MP Mahila Supervisor cheat sheet

Constitutional offices: President is elected by an electoral college (elected MPs + elected MLAs of states/UTs with legislature); impeachment under Art. 61 requires a 2/3 majority of total membership of each House.

Supreme Court: Art. 124; judges retire at 65, High Court judges at 62 (Art. 217). Fundamental Rights are enforceable via Art. 32 (SC) and Art. 226 (HC).

Key dates: Constitution adopted 26 Nov 1949, enforced 26 Jan 1950; First Amendment 1951 added Art. 31A/31B and the Ninth Schedule.

RBI was nationalised in 1949; it issues currency notes (except one-rupee notes/coins, which are Government of India liabilities). Monetary Policy Committee has 6 members and sets the repo rate.

Nobel Prize categories: Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, Economic Sciences (the last added 1968, not in Alfred Nobel's original will).

Current affairs anchors for 2024-25: G20 summit presidencies (India 2023, Brazil 2024, South Africa 2025); Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 Aug 2023.

Census 2011: literacy rate 74.04% (male 82.14%, female 65.46%); sex ratio 943 females per 1000 males; child sex ratio (0-6) 919.

Constitutional basis: Art. 14 (equality), Art. 15(1) (no discrimination on sex), Art. 15(3) (special provisions for women), Art. 16 (equal opportunity in public employment), Art. 39(d) (equal pay), Art. 42 (maternity relief).

73rd/74th Amendments mandate one-third reservation for women in Panchayats and urban local bodies; many states, including MP, have raised it to 50%.

Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005: 'aggrieved person' covers any woman in a domestic relationship; reliefs include protection, residence, monetary, custody and compensation orders.

Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013: employer with 10+ workers must constitute an Internal Committee (IC); otherwise the Local Committee (LC) of the district handles complaints; inquiry to be completed in 90 days.

Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017: 26 weeks paid leave for the first two children (establishments with 10+ employees); 12 weeks for the third child; 12 weeks for adoptive and commissioning mothers.

Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 prohibits gender-based pay discrimination for same or similar work; Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 penalises giving and taking dowry.

Key indicators: sex ratio at birth, female literacy, female labour force participation rate (PLFS), maternal mortality ratio (SRS), and gender budgeting share of total expenditure.

UNCRC (1989) four guiding principles: non-discrimination; best interests of the child; right to life, survival and development; respect for the child's views. India ratified it in 1992.

Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015: 'child' means a person below 18; Child Care Institutions, Child Welfare Committees (CWC) and Juvenile Justice Boards (JJB) are the core structures.

POCSO Act, 2012: consent below 18 is legally invalid; child-friendly reporting, recording of statement at the child's residence, and no two-finger test; special courts mandated.

Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006: minimum marriage age 18 for girls and 21 for boys; child marriages are voidable at the child's option.

RTE Act, 2009: free and compulsory education for ages 6-14; no detention or expulsion till elementary completion; 25% seats in private unaided schools for disadvantaged groups.

Child development milestones: birth weight ~2.5-3 kg; social smile by 6-8 weeks; sits without support by 6-8 months; walks by 12-15 months; two-word sentences by 18-24 months.

National schemes: ICDS (anganwadi services), Poshan Abhiyaan, PM POSHAN (mid-day meal), Mission Vatsalya (child protection), and Childline 1098.

Core casework principles (Biestek): individualisation, purposeful expression of feelings, controlled emotional involvement, acceptance, non-judgmental attitude, client self-determination, confidentiality.

Social work values: dignity and worth of the person, social justice, service, integrity, competence; the problem-solving process runs engagement, assessment, planning, intervention, evaluation, termination.

Community organisation methods: community needs assessment, participatory planning, resource mobilisation, awareness building, and formation of self-help groups (SHGs).

SHG model: 10-20 members, weekly savings, internal lending, grading, and bank linkage after ~6 months of regular functioning; federations at cluster and block level.

Social legislation toolkit: Hindu Marriage Act 1955 (monogamy, divorce grounds), Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act 2005 (equal coparcenary rights for daughters), Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act 2007.

SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 and the 2018 amendment (no preliminary inquiry for certain offences); Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 provides free legal aid.

PRA tools used in community development: social mapping, resource mapping, transect walk, seasonal calendar, Venn diagram, wealth ranking, focus group discussion.

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (2015): tri-ministerial (WCD, Education, Health) campaign against gender-biased sex selection; focus on awareness, enrolment and survival.

Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana: girl child below 10; one account per girl (max two per family); deposits up to Rs 1.5 lakh per year; account matures 21 years from opening.

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana: maternity benefit of Rs 5,000 in instalments for the first living child (Rs 6,000 for a second child if a girl, under the revised rules).

Ujjwala (PMUY): free LPG connections for BPL women; Mahila Shakti Kendra, Mahila E-Haat, and STEP support women's entrepreneurship and skills.

One Stop Centres (Sakhi) and Women Helpline 181 provide integrated support to women facing violence; Childline 1098 and the 112 emergency helpline serve children and the public.

POSHAN Abhiyaan and ICDS provide supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check-ups, referral and pre-school education through anganwadi centres.

Mission Shakti (2022) subsumes schemes for women's safety and empowerment (Sambal) and creche/childcare support (Samarthya).

