Maharashtra HSC French (MSBSHSE) study materials
Maharashtra HSC French (MSBSHSE) study resources

Maharashtra HSC French (MSBSHSE): Grammar and syntax (tenses, agreement, pronouns, prepositions, sentence structure)

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Grammar and syntax (tenses, agreement, pronouns, prepositions, sentence structure)

Grammar and syntax carries the largest single block of marks: tenses, agreement, pronouns, prepositions and sentence structure, tested through gap-fill, conjugation tables, transformation and error correction.

Tenses in sequence

Use the passé composé for a completed event and the imparfait for description, habit or background. The futur simple adds -ai/-as/-a/-ons/-ez/-ont to the infinitive (je parlerai, nous finirons); the conditionnel présent uses the same stem with imparfait endings (je parlerais). After si + imparfait comes the conditionnel (Si j'avais le temps, je viendrais); after il faut que comes the subjunctive (il faut que tu viennes).

Agreement

With être, the past participle agrees with the subject (Elles sont parties). With avoir, it agrees only with a direct object placed before it: les lettres que j'ai écrites, but j'ai écrit des lettres.

Pronouns and prepositions

Object pronouns precede the verb in this order: me/te/se/nous/vous → le/la/les → lui/leur → y → en (Il me le donne). Y replaces à + thing or place; en replaces de + noun or a quantity (J'en ai deux). Countries: à Paris, en France, au Sénégal, aux États-Unis; de Paris, de France, du Sénégal, des États-Unis.

Worked example

Complete: Voici les photos que nous ___ (prendre) pendant le voyage. Answer: avons prises. Reasoning: passé composé with avoir; the preceding direct object que (= les photos, feminine plural) forces agreement, so prises, not pris.

Traps that cost marks

Agreeing with a following object (j'ai écrites des lettres ✗). Dropping the ne in negation, or putting pas after the infinitive instead of before (ne pas partir). Using depuis with the passé composé for an ongoing state. Writing au before a feminine country. Mixing lui (singular recipient) and leur (plural recipient).