Maharashtra SSC Multi-Skill Assistant Technician Pre-Voc/NSQF cheat sheet
Maharashtra SSC Multi-Skill Assistant Technician Pre-Voc/NSQF · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Trade Theory - Mechanical and Electrical Fundamentals
Ohm's law: V = I × R; in AC circuits impedance Z replaces R, and V = I × Z for rms values.
DC power P = V × I = I²R = V²/R; single-phase AC real power P = V I cos φ; balanced three-phase P = √3 V_L I_L cos φ.
In series, resistances add: R_total = R1 + R2 + ...; in parallel, 1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...
India's standard low-voltage three-phase supply is 415 V line-to-line at 50 Hz; the line-to-neutral value is about 230 V.
Gear ratio = driven teeth ÷ driving teeth = driver speed ÷ driven speed; for the same power, torque rises as speed falls.
Mechanical power P = 2πNT/60, with N in rpm and T in N·m, giving power in watts.
A fuse is a sacrificial overcurrent device rated slightly above normal current; it protects wiring, not people.
The earth wire provides a low-resistance fault path so protective devices trip; never use neutral as earth.
A multimeter continuity test is made on a de-energized circuit; select voltage mode before probing live points.
Workshop Calculation and Science
Percentage change = (new − old) ÷ old × 100%; percentage of a quantity = rate ÷ 100 × quantity.
Right triangle: hypotenuse² = base² + height²; the 3-4-5 triangle is a practical squareness check.
Circle area A = πd²/4; circumference C = πd; use π ≈ 3.142 unless a more precise value is specified.
Rectangle area = length × width; triangle area = ½ × base × height; trapezium area = ½(a + b)h.
Cylinder volume V = πr²h; mass = volume × density; water density ≈ 1000 kg/m³.
Speed = distance ÷ time; convert km/h to m/s by multiplying by 5/18.
Cutting speed V = πDN/1000, with V in m/min and D in mm, gives spindle speed N in rpm.
Machining time for turning = length ÷ (feed per revolution × rpm), using consistent units.
Taper half-angle: tan α = (D − d) ÷ (2L); sine-bar setting: sin θ = h ÷ L.
Engineering Drawing and Trade Drawing
First-angle projection places the top view below the front view and the left view on the right; third-angle places top above and left on left.
Visible outlines use continuous thick lines; hidden edges use dashed thin lines; centre lines use long-short dashes.
Dimensions state true size, not scaled size; a dimension is not repeated on multiple views.
Scale representative fraction = drawing length ÷ actual length; 1:50 means 1 mm on paper represents 50 mm actual.
Tolerance is the permitted variation between limits; allowance is the intentional difference between mating parts.
Surface roughness Ra is the arithmetic mean deviation in micrometres; a lower Ra value means a smoother surface.
A metric thread is designated by nominal diameter × pitch, such as M10 × 1.5; M alone denotes ISO metric coarse.
Section views use uniformly spaced hatching at 45°; adjacent parts are hatched in opposite directions.
The title block carries part name, material, scale, drawing number, revision, and approval.
Multi-Skill Assistant Duties
Duties include tool issue, material movement, basic machine checks, housekeeping, and reporting abnormalities to the supervisor.
Correct lifting technique: assess the load and route, keep the load close, bend the knees, avoid twisting, and get help above safe individual limits.
5S sequence: seiri (sort), seiton (set in order), seiso (shine), seiketsu (standardize), shitsuke (sustain).
Every tool issued and returned is recorded with date, employee name, tool ID, and condition; missing tools are reported immediately.
Before a task, confirm work permit, isolation status, PPE, correct tools, and required spares.
Escalate hazards, equipment abnormalities, injuries, and material shortages promptly; repairs beyond authorized scope are not attempted.
Preventive maintenance assistance includes cleaning, tightening, lubricating, and recording observations without bypassing guards or interlocks.
Walkways, fire exits, and electrical panels are kept clear; flammable materials are stored in approved containers away from ignition sources.
Tools and Maintenance Practices
Vernier caliper least count = smallest main-scale division ÷ number of vernier divisions; a common metric value is 0.02 mm.
