Social Work Principles, Community Development, and Social Legislation
Principles of social casework
Biestek's seven principles are the most examined list: individualisation, purposeful expression of feelings, controlled emotional involvement, acceptance, non-judgemental attitude, client self-determination, and confidentiality. Learn the seven first, then attach a one-line explanation to each.
Methods and community development
Primary methods are casework, group work, community organisation, social action and social research; administration and supervision are secondary. Community development rests on felt needs, participation, self-reliance, democratic decision-making, use of local resources, and continuity. The community organiser is a catalyst, not a provider of readymade solutions.
Social legislation
Protective legislation (Domestic Violence Act 2005, POCSO 2012, Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006) shields vulnerable groups; reformatory legislation (Hindu Marriage Act 1955, Special Marriage Act 1954) changes personal law; social security legislation (Maternity Benefit Act, ESI Act) insures risk.
Worked example. A worker disagrees with a client's decision to marry early but still helps her examine her options and explains her legal rights. Which principle is she applying? Reasoning: acceptance and a non-judgemental attitude require treating the person as worthy regardless of the behaviour, while self-determination allows the client to choose. Professional duty still requires informing her of protection under the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006. Best answer: non-judgemental attitude.
Traps
- "Non-judgemental" does not mean approving of the act.
- Self-determination is bounded by law and the client's best interests.
- Confusing casework (individual) with community organisation (collective).