Poetry (Prescribed Textbook)
Imtihan ka maqsad
Shairi ka hissa textbook ke darikhi ashaar par mabni hai. Sawal shair ka naam, markazi khayal, mauzu, qafiya aur radiif, tashbeeh ya istiara, aur ashaar ki tashreeh par aate hain. Imtihan dekhta hai ke tum shairi ka zanni maani samajhte ho ya sirf lafzi maani tak rukte ho.
Bunyadi usool
- Har ghazal ya nazm ka shair, unwan aur mauzu alag se yaad karo.
- Qafiya misre ke aakhir mein aane wala hum-awaz lafz hai; radiif qafiya ke baad har misre mein repeat hone wala mustaqil lafz hai.
- Tashbeeh mein aik cheez ko doosri ke saath sa, jaisa ya manind se milaya jata hai.
- Istiara mein tashbeeh chhup jati hai; aik cheez doosri ka roop dhaar leti hai.
- Tashreeh mein pehle ashaar ka saada maani likho, phir us ka paygham.
Mashq ka tareeqa
Misol: misra hai uska chehra chand sa hai. Yahan chehra mushabbih hai, chand mushabbih-bihi, aur sa harf-e-tashbeeh hai. Is liye yahan tashbeeh hai. Jawab mein sirf tashbeeh likhna kaafi nahin; wajah bhi likho ke sa ne chehre ko chand se milaya hai. Agar misra hota uska chehra chand hai to yahan istiara hota, kyunke chand ki tashbeeh chhup gayi hai.
Aam ghaltiyan
- Majazi misre ko lafzi maani mein lena.
- Qafiya aur radiif ko aik samajhna.
- Shair ka naam galat likhna ya chhod dena.
- Tashreeh mein sirf tarjuma likhna aur paygham na likhna.