Micrometer least count = pitch ÷ number of thimble divisions; a 0.5 mm pitch with 50 divisions gives 0.01 mm.
Zero error is checked with jaws closed; subtract a positive zero error and add a negative zero error to the reading.
A torque wrench is set to the specified torque and is not used to loosen fasteners; recalibrate after a drop or overload.
Metric tap drill size ≈ nominal diameter − pitch; for example, M10 × 1.5 uses an 8.5 mm drill.
Files cut on the forward stroke; clean chips with a file card and never strike a file on a hard surface.
Bearings are removed with a puller acting on the inner race; never hammer the outer race or rolling elements.
Lubricant selection follows viscosity grade and manufacturer recommendation; over-greasing can overheat bearings.
Lockout/tagout is applied before maintenance: isolate energy, lock, tag, release stored energy, and verify zero energy.
Occupational Safety, Health and Environment
Control hierarchy: eliminate, substitute, engineer controls, administrative controls, then PPE; PPE is the last line of defence.
Fire classes: A solids, B flammable liquids, C gases, D metals, E electrical; use CO2 or dry powder on electrical fires, never water.
PASS technique: Pull the pin, Aim at the base, Squeeze the handle, Sweep side to side.
Electrical rescue: switch off the supply first; do not touch a casualty in contact with live conductors; use insulated material.
A safety data sheet gives hazard identification, first aid, firefighting, spill handling, storage, exposure control, and disposal information.
Waste segregation: dry recyclable, wet biodegradable, and hazardous items such as batteries, oil, and e-waste go into separate designated containers.
Ergonomics: keep work at about elbow height, avoid twisting, take micro-breaks, and adjust chair and bench to the worker.
Permit-to-work is required for hot work, confined-space entry, work at height, and energized electrical work; verify gas tests and standby arrangements.
Employability Skills and Entrepreneurship (NSQF)
NSQF level descriptors combine knowledge, skill, core skill, and responsibility; higher levels require greater complexity, autonomy, and accountability.
A resume is one to two pages, reverse chronological, with measurable achievements and no false claims.
Entrepreneurship is identifying a market need, arranging resources, bearing risk, and creating value; profit = revenue − costs.
Break-even quantity = fixed cost ÷ (selling price per unit − variable cost per unit).
Market survey collects customer needs, competitor prices, demand, and location factors before a venture starts.
MSME/Udyam registration and GST registration are separate requirements; turnover thresholds determine applicability.
Cash flow records receipts and payments by date; a profitable business can fail if cash is not collected in time.
A business plan states product, customer, market, operations, finance, and risk; it supports loans and self-review.
Basic IT and Digital Literacy
Hardware is physical equipment; software is programs and data; firmware is software stored in read-only memory on a device.
File extensions: .docx document, .xlsx spreadsheet, .pptx presentation, .pdf portable document, .jpg image, .exe executable.
A strong password is long, unique, and unpredictable; two-factor authentication and one-time passwords are never shared.
Phishing is fraudulent email or messaging that requests credentials or payment; verify the sender address and links before clicking.
Backup rule 3-2-1: three copies, two media types, one off-site; test restoration periodically.
A spreadsheet formula begins with "="; relative references change when copied, while absolute references use "$" to stay fixed.
Cloud storage keeps files on remote servers; access depends on internet connectivity and account security, so important files are synced locally.
An operating system manages hardware, files, users, and applications; security updates are installed to patch known vulnerabilities.
Communication and Soft Skills
The 7 Cs: clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete, courteous.
Active listening means giving attention, not interrupting, paraphrasing, asking questions, and confirming understanding.
Feedback is specific, timely, behaviour-focused, and constructive; personal attacks are avoided.
Assertive communication states facts and needs calmly using I-statements, without blame, aggression, or passive avoidance.
Email etiquette: clear subject, greeting, short paragraphs, correct attachment, professional tone, and proofreading before sending.
Body language includes posture, eye contact, gestures, and facial expression; it should match the spoken message.
Telephone etiquette: answer promptly, identify yourself, speak clearly, take notes, confirm action, and end politely.
