Disaster Management and Emergency Response
This domain tests the disaster cycle, official institutions and safe behaviour during floods, earthquakes, cyclones and fires. Maharashtra-specific hazards such as coastal cyclones, river floods, landslides and the Koyna earthquake belt are relevant.
Institutions and phases
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) sets policy; State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMA) and District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMA) plan and coordinate. The NDRF is a specialised response force. The disaster cycle runs through prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. The Incident Response System assigns clear roles to one incident commander.
Emergency numbers
112 is the unified emergency number; 108 is ambulance; 101 is fire; 100 is police. Use them accurately and avoid rumours.
Safe actions
- Earthquake indoors: drop, cover and hold under a strong table; stay away from windows; evacuate after shaking stops.
- Flood: move to higher ground, avoid walking or driving through moving water, and switch off electricity if safe.
- Cyclone: secure loose objects, stay indoors, and follow official warnings.
Worked example
A school feels strong shaking. Students drop under desks, cover their heads and hold on. After the shaking stops, teachers lead them by stairs to the open assembly point and take a head count. Running outside during the shaking is wrong because falling glass and debris cause injuries.
Traps
Do not use lifts during a fire or earthquake. Do not believe or forward unverified messages. Do not return to a damaged building until authorities declare it safe. Response begins with local action before outside help arrives.
Community role
Wardens, volunteers and school safety clubs support evacuation, shelters, first aid and damage reporting under official direction.