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OPSC AAO practice questions

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Question 1Agriculture

Which soil order in USDA Soil Taxonomy is dominated by strongly weathered, kaolinite-rich, low-base-saturation soils of humid tropical regions?

  1. Oxisol Correct answer.
  2. Aridisol
  3. Mollisol
  4. Gelisol

Explanation

Oxisols are intensely weathered, kaolinite- and iron-oxide-rich soils with low cation exchange capacity and low base saturation, characteristic of humid tropics. Mollisols are dark, base-rich grassland soils, Aridisols are dry-region soils, and Gelisols are frozen soils.

Question 2Agriculture

In crop production, the term 'critical period of weed competition' refers to the growth stage during which:

  1. crop plants are most tolerant to post-emergence herbicides
  2. weed seeds germinate most rapidly in the field
  3. weeds must be controlled to prevent unacceptable yield loss Correct answer.
  4. herbicide application gives maximum soil residual activity

Explanation

The critical period is the interval in the crop cycle when weed interference most reduces yield, so control during this window protects productivity. Outside this window, competition has less effect on final yield.

Question 3Agriculture

Which practice most directly reduces nitrate leaching from an agricultural field into groundwater?

  1. Applying nitrogen in split doses matched to crop uptake Correct answer.
  2. Increasing the single pre-plant nitrogen application rate
  3. Deep plowing immediately after a heavy rainfall
  4. Burning crop residues after harvest

Explanation

Split applications synchronize nitrogen supply with crop demand, so less nitrate remains in the soil solution to leach below the root zone. Large single applications and residue burning leave excess mobile nitrate vulnerable to leaching.

Question 4Agriculture

The main purpose of seed certification in agricultural seed production is to:

  1. ensure seed is treated with fungicide before sale
  2. replace plant variety protection laws
  3. guarantee genetic purity and quality through field and laboratory standards Correct answer.
  4. fix the market price of certified seed

Explanation

Seed certification verifies varietal identity, genetic purity, and quality through inspection and testing against published standards. It does not set prices, replace intellectual property law, or mandate fungicide treatment.

Question 5Agriculture

Which irrigation method generally achieves the highest water application efficiency on a leveled field with light-textured soil?

  1. Basin flooding
  2. Furrow irrigation
  3. Wild flooding
  4. Drip irrigation Correct answer.

Explanation

Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone, minimizing evaporation, runoff, and deep percolation, which gives the highest application efficiency. Flooding methods lose water to runoff and percolation, especially on light soils.

Question 6Agriculture

In animal husbandry, the term 'colostrum' is important because it:

  1. replaces the need for mineral supplementation
  2. provides maternal antibodies and energy to the newborn Correct answer.
  3. serves as the primary roughage in adult rations
  4. stimulates milk let-down in the dam

Explanation

Colostrum is the first milk and is rich in immunoglobulins and energy, providing passive immunity to newborns before their own immune system matures. Timing of intake in the first hours after birth is critical.

Question 7Agriculture

Which of the following is a leguminous green manure crop commonly used to add nitrogen to soil?

  1. Sunhemp Correct answer.
  2. Maize
  3. Sorghum
  4. Pearl millet

Explanation

Sunhemp (Crotalaria) is a legume that forms symbiotic associations with rhizobia and fixes atmospheric nitrogen, making it useful as a green manure. Maize, sorghum, and pearl millet are non-leguminous cereals.

Question 8Agriculture

The primary function of a tractor three-point hitch with draft control is to:

  1. increase engine speed under heavy load
  2. steer the implement independently of the tractor
  3. provide power to the implement through a PTO shaft
  4. maintain implement depth by sensing draft load Correct answer.

Explanation

Draft control senses the pulling force of the implement and adjusts hitch height to keep draft within a set range, improving depth uniformity on variable soils. PTO drive and engine governing are separate functions.

Question 9Agriculture

A farmer wants to control a persistent perennial weed with deep rhizomes. Which integrated approach is most likely to succeed?

  1. Mowing once at flowering and leaving the residues in place
  2. A single contact herbicide application at the seedling stage
  3. Flooding the field for one day before sowing
  4. Repeated cultivation combined with a systemic herbicide applied at the right growth stage Correct answer.

Explanation

Perennial weeds with rhizomes regenerate from underground storage organs, so control requires depleting reserves through repeated cultivation and systemic herbicides that translocate to the roots. Single contact sprays or one mowing leave the rhizome system intact.

