Maharashtra HSC Sindhi (MSBSHSE) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Gadyashastra

The prose section of the Sindhi paper, covering prescribed lessons with comprehension, character study, title justification, and thematic or value-based analysis questions.

Theme of a lesson

The central idea a prose lesson conveys, such as migration memory, dignity of labour, or communal harmony, supported by specific incidents rather than stated as a single abstract noun.

Title justification

An answer pattern giving a literal link, where the title names something in the text, and a symbolic link, the idea the title carries through the lesson.

Character sketch evidence rule

Every trait claimed for a character must be tied to a specific action or line of dialogue from the prescribed lesson, not to general descriptive adjectives.

Extract-based question

A prose question built on quoted lines, answered by identifying speaker and context, then literal meaning, then implied idea, then link to the lesson's theme.

Padyashastra

The poetry section of the Sindhi paper, requiring summary, central sentiment, identification of poetic devices with quotations, and comments on diction and relevance.

Upma

Simile: a comparison between two unlike things using an explicit comparing word such as jaiso or wiyo, for example comparing a face to the moon.

Rupak

Metaphor: a comparison asserted directly without any comparing word, so the subject is identified with the image rather than likened to it.

Anupraas

Alliteration: repetition of the same initial consonant sound in nearby words of a line, distinct from repeating a whole word, which is yamak.

Rasaswadan order

The fixed sequence for poetry appreciation: poet and poem, central sentiment, short summary, devices with quoted examples, language comment, then personal relevance.

Virodhabhas

Oxymoron: the placing together of two contradictory words or ideas in one phrase so that the contradiction sharpens the meaning intended by the poet.

Sandhi vigrah

The split form of a joined word, written before naming the sandhi type; marks are given for showing both the joined form and its separated components.

Samas

A compound: two or more words fused into one, whose type is decided by expanding it into a phrase called the vigrah before the type is named.

Dwandwa samas

A compound whose members are equally principal and whose vigrah can be expanded with 'and' between the members, unlike tatpurush where a case relation joins them.

Bahuvrihi samas

A compound that denotes a third entity other than the members named, so the word functions as an adjective describing someone or something outside the compound.

Muhavara answer pattern

An idiom answer giving the literal word-meaning, the figurative meaning used in speech, and one original sentence where the idiom is correctly applied.

Samanarthi and virudharthi

Synonyms and antonyms respectively; each answer must be a single word matching the part of speech of the given word, not a descriptive phrase.

Nibandh structure

Essay layout of a two-to-three sentence introduction, three or four body paragraphs each carrying one idea with an example, and a conclusion returning to the question.

Letter format marks

Separately awarded elements: sender address, date, receiver address, salutation, subject for formal letters, body, subscription, and signature; any omission costs format marks.

Precis rules

Reduce to about one-third length, keep only the central idea, write in third person, add a suitable title, and never introduce opinions or examples absent from the passage.

Report writing elements

A report needs a headline, byline with place and date, an opening answering what-when-where-who, a factual body with quotations, and a closing paragraph, avoiding first person.

Dialogue writing rule

Each speaker's line must respond to the preceding line, keeping exchanges natural and stage directions in brackets and minimal rather than descriptive.

Formal versus informal letter

Formal letters go to officials with a subject line and formal salutation; informal letters go to relatives or friends with personal salutation and no subject line.

Gadyansh

An unseen prose passage accompanied by factual, inference, vocabulary, antonym, title, and central-idea questions answered in the candidate's own words.

Vocabulary in context

A meaning question where the correct synonym is the sense the word carries in that passage sentence, not the dictionary's first or most common sense.

Inference answer rule

An inference answer states a claim and supports it with a phrase or detail drawn from the passage; an unsupported claim earns no credit.

Rapid reading time split

A practical allocation of roughly one-third of the given time to reading the passage and two-thirds to writing answers in the order the questions appear.

Author study entry

A profile covering life dates and place, language or dialect, genres, two or three major works, recognition, and the specific contribution of the prescribed lesson.

Review writing skeleton

Bibliographic details, brief spoiler-free summary, analysis of theme and style, strengths and limitations, and a recommendation justified by the analysis.

Description versus evaluation

Description states what the text says; evaluation states why it matters. Literary appreciation answers must contain both because marks are awarded for each.

Project work criteria

Assessment looks at stated objectives, the methodology of reading or collection, quality of presentation, and a conclusion that directly answers the stated objective.

Comparison axes

Authors or texts are compared on theme, technique, and socio-historical context, with one concrete example supplied for each axis rather than general praise.