NHB Assistant Manager cheat sheet

Syllogism: 'All A are B' + 'All B are C' ⇒ 'All A are C'. 'Some A are B' converts to 'Some B are A' but 'All A are B' does not convert to 'All B are A'.

Blood relations: draw a family tree using + for male, − for female, horizontal line for siblings, vertical line for parent-child; 'maternal uncle' = mother's brother.

Coding-decoding: check letter position shifts (A=1…Z=26), reversal (A↔Z), and alternate-series patterns before assuming a random substitution.

Direction sense: net displacement = √(Σeast-west)² + (Σnorth-south)²; a left turn after facing north means facing west.

Seating arrangement (circular): for n people facing centre, opposite seat is n/2 positions away; adjacent is ±1; facing outward reverses left/right.

Computer: 1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB; 1 TB = 1024 GB.

OSI model layers (top to bottom): Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical - mnemonic 'All People Seem To Need Data Processing'.

Excel: absolute reference $A$1 fixes both column and row; relative A1 changes when copied; mixed $A1 fixes column only.

Input devices vs output devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, mic are input; monitor, printer, speaker, projector are output; touchscreen is both.

NHB (National Housing Bank) was established in 1988 under the National Housing Bank Act, 1987, as the principal agency to promote housing finance institutions; it is wholly owned by RBI.

RBI was nationalised in 1949; it is India's central bank, established on 1 April 1935 under the RBI Act, 1934.

Scheduled banks are listed in the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934; they must maintain CRR with RBI and SLR in approved securities.

Housing finance companies (HFCs) are regulated by RBI since 2019 (earlier NHB); they must be registered as NBFCs and comply with NHB/RBI directions.

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) has urban and rural components; the Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) provides interest subsidy on home loans for EWS/LIG/MIG categories.

Key banking terms: repo rate (RBI lends to banks), reverse repo (RBI borrows), CRR (cash reserve with RBI), SLR (liquid assets with bank), MSF (marginal standing facility).

Important financial inclusion: PMJDY (Jan Dhan Yojana) for bank accounts; Mudra Yojana for micro-enterprises; Stand-Up India for SC/ST and women entrepreneurs.

Housing finance regulators: NHB refinances HFCs; RBI regulates HFCs; SEBI regulates housing finance companies listed on stock exchanges.

SARFAESI Act, 2002 allows secured creditors to enforce security interest without court intervention; DRT (Debt Recovery Tribunal) handles recovery of debts above ₹20 lakh.

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'one of the + plural noun' takes singular verb (e.g., 'One of the boys is here').

Tenses: present perfect (has/have + past participle) for past actions with present relevance; simple past for completed actions at a definite past time.

Prepositions: 'since' with a point of time, 'for' with a duration; 'on' with days/dates, 'in' with months/years, 'at' with exact time.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific/unique items.

Active to passive: object becomes subject; verb becomes be + past participle; by + agent (optional). Example: 'She writes a letter' → 'A letter is written by her'.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns (first person to subject, second to object), tense backshift (present → past), and time/place words (now → then, here → there).

Common error: 'discuss about' is wrong; 'discuss' is transitive. Similarly 'return back', 'revert back', 'comprise of' are redundant.

Vocabulary: 'principal' = head of institution or main; 'principle' = rule/belief. 'Stationary' = not moving; 'stationery' = writing material.

Reading comprehension: identify main idea, supporting details, inference, and tone; do not import outside knowledge.

Simple Interest: SI = P × R × T / 100; Amount = P + SI.

Compound Interest: A = P(1 + R/100)^T; CI = A − P; for half-yearly compounding, rate = R/2 and time = 2T.

Percentage change: % change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive change of a% and b% = a + b + ab/100.

Profit/Loss: Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; Loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; SP = CP × (100 + Profit%)/100.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d then ad = bc; duplicate ratio of a:b is a²:b²; sub-duplicate is √a:√b.

Time and work: if A does work in x days, 1 day's work = 1/x; combined work rate = sum of individual rates; time = 1/(sum of rates).

Speed, time, distance: Distance = Speed × Time; to convert km/h to m/s multiply by 5/18; m/s to km/h multiply by 18/5.

Average: Average = Sum of observations / Number of observations; if each observation is increased by k, average increases by k.

Permutation and combination: nPr = n!/(n−r)!; nCr = n!/[r!(n−r)!]; nC0 = nCn = 1.

Mensuration: Area of circle = πr²; circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; surface area of sphere = 4πr².

Home loan eligibility: typically 60× net monthly income for salaried; EMI/NMI ratio should not exceed 50–60%; age plus tenure should not exceed 60–65 years for salaried.

Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratios per RBI: up to ₹30 lakh - 90%; ₹30–75 lakh - 80%; above ₹75 lakh - 75%.

EMI formula: EMI = P × r × (1+r)^n / [(1+r)^n − 1], where r = monthly interest rate (annual/12/100), n = tenure in months.

Types of mortgages: simple mortgage (personal liability), mortgage by conditional sale, usufructuary mortgage (possession to lender), English mortgage (absolute transfer with reconveyance), equitable mortgage (deposit of title deeds).

CERSAI: Central Registry of Securitisation Asset Reconstruction and Security Interest of India - records security interests in immovable property to prevent multiple financing.

KYC norms: customer identification via officially valid documents (Aadhaar, PAN, passport, voter ID, driving licence); periodic updation based on risk category.

Banking operations: NEFT (batch settlement), RTGS (real-time, minimum ₹2 lakh), IMPS (instant, 24×7), UPI (mobile-based).

Types of deposits: current account (no interest, for businesses), savings account (interest, limited withdrawals), fixed deposit (fixed tenure, higher interest), recurring deposit (monthly deposits).

Mortgage guaranty: NHB's Mortgage Guarantee Company (India) provides guarantee cover to lenders for home loans, reducing risk.

Basel III capital requirements: minimum Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) 4.5%, Tier 1 capital 6%, total capital 8% of risk-weighted assets; plus capital conservation buffer (2.5%) and countercyclical buffer (0–2.5%).

RBI's Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework triggers based on capital adequacy, asset quality (NNPA ratio), and leverage ratio; thresholds vary by indicator.

Non-Performing Asset (NPA): a loan becomes NPA when interest/principal is overdue for more than 90 days; sub-standard, doubtful, and loss assets are classified based on overdue period.

Provisioning norms: standard assets - 0.25–0.40%; sub-standard - 15% (secured) / 25% (unsecured); doubtful - 25–100%; loss assets - 100%.

Risk types: credit risk (default), market risk (interest rate, forex, equity), operational risk (process, people, systems), liquidity risk (inability to meet obligations).

ALM (Asset-Liability Management): matches maturities of assets and liabilities; gaps in 1–14 days, 15–28 days, etc.; liquidity ratio and interest rate sensitivity are monitored.

Compliance: banks must file CRILC (Central Repository of Information on Large Credits) reports for exposures above ₹5 crore; SMA (Special Mention Account) classification for early warning (SMA-0, SMA-1, SMA-2).

SARFAESI Act, 2002: allows enforcement of security interest after 60 days' notice; borrower can appeal to DRT within 30 days.

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016: resolution process within 180 days (extendable to 270 days); Committee of Creditors (CoC) decides with 66% majority.

Internal controls: segregation of duties, maker-checker principle, audit trail, and periodic reconciliation are core compliance requirements.