Conflict resolution: separate people from the problem, identify interests, generate options, and agree on a documented action.
Trade Theory - Mechanical and Electrical Fundamentals
Ohm's law: V = I × R; in AC circuits impedance Z replaces R, and V = I × Z for rms values.
DC power P = V × I = I²R = V²/R; single-phase AC real power P = V I cos φ; balanced three-phase P = √3 V_L I_L cos φ.
In series, resistances add: R_total = R1 + R2 + ...; in parallel, 1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...
India's standard low-voltage three-phase supply is 415 V line-to-line at 50 Hz; the line-to-neutral value is about 230 V.
Gear ratio = driven teeth ÷ driving teeth = driver speed ÷ driven speed; for the same power, torque rises as speed falls.
Mechanical power P = 2πNT/60, with N in rpm and T in N·m, giving power in watts.
A fuse is a sacrificial overcurrent device rated slightly above normal current; it protects wiring, not people.
The earth wire provides a low-resistance fault path so protective devices trip; never use neutral as earth.
A multimeter continuity test is made on a de-energized circuit; select voltage mode before probing live points.
Workshop Calculation and Science
Percentage change = (new − old) ÷ old × 100%; percentage of a quantity = rate ÷ 100 × quantity.
Right triangle: hypotenuse² = base² + height²; the 3-4-5 triangle is a practical squareness check.
Circle area A = πd²/4; circumference C = πd; use π ≈ 3.142 unless a more precise value is specified.
Rectangle area = length × width; triangle area = ½ × base × height; trapezium area = ½(a + b)h.
Cylinder volume V = πr²h; mass = volume × density; water density ≈ 1000 kg/m³.
Speed = distance ÷ time; convert km/h to m/s by multiplying by 5/18.
Cutting speed V = πDN/1000, with V in m/min and D in mm, gives spindle speed N in rpm.
Machining time for turning = length ÷ (feed per revolution × rpm), using consistent units.
Taper half-angle: tan α = (D − d) ÷ (2L); sine-bar setting: sin θ = h ÷ L.
Engineering Drawing and Trade Drawing
First-angle projection places the top view below the front view and the left view on the right; third-angle places top above and left on left.
Visible outlines use continuous thick lines; hidden edges use dashed thin lines; centre lines use long-short dashes.
Dimensions state true size, not scaled size; a dimension is not repeated on multiple views.
Scale representative fraction = drawing length ÷ actual length; 1:50 means 1 mm on paper represents 50 mm actual.
Tolerance is the permitted variation between limits; allowance is the intentional difference between mating parts.
Surface roughness Ra is the arithmetic mean deviation in micrometres; a lower Ra value means a smoother surface.
A metric thread is designated by nominal diameter × pitch, such as M10 × 1.5; M alone denotes ISO metric coarse.
Section views use uniformly spaced hatching at 45°; adjacent parts are hatched in opposite directions.
The title block carries part name, material, scale, drawing number, revision, and approval.
Multi-Skill Assistant Duties
Duties include tool issue, material movement, basic machine checks, housekeeping, and reporting abnormalities to the supervisor.
Correct lifting technique: assess the load and route, keep the load close, bend the knees, avoid twisting, and get help above safe individual limits.
5S sequence: seiri (sort), seiton (set in order), seiso (shine), seiketsu (standardize), shitsuke (sustain).
Every tool issued and returned is recorded with date, employee name, tool ID, and condition; missing tools are reported immediately.
Before a task, confirm work permit, isolation status, PPE, correct tools, and required spares.
Escalate hazards, equipment abnormalities, injuries, and material shortages promptly; repairs beyond authorized scope are not attempted.
Preventive maintenance assistance includes cleaning, tightening, lubricating, and recording observations without bypassing guards or interlocks.
Walkways, fire exits, and electrical panels are kept clear; flammable materials are stored in approved containers away from ignition sources.
Tools and Maintenance Practices
Vernier caliper least count = smallest main-scale division ÷ number of vernier divisions; a common metric value is 0.02 mm.
Micrometer least count = pitch ÷ number of thimble divisions; a 0.5 mm pitch with 50 divisions gives 0.01 mm.
