Translation between Russian and English/Marathi
Translation tasks run both ways: render a Russian sentence naturally in English or Marathi, and turn an English or Marathi sentence into correct Russian. Marks reward meaning and grammatical control, not word-for-word substitution.
Russian into English or Marathi
Russian has no articles, so you must supply a/an/the from context: Он купил книгу - He bought a book / the book, depending on what is already known. Aspect drives tense: «Я читал эту книгу» can be I was reading or I have read it; «Я прочитал книгу» is definitely I finished it. Choose the English tense that carries the Russian aspect.
Dative and impersonal patterns
These have no one-to-one English shape: Мне холодно - I am cold; Мне двадцать лет - I am twenty; У меня есть брат - I have a brother; Мне нужно идти - I must go; Здесь нельзя курить - You must not smoke here; Мне не хватает времени - I don't have enough time.
English or Marathi into Russian
Find the subject and put it in the nominative; decide whether the action is complete (perfective) or repeated/ongoing (imperfective); add the preposition the case demands; place new information at the end.
Worked example
«Мне не хватает времени.» Reasoning: не хватает takes a dative experiencer (мне) and a genitive thing lacked (времени, genitive of время). Literally 'to me there is not enough of time'. Natural rendering: I don't have enough time. A wrong answer such as 'I don't want time' confuses не хватает with не хочу.
Culture-bound words
дача, борщ, самовар, масленица have no exact English equivalent. Transliterate and gloss on first use: дача - a country cottage (dacha).
Traps
Word-for-word rendering that breaks English or Russian syntax; losing a negation; forgetting что-clause word order; mis-rendering свой (one's own) as мой or его.