Question 10Agriculture

A soil test reports a cation exchange capacity of 5 cmol(+)/kg and 60% base saturation. What is the approximate amount of exchangeable basic cations?

  1. 8 cmol(+)/kg
  2. 3 cmol(+)/kg Correct answer.
  3. 5 cmol(+)/kg
  4. 0.6 cmol(+)/kg

Explanation

Exchangeable basic cations equal CEC multiplied by base saturation, so 5 × 0.60 = 3 cmol(+)/kg. Base saturation expresses the fraction of exchange sites occupied by basic cations.

Question 11Agriculture

In a breeding program, a pureline variety is developed mainly by:

  1. random mating among unrelated genotypes
  2. doubling chromosomes with colchicine in a hybrid population
  3. self-pollination with selection over successive generations Correct answer.
  4. crossing two hybrids and releasing the F1 seed

Explanation

Pureline varieties are produced by continuous selfing and selection so that the line becomes genetically uniform and homozygous. Random mating, colchicine doubling, and F1 hybrid release describe other breeding methods.

Question 12Agriculture

A crop shows interveinal chlorosis on young leaves while older leaves remain green. Which nutrient deficiency is most consistent with this symptom?

  1. Potassium
  2. Iron Correct answer.
  3. Magnesium
  4. Nitrogen

Explanation

Iron is immobile in the plant, so deficiency appears first on young leaves as interveinal chlorosis. Nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium are mobile and typically show symptoms on older leaves first.

Question 13Agriculture

In integrated pest management, the economic threshold is defined as the pest density at which:

  1. the pest population is guaranteed to collapse naturally
  2. the crop reaches its maximum yield potential
  3. control measures should be initiated to prevent economic loss Correct answer.
  4. pesticide resistance first appears in the population

Explanation

The economic threshold is the pest density at which the cost of control equals the value of yield loss avoided, so intervention is justified. It is an action trigger, not a natural collapse point or a resistance marker.

Question 14Agriculture

Which conservation agriculture principle most directly improves soil aggregate stability and reduces erosion?

  1. Burning residues to clear the seedbed
  2. Continuous monocropping without residue return
  3. Annual deep inversion tillage
  4. Maintaining permanent soil cover with crop residues Correct answer.

Explanation

Permanent soil cover protects the surface from raindrop impact and adds organic matter, which promotes aggregation and reduces erosion. Inversion tillage, residue removal, and burning degrade structure and expose soil.

Question 15Agriculture

A dairy ration is being balanced. Which feed is best described as a concentrate energy source rather than a roughage?

  1. Berseem hay
  2. Ground maize grain Correct answer.
  3. Maize silage
  4. Napier grass fodder

Explanation

Ground maize grain is high in starch and low in fiber, making it a concentrate energy feed. Silage, hay, and fodder grasses are roughages with high fiber content.

Question 16Agriculture

In apiculture, the main role of worker bees in a colony is to:

  1. lay eggs to maintain colony population
  2. mate with virgin queens in flight
  3. perform foraging, nursing, and hive maintenance tasks Correct answer.
  4. regulate the temperature of the queen only

Explanation

Workers are sterile females that carry out the colony's labor, including foraging, brood care, comb building, and defense. Egg laying is the queen's function and mating is performed by drones.

Question 17Agriculture

A field has a slope of 4% and is being planned for contour cultivation. The main advantage of contour farming on such a slope is that it:

  1. prevents all soil loss regardless of cover
  2. increases the effective slope length down the field
  3. eliminates the need for any drainage structures
  4. reduces the velocity of runoff and increases infiltration Correct answer.

Explanation

Contour farming aligns rows across the slope, slowing runoff, trapping sediment, and allowing more time for infiltration. It reduces but does not eliminate erosion and does not replace needed drainage or cover.

Question 18Agriculture

Which post-harvest practice best reduces losses from insect infestation in stored grain without chemical treatment?

  1. Drying grain to a safe moisture level and storing it in airtight conditions Correct answer.
  2. Mixing fresh grain with infested old grain
  3. Increasing storage temperature to drive insects away
  4. Storing freshly harvested damp grain in open bags

Explanation

Low moisture and airtight storage limit insect development and mold growth, protecting grain quality. Damp, open, or mixed storage promotes infestation and spoilage.

