MAH MBA CET cheat sheet

In a circular arrangement where people face the centre, a person's left points clockwise and the right anticlockwise; when they face outward, both directions reverse.

Total persons in a row = (rank from the left or top) + (rank from the right or bottom) − 1, because the counted person is included twice.

Valid conversions: 'All A are B' gives 'Some B are A'; 'No A is B' gives 'No B is A'; 'Some A are B' gives 'Some B are A'. 'All B are A' is not a valid conversion of 'All A are B'.

Alphabet positions: A = 1 to Z = 26, with anchors E = 5, J = 10, O = 15, T = 20, Y = 25; the reverse position of a letter equals 27 minus its forward position.

Angle between clock hands at h hours m minutes = |30h − 5.5m| degrees; the minute hand gains 5.5 degrees per minute on the hour hand, and the hands overlap 11 times every 12 hours.

The sun rises in the east, so morning shadows fall towards the west; it sets in the west, so evening shadows fall towards the east.

In direction puzzles, total the north-south displacement and the east-west displacement separately; the shortest distance is the square root of the sum of their squares.

A constant letter shift between original and code indicates one cipher series; alternating shifts indicate two interleaved series; a reversed-alphabet code uses position 27 − n.

Blood relation chains reduce by self-cancelling phrases: 'the only son of my mother' is the speaker if male, otherwise the speaker's brother; mark gender on the tree before answering.

A mirror image reverses left and right only; a water image reverses top and bottom only; a 180-degree rotation reverses both.

Number of squares of all sizes in an n by n grid = 1² + 2² + … + n² = n(n+1)(2n+1)/6.

Number of rectangles of all sizes in an m by n grid of unit cells = m(m+1)n(n+1)/4, obtained by choosing two of m+1 vertical and two of n+1 horizontal lines.

A single punch through a sheet folded n times passes through 2ⁿ layers, producing up to 2ⁿ holes placed symmetrically about every fold line.

Rotation preserves the clockwise order of three marked points on a figure; reflection reverses that order, which is the standard rotated-versus-mirrored test.

Figure series rotate marked elements by fixed steps, most often 45, 90, 135 or 180 degrees, sometimes alternating clockwise with anticlockwise.

A regular n-sided polygon has exactly n lines of symmetry; a circle has infinitely many; a non-square rectangle has two.

To locate an embedded figure, find its most distinctive angle or corner first, then confirm that all remaining sides lie along lines already drawn in the complex figure.

Net change for successive changes of a% and b% = a + b + ab/100; for successive discounts the same formula becomes a + b − ab/100.

SI = PRT/100; CI = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ − P; CI − SI for two years = P(r/100)²; for three years = P(r/100)²(3 + r/100).

Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100, so SP = CP(1 + gain/100); a loss of the same percentage gives SP = CP(1 − loss/100).

Alligation: to mix items priced p and q into a mixture of mean price m, the quantity ratio is (q − m) : (m − p).

Combined work rate = 1/a + 1/b, so together A and B take ab/(a+b) days; if A is k times as efficient as B, A takes 1/k of B's time.

Average speed = 2xy/(x+y) when two equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, but (x + y)/2 when two equal times are spent at those speeds.

Downstream speed = boat + current; upstream = boat − current; boat speed = (downstream + upstream)/2 and current speed = (downstream − upstream)/2.

nPr = n!/(n−r)!; nCr = n!/(r!(n−r)!); the number of circular arrangements of n distinct items is (n−1)!.

HCF × LCM = product of the two numbers; P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A and B), with the last term zero for mutually exclusive events.

A correct RC option is supported by the passage; options that require outside knowledge, or that use absolutes such as 'always' and 'never' without textual backing, are wrong.

In para jumbles the opening sentence introduces a fresh noun and contains no pronoun or connector (this, these, however, therefore), which need prior reference.

Contrast connectors (but, although, nevertheless, whereas, on the contrary) signal an opposite idea; additive connectors (moreover, furthermore, in addition) signal continuation.

A verb agrees with the head noun of its subject, not with a noun inside a prepositional phrase: 'The box of pens is heavy.'

Parallelism: items joined by and, or, not only … but also must share grammatical form, pairing a noun with a noun and an infinitive with an infinitive.

A sentence anchored in the past keeps past tense throughout unless it states a permanent truth, which takes the present tense.

The comparative form serves exactly two items and the superlative three or more; a word never takes both 'more' and the '-er' ending.

In a single-answer antonym question, two options that are synonyms of each other cannot both be correct.

Idiom meaning is fixed regardless of the literal words: 'to let the cat out of the bag' means to reveal a secret inadvertently.