NISM Series XXIII flashcards
NISM Series XXIII · Build recall with a focused review session.
33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Social Impact Assessment
- A systematic process to analyse, monitor and manage the intended and unintended social consequences of planned interventions such as policies, programmes, plans and projects, including any social change processes they invoke.
- RFCTLARR Act 2013
- The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, which mandates Social Impact Assessment before most land acquisitions for public purpose in India.
- Section 4 SIA
- Section 4 of the RFCTLARR Act requires SIA and a Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme whenever the appropriate Government acquires land for a public purpose, subject to listed exemptions.
- Expert Group appraisal
- An independent multi-disciplinary group constituted under the RFCTLARR Act to appraise the SIA report and recommend whether the project serves the public purpose.
- Public hearing
- A statutory consultation held in the affected area where persons affected by land acquisition can record objections to the proposed acquisition and the SIA findings.
- Affected family definition
- Under RFCTLARR, a family whose land or other immovable property is acquired, or whose livelihood depends on the acquired land, including tenants and landless labourers.
- Gram Sabha consent
- Prior consent of the Gram Sabha is required for land acquisition in Scheduled Areas, reflecting the PESA and Forest Rights Act framework for tribal self-governance.
- Seventy and eighty percent consent
- Under RFCTLARR Section 2(2), PPP projects need consent of 70 percent of affected families and private company projects need 80 percent, where applicable.
- Mitigation hierarchy
- A decision rule in SIA ranking options as avoid, minimise, restore or rehabilitate, and finally compensate for residual impacts; compensation alone is least preferred.
- Baseline socio-economic profile
- A pre-project description of demography, landholding, occupations, incomes, dependence on common property resources and social infrastructure against which impacts are measured.
- Census of affected households
- A complete enumeration of all households affected by a project, preferred in SIA where numbers are manageable to avoid sampling error and omission.
- Participatory Rural Appraisal
- A family of participatory tools such as resource mapping, transect walks, seasonal calendars and wealth ranking used to capture community knowledge in SIA.
- Impact significance rating
- A judgement combining magnitude and probability of an impact, modified by direction, duration, reversibility and spatial extent, to prioritise mitigation.
- With and without project
- A comparison of the projected social conditions with the project against those without it, used to isolate the project's incremental social impact.
- Free Prior Informed Consent
- An international norm, rooted in UNDRIP and IFC Performance Standards, requiring indigenous communities' consent before interventions affecting their lands and livelihoods.
- Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme
- A statutory plan under RFCTLARR detailing entitlements, timelines and implementing responsibilities for persons displaced by land acquisition.
- Administrator for R&R
- The officer appointed under RFCTLARR to implement the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme and ensure entitlements reach affected families.
- Ombudsman under RFCTLARR
- An authority appointed to hear grievances relating to rehabilitation and resettlement and land acquisition, providing a redress mechanism outside the courts.
- EIA Notification 2006
- India's environmental clearance framework, which classifies projects as Category A or B and requires public consultation, including social dimensions, in the appraisal process.
- Social impact categories
- Standard SIA impact areas: land and livelihood loss, displacement, health and safety, cultural heritage, gender impacts, vulnerable groups and community infrastructure.
- Vulnerable group disaggregation
- The practice of separately analysing impacts on Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, women, children, the elderly and persons with disabilities, who face disproportionate harm.
- Common property resources
- Shared community assets such as grazing land, forest produce and water bodies whose loss in SIA is often underestimated because they lack individual title.
- Landless and tenant impacts
- SIA must capture livelihood loss of tenants, sharecroppers and landless labourers who depend on acquired land but hold no formal title to it.
- SIA team composition
- Under RFCTLARR Section 4(5), the team includes at least two social science experts and one rehabilitation and resettlement expert.
- Local language publication
- SIA and Expert Group reports must be published in the local language at Panchayat or Municipal offices and the District Collector's office for public objection.
- Urgency clause acquisition
- Section 40 of RFCTLARR allows acquisition without full SIA in urgent cases, but requires enhanced compensation and a subsequent R&R scheme.
- Scheduled Area acquisition
- Land acquisition in Fifth Schedule Scheduled Areas requires Gram Sabha consent, and the SIA must assess impacts on tribal cultural and community rights.
- Stakeholder mapping
- Identifying all parties with an interest in or affected by a project, including direct losers, beneficiaries, local institutions and marginalised groups, before consultation begins.
- Focus group discussion
- A facilitated group interview with a homogeneous set of participants, used in SIA to surface shared perceptions, gender-specific concerns and community priorities.
- Leopold matrix
- A two-axis matrix crossing project actions against environmental and social components, used to identify interactions and flag impacts requiring detailed assessment.
- Monitoring indicators
- Measurable variables, such as income restoration and resettlement completion, tracked after project approval to verify that mitigation commitments are actually delivered.
- Informed consent in SIA
- The ethical requirement that research participants understand the study's purpose, sponsor and use of data, and agree to participate without coercion.
- Social change process
- A broader societal shift, such as urbanisation or migration, triggered by an intervention, which SIA must distinguish from the direct project impacts themselves.