Road Accident Prevention and Emergency Care
This domain tests how accidents are prevented and what a responder does at the scene. It links defensive driving with first aid, scene safety and legal protection for helpers.
Prevention
Check brakes, tyres and lights; avoid speeding, drowsy driving, drinking and mobile phone use. Use helmets and seat belts, keep safe following distance, signal early and slow down near schools, curves and crossings. Defensive driving means anticipating other road users' mistakes.
At the scene
Protect the scene: switch on hazard lights, place a warning triangle, and keep bystanders back. Call 112 or 108 and give the exact location, number of injured and hazards. Do not move an injured person unless there is fire, traffic or another immediate danger. Check response, airway and breathing; control severe bleeding with direct pressure; keep the victim warm; place a breathing unconscious person in the recovery position. Do not remove a motorcyclist's helmet unless the airway cannot be managed.
Good Samaritan protection
The Motor Vehicles Act protects a person who helps an accident victim in good faith from being forced to reveal identity or from civil and criminal liability for the act. Help anyway; do not delay for paperwork.
Worked example
A motorcyclist is unconscious after a skid. The responder parks safely, warns traffic, calls 108, checks breathing and controls bleeding from the arm. The helmet is left on because there is no airway obstruction, and the victim is not given water.
Traps
Do not pull victims out of vehicles, give water, or remove helmets casually. Do not crowd the victim. Do not move a suspected spinal injury unless life is at risk.
Reporting
Note the time, location, vehicles and care given for handover.