence grows.
- Egocentrism
- The preoperational tendency to see the world only from one's own viewpoint. A child may assume others see and know exactly what they do.
- Phonemic awareness
- The ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words. It is a strong predictor of early reading success and precedes phonics instruction.
- Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
- An assessment approach that is ongoing rather than terminal, and covers scholastic and co-scholastic areas. It uses observation, projects and portfolios alongside written tests.
- KTET Category II
- The Kerala Teacher Eligibility Test paper for Upper Primary posts, covering classes VI to VIII. It includes mathematics and science, social science, and two languages.
- Formal operational stage
- Piaget's final stage, from about age 11. Learners can reason abstractly, form hypotheses and test them systematically, enabling algebra and scientific thinking.
- Constructivism
- A learning theory holding that learners actively build knowledge by connecting new information to prior experience, rather than passively receiving it. Teachers facilitate rather than transmit.
- Erikson: identity vs role confusion
- The psychosocial crisis of adolescence. The young person works to form a coherent sense of self; failure results in uncertainty about identity and social role.
- Simple interest formula
- Simple interest equals principal times rate times time divided by 100, written as SI = PRT/100, where rate is a percentage per annum and time is in years.
- Ratio and proportion
- A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind; a proportion states that two ratios are equal, so a/b = c/d, giving ad = bc.
- Photosynthesis
- The process by which green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and release oxygen, occurring in chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.
- Fundamental rights
- Basic rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution in Part III, including equality, freedom of speech, life and personal liberty, and protection from exploitation.
- Median of a data set
- The middle value when observations are arranged in order. For an even count, it is the mean of the two central values. It is unaffected by extreme scores.
- KTET Category III
- The Kerala Teacher Eligibility Test paper for High School posts, classes IX and X. It tests child development, the candidate's teaching subject with its pedagogy, and two languages.
- Bloom's taxonomy
- A hierarchy of cognitive objectives: remember, understand, apply, analyse, evaluate and create. It guides the framing of learning objectives and question difficulty.
- Formative assessment
- Ongoing, diagnostic assessment used during teaching to identify learning gaps and adjust instruction. It is usually low-stakes and may be oral, observational or written.
- Summative assessment
- Assessment conducted at the end of a unit, term or course to judge achievement against expected learning outcomes. It is typically graded and reported.
- Quadratic formula
- For ax squared plus bx plus c equals zero with a not zero, the roots are x equals negative b plus or minus the square root of b squared minus four ac, all divided by two a.
- Ohm's law
- At constant temperature, the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, giving V = IR where R is resistance in ohms.
- Newton's second law
- The rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the applied force and occurs in the direction of the force; commonly written F = ma.
- Arithmetic progression
- A sequence in which consecutive terms differ by a constant. The nth term is a + (n−1)d and the sum of n terms is n/2 times (2a + (n−1)d).
- KTET Category IV
- The Kerala Teacher Eligibility Test paper for specialist teachers, chiefly language teachers and specified subject specialists. It tests child development, specialist content and pedagogy, and languages.
- Communicative approach
- A language-teaching approach that organises instruction around meaningful communication and real-life functions rather than isolated grammar rules, emphasising fluency and interaction.
- Grammar-translation method
- A language-teaching method that explains rules in the learner's first language and practises through translation and written exercises, with limited attention to speaking.
- Direct method
- A language-teaching method that uses only the target language, teaching meaning through objects, actions and demonstration rather than translation into the mother tongue.
- Four language skills
- Listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening and speaking are receptive and productive oral skills; reading and writing are the corresponding literacy skills.
- Sandhi in Sanskrit
- The euphonic combination of sounds at the junction of words or morphemes, such as vowel coalescence, which changes the written and spoken form of the joined elements.