Question 19Agriculture

In a rice field, a C3 crop is compared with a maize field, a C4 crop, under the same high temperature and light. Which statement best explains the difference in photosynthetic efficiency?

  1. C4 plants concentrate CO2 at Rubisco, reducing photorespiration and improving efficiency Correct answer.
  2. C4 plants use only cyclic electron transport for carbon fixation
  3. C3 plants have a higher CO2 compensation point and therefore higher net photosynthesis
  4. C3 plants avoid photorespiration entirely at high temperature

Explanation

C4 plants use a biochemical CO2-concentrating mechanism that suppresses photorespiration at high temperature and light, raising net photosynthetic efficiency. C3 plants photorespire more under these conditions and have a higher CO2 compensation point.

Question 20Agriculture

A farmer applies a non-selective, systemic herbicide to a field before sowing a crop. This practice is best described as:

  1. a soil fumigation treatment
  2. a pre-plant burndown treatment Correct answer.
  3. a post-emergence selective treatment
  4. a pre-emergence residual treatment

Explanation

A systemic non-selective herbicide applied before sowing to clear existing vegetation is a burndown. Pre-emergence residual and post-emergence selective treatments are defined by timing relative to crop and weeds.

Question 21Agriculture

In farm power and machinery, the term 'specific fuel consumption' of an engine is expressed as:

  1. ratio of PTO speed to engine speed
  2. total fuel tank capacity per hectare
  3. fuel consumed per unit of power produced per unit time Correct answer.
  4. engine displacement per unit of horsepower

Explanation

Specific fuel consumption measures fuel used per unit of power output over time, typically in g/kWh, and indicates engine efficiency. It is not a tank capacity, displacement, or speed ratio.

Question 22Agriculture

A soil has a pH of 5.2 and high exchangeable aluminum. Which amendment is most appropriate to raise pH and reduce aluminum toxicity?

  1. Elemental sulfur
  2. Ammonium sulfate
  3. Agricultural lime Correct answer.
  4. Gypsum

Explanation

Lime raises soil pH and precipitates exchangeable aluminum, alleviating toxicity in acid soils. Sulfur and ammonium sulfate acidify soil further, and gypsum supplies calcium and sulfur without raising pH.

Question 23Agriculture

A seed lot has 90% germination and 95% purity. What is its pure live seed percentage?

  1. 95.0%
  2. 85.5% Correct answer.
  3. 90.0%
  4. 92.5%

Explanation

Pure live seed percentage equals germination percentage multiplied by purity percentage divided by 100, so 90 × 95 / 100 = 85.5%. It estimates the proportion of the lot that is viable pure seed.

Question 24Agriculture

In a sprinkler irrigation system, the uniformity coefficient is most influenced by:

  1. slope of the field boundary only
  2. total depth of water applied during the season
  3. crop rooting depth at the time of irrigation
  4. spacing of sprinklers relative to their wetted diameter and operating pressure Correct answer.

Explanation

Application uniformity depends on sprinkler spacing, nozzle size, operating pressure, and wind, which together determine overlap of wetted patterns. Seasonal depth, rooting depth, and boundary slope do not directly set uniformity.

Question 25Agriculture

A livestock producer observes a herd with poor growth despite adequate feed quantity. Which factor best explains reduced feed conversion efficiency?

  1. Feeding at a consistent time each day
  2. Imbalance of essential amino acids and micronutrients in the ration Correct answer.
  3. Increased water availability in the trough
  4. Use of a balanced mineral mixture

Explanation

Feed conversion depends on nutrient balance, especially amino acid profile and micronutrients; imbalance limits utilization even when total feed quantity is adequate. Water access, balanced minerals, and regular feeding support, not reduce, efficiency.

Question 26Agriculture

In Odisha's upland rice fields, the practice of 'beusaning' refers to which agricultural operation?

  1. Harvesting paddy with a serrated sickle at field moisture
  2. Threshing paddy by trampling under cattle
  3. Transplanting seedlings into a flooded puddled field
  4. Sowing seeds directly behind the plough without puddling Correct answer.

Explanation

Beusaning (also called beusani or dry direct seeding) is a traditional Odisha practice of broadcasting or drilling paddy seed into moist, unpuddled soil immediately after ploughing, mainly for rainfed uplands where water for puddling is scarce. It saves water and labour compared with conventional transplanting.