MP was formed on 1 November 1956; capital Bhopal; it is the second-largest state by area and is called the 'Heart of India' because it shares borders with five states.

Major rivers: Narmada (origin Amarkantak), Tapti, Chambal, Betwa, Son; the Narmada flows west into the Arabian Sea, the others east/south.

Forest cover is among the highest in India; Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Satpura, Panna and Kuno national parks are key tiger and wildlife reserves.

Cultural landmarks: Khajuraho temples (UNESCO World Heritage, Chandela dynasty), Sanchi stupa, Bhimbetka rock shelters (UNESCO), Gwalior fort and Tansen music tradition.

Fairs and festivals: Simhastha Kumbh at Ujjain (every 12 years on the Shipra), Narmada Jayanti, Bhagoria festival of the Bhil and Bhilala tribes, Lokrang at Bhopal.

Tribal groups include Gond, Bhil, Baiga, Korku and Sahariya; Baiga are known for bewar (shifting) cultivation in the Baiga Chak area.

Administrative facts: 55 districts (after 2023 reorganisation), divisions such as Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur, Gwalior, Sagar, Rewa, Ujjain, Narmadapuram, Shahdol and Chambal.

Sandhi: स्वर संधि (दो स्वरों का मेल), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण: विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास भेद: तत्पुरुष (राजपुत्र), कर्मधारय (नीलकमल), द्विगु (त्रिलोक), द्वंद्व (माता-पिता), बहुव्रीहि (दशानन), अव्ययीभाव (प्रतिदिन)।

उपसर्ग अर्थ बदलते हैं: अनु (पीछे/समान), अप (बुरा), नि (नीचे/अभाव), प्र (अधिक), वि (विशेष/विपरीत)। प्रत्यय दो प्रकार: कृत् (करने वाला) और तद्धित (नाम से नाम)।

वाक्य शुद्धि के बिंदु: लिंग, वचन, कारक और काल का अन्विति (agreement); कर्ता के अनुसार क्रिया का रूप।

मुहावरे अर्थ सहित: आँख का तारा (बहुत प्यारा), नौ दो ग्यारह होना (भाग जाना), ईद का चाँद (बहुत दिनों बाद दिखना), अंधे की लाठी (एकमात्र सहारा)।

पत्र लेखन प्रारूप: प्रेषक का पता, दिनांक, प्राप्तकर्ता का पता, विषय, संबोधन, मुख्य भाग, समापन और हस्ताक्षर।

संधि-विच्छेद और संधि में अंतर; शब्द-शक्ति: अभिधा (शब्दार्थ), लक्षणा (लाक्षणिक), व्यंजना (सूचित अर्थ)।

Subject-verb agreement: singular subjects take singular verbs; 'each, every, either, neither, everyone' are singular; 'none' may be singular or plural by sense.

Tenses: present perfect (has/have + V3) for past action with present relevance; past perfect (had + V3) for the earlier of two past actions.

Articles: 'a/an' before singular countable nouns; 'the' for specific/unique references; no article before uncountable nouns used generally.

Common error patterns: double comparatives (more better), misplaced modifiers, 'one of the' + plural noun + singular verb, and preposition collocations (depend on, consist of, capable of).

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by'; only transitive verbs can be made passive.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns to the reporting subject, shift tense one step back, change time/place words (today to that day, here to there).

Vocabulary building: synonyms/antonyms, one-word substitutions (philanthropist, optimist), idioms (a blessing in disguise), and cloze-test context clues.

Percentage change: increase = (new - old)/old x 100; successive changes of a% and b% give net a + b + ab/100.

Simple interest = P x R x T/100; compound interest = P(1 + R/100)^T - P; for two years, CI - SI = P(R/100)^2.

Speed, time, distance: distance = speed x time; average speed for equal distances = 2xy/(x + y); trains crossing each other add relative speeds.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d then ad = bc; partnership profit shares follow capital x time.

Number series and coding-decoding: check differences, squares/cubes, primes; letter positions A=1 to Z=26, reverse position = 27 - position.

Blood relations and direction sense: draw a diagram; left/right changes with facing direction; net displacement uses Pythagoras for right-angle turns.

Permutation/combination and probability: nPr = n!/(n-r)!, nCr = n!/(r!(n-r)!); probability = favourable outcomes/total outcomes.

Hardware vs software: CPU (ALU + control unit), RAM is volatile primary memory, ROM is non-volatile; secondary storage includes HDD, SSD and pen drives.

Memory units: 1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB; 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Ctrl+F find, Alt+Tab switch windows.

MS Word/Excel basics: Excel cell reference (A1), formula starts with '=', SUM/AVERAGE/COUNT functions; Word uses .docx, Excel .xlsx, PowerPoint .pptx.

Internet: URL structure (protocol://domain/path), HTTP/HTTPS, IP address, search engines, email fields To/Cc/Bcc; Bcc hides recipients from each other.

Digital governance: Aadhaar-based DBT, DigiLocker, UMANG, e-District portals, and the CM Helpline 181/1076 for grievance redressal in MP.

Cyber safety: strong passwords, OTP never shared, phishing links avoided, antivirus updates, and two-factor authentication for accounts.