Zero error is checked with jaws closed; subtract a positive zero error and add a negative zero error to the reading.
A torque wrench is set to the specified torque and is not used to loosen fasteners; recalibrate after a drop or overload.
Metric tap drill size ≈ nominal diameter − pitch; for example, M10 × 1.5 uses an 8.5 mm drill.
Files cut on the forward stroke; clean chips with a file card and never strike a file on a hard surface.
Bearings are removed with a puller acting on the inner race; never hammer the outer race or rolling elements.
Lubricant selection follows viscosity grade and manufacturer recommendation; over-greasing can overheat bearings.
Lockout/tagout is applied before maintenance: isolate energy, lock, tag, release stored energy, and verify zero energy.
Occupational Safety, Health and Environment
Control hierarchy: eliminate, substitute, engineer controls, administrative controls, then PPE; PPE is the last line of defence.
Fire classes: A solids, B flammable liquids, C gases, D metals, E electrical; use CO2 or dry powder on electrical fires, never water.
PASS technique: Pull the pin, Aim at the base, Squeeze the handle, Sweep side to side.
Electrical rescue: switch off the supply first; do not touch a casualty in contact with live conductors; use insulated material.
A safety data sheet gives hazard identification, first aid, firefighting, spill handling, storage, exposure control, and disposal information.
Waste segregation: dry recyclable, wet biodegradable, and hazardous items such as batteries, oil, and e-waste go into separate designated containers.
Ergonomics: keep work at about elbow height, avoid twisting, take micro-breaks, and adjust chair and bench to the worker.
Permit-to-work is required for hot work, confined-space entry, work at height, and energized electrical work; verify gas tests and standby arrangements.
Employability Skills and Entrepreneurship (NSQF)
NSQF level descriptors combine knowledge, skill, core skill, and responsibility; higher levels require greater complexity, autonomy, and accountability.
A resume is one to two pages, reverse chronological, with measurable achievements and no false claims.
Entrepreneurship is identifying a market need, arranging resources, bearing risk, and creating value; profit = revenue − costs.
Break-even quantity = fixed cost ÷ (selling price per unit − variable cost per unit).
Market survey collects customer needs, competitor prices, demand, and location factors before a venture starts.
MSME/Udyam registration and GST registration are separate requirements; turnover thresholds determine applicability.
Cash flow records receipts and payments by date; a profitable business can fail if cash is not collected in time.
A business plan states product, customer, market, operations, finance, and risk; it supports loans and self-review.
Basic IT and Digital Literacy
Hardware is physical equipment; software is programs and data; firmware is software stored in read-only memory on a device.
File extensions: .docx document, .xlsx spreadsheet, .pptx presentation, .pdf portable document, .jpg image, .exe executable.
A strong password is long, unique, and unpredictable; two-factor authentication and one-time passwords are never shared.
Phishing is fraudulent email or messaging that requests credentials or payment; verify the sender address and links before clicking.
Backup rule 3-2-1: three copies, two media types, one off-site; test restoration periodically.
A spreadsheet formula begins with "="; relative references change when copied, while absolute references use "$" to stay fixed.
Cloud storage keeps files on remote servers; access depends on internet connectivity and account security, so important files are synced locally.
An operating system manages hardware, files, users, and applications; security updates are installed to patch known vulnerabilities.
Communication and Soft Skills
The 7 Cs: clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete, courteous.
Active listening means giving attention, not interrupting, paraphrasing, asking questions, and confirming understanding.
Feedback is specific, timely, behaviour-focused, and constructive; personal attacks are avoided.
Assertive communication states facts and needs calmly using I-statements, without blame, aggression, or passive avoidance.
Email etiquette: clear subject, greeting, short paragraphs, correct attachment, professional tone, and proofreading before sending.
Body language includes posture, eye contact, gestures, and facial expression; it should match the spoken message.
Telephone etiquette: answer promptly, identify yourself, speak clearly, take notes, confirm action, and end politely.
Conflict resolution: separate people from the problem, identify interests, generate options, and agree on a documented action.