NIELIT CCC+ flashcards
NIELIT CCC+ · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Von Neumann architecture
- A design in which the CPU, memory, and input/output units share a single memory holding both program instructions and data, connected by a common bus.
- Volatile memory
- Memory that loses its stored contents when power is removed. RAM is volatile; ROM, SSDs, and hard disks retain data without power.
- Byte and bit
- A bit is one binary digit (0 or 1). A byte is 8 bits and can represent 256 distinct values, enough for one ASCII character.
- Cache memory
- Fast small memory between the CPU and RAM that holds recently used instructions and data, reducing average access time compared with fetching from RAM.
- ASCII
- A 7-bit character encoding defining 128 codes for English letters, digits, punctuation, and control characters. Extended ASCII uses 8 bits for 256 codes.
- HDMI port
- A digital interface carrying both high-definition video and audio over one cable, commonly used to connect a computer to a monitor, projector, or television.
- System software
- Software that manages hardware and provides a platform for applications, including the operating system, device drivers, and utility programs.
- Binary to decimal
- Convert by summing each 1-bit multiplied by its place value: 1101 equals 8+4+0+1, which is 13 in decimal.
- Booting
- The startup sequence: power-on self-test, locating the boot device, loading the bootloader and kernel, starting services, and presenting a login.
- File extension
- The suffix after the final dot in a filename indicating format, such as .docx for Word documents, .pdf for fixed-layout files, or .csv for comma-separated data.
- Ctrl+Z
- The standard undo shortcut in most word processors and applications; it reverses the most recent action. Ctrl+Y typically redoes the undone action.
- Paragraph style
- A named, reusable set of formatting attributes such as font, size, spacing, and alignment applied to whole paragraphs, enabling consistent formatting and automatic tables of contents.
- Header and footer
- Areas at the top and bottom of each page that repeat automatically across the document, commonly holding page numbers, titles, or dates.
- Find and Replace
- A word-processor feature that locates text matching a pattern and substitutes new text, optionally matching case or whole words, and can replace all matches at once.
- Absolute cell reference
- A reference written with dollar signs, such as $A$1, whose row and column stay fixed when the formula is copied to another cell.
- SUM function
- A spreadsheet function that adds all numbers in the given range or list, for example =SUM(A1:A10), ignoring text and empty cells.
- COUNT versus COUNTA
- COUNT returns the number of cells containing numbers; COUNTA returns the number of non-empty cells, including text and logical values.
- IF function
- A logical function of the form =IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false) that returns one of two results depending on whether the condition is met.
- VLOOKUP exact match
- A lookup that searches the first column of a table for a value and returns a cell from a specified column; the fourth argument must be FALSE for an exact match.
- #DIV/0! error
- A spreadsheet error shown when a formula divides by zero or by an empty cell. Guard it with IF or IFERROR to display a friendlier result.
- Pie chart
- A chart showing each category as a slice of a whole, suitable for one data series of parts that sum to a total; poor for many categories.
- Slide show shortcuts
- In presentation software, F5 starts the show from the first slide, Shift+F5 starts from the current slide, and Esc ends the show.
- Filtering
- A spreadsheet operation that temporarily hides rows not matching criteria without deleting them; clearing the filter restores all rows.
- DNS
- The Domain Name System translates human-readable domain names such as example.com into numeric IP addresses so browsers can reach servers.
- DHCP
- The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automatically assigns IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and DNS servers to devices joining a network.
- HTTPS
- HTTP carried over TLS encryption, using port 443 by default. It protects data in transit but a padlock alone does not prove a site is trustworthy.
- SMTP
- The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol used to send outgoing email from a client to a mail server and between servers, typically on port 25.
- IMAP versus POP3
- IMAP keeps messages synchronised on the server across devices; POP3 downloads messages to one device and may remove them from the server.
- Bcc field
- Blind carbon copy: recipients listed here receive the message but their addresses are hidden from all other recipients.
- Private IPv4 ranges
- Address blocks reserved for internal networks: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16. They are not routed on the public internet.
- UPI
- Unified Payments Interface, an Indian instant bank-to-bank payment system using a virtual payment address or QR code; a UPI PIN authorises each transaction.
- Phishing
- A fraudulent message or site imitating a trusted service to trick users into revealing passwords, OTPs, or card details; check the exact domain before responding.