Question 27Agriculture

Which of the following is a major kharif pulse grown in Odisha that is typically sown with the onset of the southwest monsoon?

  1. Lathyrus (khesari)
  2. Arhar (pigeon pea) Correct answer.
  3. Chickpea (gram)
  4. Lentil (masur)

Explanation

Pigeon pea (arhar/tur) is a kharif pulse sown with monsoon rains and harvested later in the season. Odisha grows it as an upland intercrop, often with groundnut or cereals, because it tolerates warm humid conditions.

Question 28Agriculture

A farmer in the coastal alluvial belt of Odisha finds his soil is saline with an electrical conductivity of 6 dS/m and pH 8.1. Which management practice is most appropriate for sustaining rice yield?

  1. Applying gypsum at 5 t/ha before puddling
  2. Growing a salt-tolerant rice variety with adequate drainage and leaching Correct answer.
  3. Deep ploughing to bury the salt layer permanently
  4. Applying lime to bring the pH above 9

Explanation

For saline (not sodic) soils, the practical approach is to use salt-tolerant varieties combined with drainage and leaching so salts are moved below the root zone. Gypsum is the amendment for sodic soils with high exchangeable sodium, not for salinity alone.

Question 29Agriculture

In Odisha agriculture, 'Aman' and 'Sarad' rice crops are distinguished mainly by:

  1. Their season of cultivation and harvesting period Correct answer.
  2. Their milling quality only
  3. Their seed rate per hectare
  4. Their irrigation source only

Explanation

The terms classify rice by season: Aman is the main kharif/wet-season crop harvested in autumn-winter, while Sarad is a mid-season crop grown between kharif and rabi. The distinction is calendar-based rather than about milling or seed rate.

Question 30Agriculture

A farmer wants to grow a crop that fixes atmospheric nitrogen through stem-nodule symbiosis in flooded paddy. Which crop is best suited?

  1. Sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea)
  2. Sesbania rostrata Correct answer.
  3. Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata)
  4. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum)

Explanation

Sesbania rostrata forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on both roots and stems and grows well in waterlogged conditions, making it a preferred green manure for flooded rice. It is often grown in situ and incorporated before transplanting.

Question 31Agriculture

In the context of Odisha's rainfed uplands, 'line sowing' rather than broadcasting of finger millet is preferred mainly because line sowing:

  1. Guarantees higher germination than broadcasting
  2. Permits easier interculture, weeding and plant population control Correct answer.
  3. Eliminates the need for any fertilizer application
  4. Removes the need for seed treatment

Explanation

Line sowing places seed at uniform spacing and depth, which allows mechanical or manual interculture, easier weeding, and a controllable plant stand. It does not by itself guarantee germination or replace fertilizer and seed treatment.

Question 32Agriculture

Which soil-water conservation structure is most appropriate for harvesting runoff in a medium-textured agricultural watershed of Odisha with a gently sloping terrain?

  1. A gabion wall across the main channel
  2. A farm pond at the lowest point of the watershed Correct answer.
  3. A contour trench on steep hill slopes
  4. A check dam on a first-order stream

Explanation

A farm pond located at a low point collects runoff from the surrounding catchment and stores it for supplemental irrigation. On gently sloping farmland it is the standard water-harvesting structure, whereas check dams and gabions are for stream channels and contour trenches for steep slopes.

Question 33Agriculture

A soil test recommends 60 kg N, 30 kg P2O5 and 30 kg K2O per hectare. If urea (46% N), single superphosphate (16% P2O5) and muriate of potash (60% K2O) are used, what quantity of urea is required per hectare?

  1. 130 kg Correct answer.
  2. 60 kg
  3. 46 kg
  4. 90 kg

Explanation

Urea required equals the nitrogen dose divided by its nitrogen fraction: 60/0.46 = 130.4 kg per hectare. This is the standard conversion used in fertilizer recommendation calculations.

Question 34Agriculture

In seed production, the main purpose of maintaining an isolation distance between two varieties of a cross-pollinated crop is to:

  1. Improve the germination percentage of the seed lot
  2. Prevent mechanical mixing during harvesting
  3. Prevent genetic contamination through cross-pollination Correct answer.
  4. Reduce the incidence of seed-borne diseases

Explanation

Isolation distance limits pollen movement between varieties, thereby preventing unwanted cross-pollination and preserving genetic purity of the seed crop. It does not by itself control disease or germination.

