NIELIT CCC flashcards
NIELIT CCC · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- What is a bit?
- A bit is the smallest unit of digital data, representing one binary digit: either 0 or 1. Eight bits form one byte.
- Function of the ALU
- The Arithmetic Logic Unit performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction) and logical comparisons (AND, OR, NOT) inside the CPU.
- RAM vs ROM
- RAM is volatile memory that holds running programs and loses data on power-off; ROM is non-volatile and stores permanent firmware such as the BIOS.
- What is system software?
- System software manages hardware and provides a platform for applications. Examples include the operating system, device drivers, and utility programs.
- Cold vs warm boot
- A cold boot starts a computer from a powered-off state; a warm boot restarts an already-running system without cutting power.
- What is a process?
- A process is a program in execution, with its own memory space, program counter, and resources. A thread is a smaller unit inside a process.
- Purpose of virtual memory
- Virtual memory uses disk space as an extension of RAM, letting programs exceed physical memory size. Excessive paging causes thrashing.
- Windows file path separator
- Windows paths use a backslash, as in C:\Users\Name\file.txt, while Linux and macOS paths use a forward slash.
- Mail merge purpose
- Mail merge combines a main document with a data source, such as a list of names and addresses, to produce personalized letters or labels.
- Ctrl+H shortcut
- In most word processors, Ctrl+H opens the Find and Replace dialog, allowing you to substitute text throughout the document.
- What does Track Changes do?
- Track Changes records insertions, deletions, and formatting edits as revisions, which can then be accepted or rejected individually.
- Justify alignment
- Justify alignment stretches text so both left and right margins are flush, adding space between words. Shortcut is Ctrl+J.
- Absolute cell reference
- An absolute reference such as $A$1 stays fixed when a formula is copied to another cell, unlike a relative reference that shifts.
- IF function syntax
- The IF function tests a condition and returns one value if true and another if false: =IF(A1>=40,"Pass","Fail").
- What causes #DIV/0!?
- The #DIV/0! error occurs when a formula divides by zero or by an empty cell, which the spreadsheet treats as zero.
- Which chart shows trends?
- A line chart best shows trends over time, while pie charts show parts of a whole and bar charts compare categories.
- What is VLOOKUP?
- VLOOKUP searches for a value in the first column of a table and returns a value from a specified column in the same row.
- Slide Master purpose
- The Slide Master stores global formatting for fonts, colors, and placeholders, so changes apply consistently to every slide in the presentation.
- Transition vs animation
- A transition is an effect between slides; an animation applies to individual objects within a single slide, such as text or images.
- Start slideshow from current
- Pressing Shift+F5 in PowerPoint begins the slideshow from the currently selected slide, while F5 starts from the first slide.
- Purpose of speaker notes
- Speaker notes hold talking points visible to the presenter on the presenter view but hidden from the audience during a slideshow.
- What is DNS?
- The Domain Name System translates human-readable domain names, such as example.com, into numeric IP addresses that computers use to route traffic.
- HTTP 404 meaning
- HTTP status code 404 means Not Found: the server received the request but no resource matches the requested URL.
- Internet vs WWW
- The Internet is the global physical network of networks; the World Wide Web is a hyperlinked information service that runs over the Internet.
- What does HTTPS provide?
- HTTPS encrypts web traffic using TLS, protecting data in transit from interception. A padlock icon indicates a secure connection.
- Difference between Cc and Bcc
- Cc recipients are visible to all recipients; Bcc recipients are hidden, so other recipients cannot see their addresses.
- SMTP vs POP3
- SMTP sends outgoing email from client to server; POP3 downloads incoming mail from the server to a local client.
- What is phishing?
- Phishing is a fraudulent email or message that impersonates a trusted source to trick users into revealing passwords or financial details.
- Reply All meaning
- Reply All sends a response to the original sender and to all recipients listed in the To and Cc fields.
- What is e-Governance?
- e-Governance uses information technology to deliver government services online, such as certificates, tax filing, and utility payments, improving access and transparency.
- What is a digital footprint?
- A digital footprint is the trail of data left by online activity, including posts, searches, and comments, that persists and can be traced.
- Purpose of two-factor authentication
- Two-factor authentication requires a second verification step, such as an OTP or authenticator code, beyond the password to confirm identity.