Question 35Agriculture

A farmer notices that his groundnut crop shows small, dark lesions on the leaves with yellow halos, and the disease spreads rapidly in humid weather. Which pathogen group is most likely responsible and what is the recommended control?

  1. Early leaf spot (Cercospora); use a protectant fungicide and resistant variety Correct answer.
  2. Rust; apply only nitrogen fertilizer
  3. Bacterial wilt; apply streptocycline
  4. Nematode; apply only organic manure

Explanation

Early leaf spot of groundnut is caused by Cercospora species and produces brown spots with yellow halos, spreading fast in humid conditions. Management combines resistant varieties with timely fungicidal sprays and crop rotation.

Question 36Agriculture

Which factor most strongly determines the water requirement of a rice crop during the reproductive stage in a humid coastal district?

  1. Soil colour
  2. Number of seedlings per hill
  3. Evapotranspiration demand and standing water depth Correct answer.
  4. Seed rate used at transplanting

Explanation

Crop water requirement is driven by evapotranspiration, which depends on weather, plus the depth of water maintained in the field. Seed rate and seedling number affect plant population but not the evaporative demand directly.

Question 37Agriculture

In Odisha, the 'System of Rice Intensification' (SRI) differs from conventional transplanting mainly because it:

  1. Keeps the field continuously submerged throughout the season
  2. Relies entirely on chemical fertilizers
  3. Uses older seedlings and denser planting
  4. Transplants young single seedlings with wide spacing and alternate wetting and drying Correct answer.

Explanation

SRI uses young seedlings (about 8-12 days old), single seedlings per hill, wide spacing, and alternate wetting and drying rather than continuous submergence. These practices promote root and tiller development with less water.

Question 38Agriculture

A dairy farmer in Odisha wants to improve milk yield of crossbred cows fed mainly paddy straw. Which supplementation strategy is most appropriate?

  1. Restricting water intake to concentrate the milk
  2. Feeding only green fodder without any concentrate
  3. Adding a concentrate mixture with protein and energy plus mineral mixture Correct answer.
  4. Increasing paddy straw alone to fill the rumen

Explanation

Paddy straw is low in protein and energy, so milk yield improves when a balanced concentrate with protein, energy and minerals is added along with green fodder. Simply increasing straw fills the rumen without supplying limiting nutrients.

Question 39Agriculture

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the preparation of good-quality farmyard manure?

  1. Burn the dung, mix ash with soil, and store in a dry pit
  2. Store dung in a waterlogged pit without aeration
  3. Collect dung and urine, mix with bedding, heap in layers, keep moist and turn periodically until decomposed Correct answer.
  4. Spread fresh dung directly on the field without composting

Explanation

Farmyard manure is prepared by collecting dung and urine with bedding material, heaping it in layers, maintaining moisture, and turning the heap periodically so aerobic decomposition produces well-rotted manure. Proper aeration and moisture are essential for quality.

Question 40Agriculture

In apiculture, the term 'swarming' in a honeybee colony refers to:

  1. The drones being expelled before winter
  2. The colony dividing, with the old queen leaving with a group of workers Correct answer.
  3. The queen laying eggs in worker cells
  4. Workers collecting nectar from flowers

Explanation

Swarming is the natural reproduction of a colony in which the old queen departs with a portion of the workers to establish a new nest, leaving the parent colony with a new queen. Beekeepers manage swarming to prevent loss of colonies and honey yield.

Question 41Agriculture

A farmer wants to store paddy seed for the next season. Which combination of conditions will best maintain seed viability?

  1. High humidity with free air circulation
  2. Sealed in moist jute bags in sunlight
  3. High moisture and warm temperature
  4. Low moisture and cool, dry storage Correct answer.

Explanation

Seed viability is best maintained by drying seed to safe moisture (about 12-13% for paddy) and storing it in cool, dry conditions that slow respiration and fungal growth. High moisture and warmth accelerate deterioration.

Question 42Agriculture

In farm machinery, the 'draft' of a tillage implement refers to:

  1. The depth of ploughing achieved
  2. The vertical load transmitted to the tractor wheels
  3. The speed of the tractor in km/h
  4. The horizontal force required to pull the implement through the soil Correct answer.

Explanation

Draft is the horizontal resistance offered by soil to the implement during tillage, and it determines the power requirement. It increases with depth, width of cut, soil moisture and speed.

Question 43Agriculture

A farmer applies 100 kg of diammonium phosphate (18% N, 46% P2O5) per hectare. Approximately how much P2O5 does this supply?

  1. 18 kg
  2. 64 kg
  3. 100 kg
  4. 46 kg Correct answer.

Explanation

The quantity of nutrient equals the fertilizer dose multiplied by its nutrient percentage: 100 kg × 0.46 = 46 kg P2O5 per hectare. This is the standard nutrient conversion used in fertilizer planning.

Question 44Agriculture

Which practice best reduces post-harvest losses from aflatoxin in stored groundnut in humid coastal Odisha?

  1. Drying pods quickly to safe moisture and storing in dry, ventilated conditions Correct answer.
  2. Storing pods at high moisture in closed rooms
  3. Mixing fresh and old stock in the same bag
  4. Sprinkling water on pods to prevent cracking

Explanation

Aflatoxin is produced by Aspergillus flavus when groundnut is stored at high moisture and humidity. Rapid drying to safe moisture and dry, ventilated storage prevents fungal growth and toxin formation.

Question 45Agriculture

In the context of integrated farming systems promoted in Odisha, combining paddy cultivation with fish rearing in the same field is termed:

  1. Silvipasture
  2. Horticulture
  3. Paddy-cum-fish culture Correct answer.
  4. Sericulture

Explanation

Paddy-cum-fish culture integrates rice and fish in the same field, where fish control weeds and insects and their excreta adds nutrients. It increases income per unit area and improves resource use efficiency.

Question 46Agriculture

A soil in Odisha has a pH of 4.8 with high exchangeable aluminium. Which amendment is most appropriate and at what basis is the dose calculated?

  1. Common salt, based on electrical conductivity
  2. Lime, based on lime requirement determined by buffer pH or exchangeable aluminium Correct answer.
  3. Gypsum, based on exchangeable sodium percentage
  4. Urea, based on nitrogen requirement

Explanation

Acidic soils with high exchangeable aluminium are corrected by applying agricultural lime, with the dose based on lime requirement estimated from buffer pH or exchangeable aluminium. Liming raises pH and precipitates toxic aluminium.

Question 47Agriculture

Which of the following best explains why crop rotation with a non-host crop reduces soil-borne disease incidence?

  1. It raises soil pH above 9 permanently
  2. It eliminates the need for any irrigation
  3. It increases the inoculum of the pathogen in the soil
  4. It reduces the pathogen population by depriving it of its host Correct answer.

Explanation

Soil-borne pathogens survive on specific hosts; growing a non-host crop deprives them of food and reproduction, so their population declines over successive seasons. This is the basis of rotational disease management.

Question 48Agriculture

In the context of Odisha's agricultural extension, the 'Krushak Sathi' initiative primarily aims to:

  1. Deliver advisory services and inputs information to farmers at the village level Correct answer.
  2. Construct major irrigation dams
  3. Regulate agricultural commodity prices
  4. Provide direct income support to farmers

Explanation

Krushak Sathi is an Odisha government initiative that deploys extension personnel to provide farm advisory services, disseminate information on inputs and schemes, and link farmers to support systems at the village level.

Question 49Agriculture

A farmer observes that his brinjal crop has fruits with circular holes and the interior is damaged by a caterpillar. Which pest is most likely and what is the recommended management?

  1. Aphids; spray soap solution only
  2. Whitefly; apply only organic manure
  3. Mealybug; apply only nitrogen fertilizer
  4. Brinjal shoot and fruit borer; remove infested shoots and fruits and use need-based insecticide or pheromone traps Correct answer.

Explanation

The brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) bores into shoots and fruits, causing circular entry holes and internal damage. Management includes clipping and destroying infested shoots and fruits, using pheromone traps, and applying insecticides only when thresholds are reached.

Question 50Agriculture

In the context of farm power, the term 'brake horsepower' of a tractor engine refers to:

  1. The power available at the power take-off shaft
  2. The pulling power at the drawbar
  3. The power measured at the engine flywheel or output shaft under load Correct answer.
  4. The power lost in friction within the engine only

Explanation

Brake horsepower is the useful power delivered by the engine at its output shaft, measured by a dynamometer or brake arrangement. Drawbar horsepower and PTO horsepower are lower because of transmission and traction losses.