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Punjab PSEB Matric Home Science study materials
Punjab PSEB Matric Home Science study resources

Punjab PSEB Matric Home Science practice questions

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Question 1Home Science

Which nutrient is the main source of energy for the human body and should form the largest share of a balanced Punjabi diet based on whole wheat roti and rice?

  1. Carbohydrates Correct answer.
  2. Vitamins
  3. Minerals
  4. Proteins

Explanation

Carbohydrates are the body's primary and cheapest source of energy, supplying about 4 kilocalories per gram. Cereals such as wheat and rice, staples of the Punjabi diet, are carbohydrate-rich foods that fuel daily activity. Proteins build and repair tissues, while vitamins and minerals regulate body processes rather than supply bulk energy.

Question 2Home Science

A student wants to remove the tough outer bran from wheat flour to make very fine maida for pastries. Which nutritional loss is the most important consequence of this refining?

  1. Increase in protein content of the flour
  2. Increase in vitamin C content of the flour
  3. Complete loss of starch from the flour
  4. Loss of dietary fibre, B vitamins and minerals present in the bran and germ Correct answer.

Explanation

The bran and germ layers of the wheat grain carry most of the fibre, B-group vitamins and minerals, so removing them to make maida leaves mainly starchy endosperm. Refined flour is therefore poorer in fibre and micronutrients than whole wheat atta. Starch is retained, not lost, and protein quality does not improve with refining.

Question 3Home Science

Which cooking method best preserves the water-soluble vitamins of green leafy vegetables such as palak while making them safe and palatable?

  1. Soaking in water overnight before cooking
  2. Boiling in a large volume of water and discarding the water
  3. Frying for a long time in deep oil
  4. Steaming or stir-frying quickly with minimal water Correct answer.

Explanation

Water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin C and folate leach into cooking water and are destroyed by prolonged heat. Steaming or quick stir-frying uses little water and short cooking time, so losses are minimised. Boiling and discarding the water removes these vitamins, and long soaking also leaches them out.

Question 4Home Science

Which food group is the richest plant source of good-quality protein among common Punjabi foods, making it important in vegetarian diets?

  1. Refined sugar and jaggery
  2. Pulses such as dal, rajma and chana Correct answer.
  3. Potato and other tubers
  4. Butter and ghee

Explanation

Pulses are legumes with a high protein content, roughly 20 to 25 percent, and are the backbone of protein supply in vegetarian diets. Combining dal with cereal improves protein quality through mutual supplementation of amino acids. Sugar, fats and tubers supply mainly energy with little protein.

Question 5Home Science

A family wants to improve the protein quality of a simple meal of wheat roti and dal. Which principle explains why this combination is nutritionally better than either food eaten alone?

  1. Increased fat content of the combined meal
  2. Destruction of anti-nutritional factors during cooking
  3. Conversion of carbohydrate into protein in the stomach
  4. Supplementary action of proteins, where limiting amino acids of one food are supplied by the other Correct answer.

Explanation

Cereals are low in lysine but rich in methionine, while pulses are rich in lysine but low in methionine. Eaten together they supplement each other's limiting amino acids and give a protein quality closer to animal protein. This is the principle of mutual or protein supplementation. Fat content and carbohydrate conversion do not explain the improvement.

Question 6Home Science

Which of the following is a rich source of calcium suitable for a growing adolescent in Punjab?

  1. Refined wheat flour
  2. Mustard oil
  3. White sugar
  4. Milk and curd Correct answer.

Explanation

Milk and milk products such as curd are the richest dietary sources of calcium, which is needed for bone and teeth growth during adolescence. Cereals, oils and sugars contain little calcium. Regular intake of milk or curd therefore helps meet the high calcium requirement of growing children.

Question 7Home Science

Which deficiency disease results from a prolonged lack of vitamin A in the diet of a young child?

  1. Rickets
  2. Beriberi
  3. Night blindness Correct answer.
  4. Scurvy

Explanation

Vitamin A is needed to form rhodopsin, the visual pigment of the retina, so its deficiency first shows as night blindness and can progress to xerophthalmia. Green leafy vegetables, carrots, papaya and milk are good sources. Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency, scurvy by vitamin C and beriberi by thiamine deficiency.

Question 8Home Science

Which mineral deficiency is the most common cause of nutritional anaemia in Indian adolescent girls?

  1. Iron Correct answer.
  2. Zinc
  3. Calcium
  4. Iodine

Explanation

Iron is needed to make haemoglobin, and inadequate dietary iron, poor absorption and blood loss during menstruation make iron-deficiency anaemia very common in adolescent girls. Iodine deficiency causes goitre, calcium deficiency affects bones, and zinc deficiency affects growth and immunity, but none of these causes anaemia.

Question 9Home Science

Which practice most effectively prevents the loss of iodine from iodised salt in a kitchen?

  1. Roasting salt until it turns brown
  2. Storing salt in an open dish near the stove
  3. Boiling salt with water for a long time before cooking
  4. Adding salt at the end of cooking and storing it in a closed container away from light Correct answer.

Explanation

Iodine in iodised salt is lost by volatilisation when heated strongly and by exposure to moisture, light and air. Adding salt near the end of cooking and keeping it in a closed, dark container preserves the iodine. Prolonged boiling, open storage and dry roasting all increase iodine loss.

Question 10Home Science

Which of the following is a good dietary source of vitamin C that is easily available in Punjab?

  1. Amla and citrus fruits such as orange and lemon Correct answer.
  2. Mustard oil
  3. Rice
  4. Whole wheat flour

Explanation

Vitamin C is found mainly in fresh fruits and vegetables, and amla is one of the richest sources, along with citrus fruits such as orange, lemon and mosambi. Cereals and oils contain negligible vitamin C. Including fresh amla or citrus daily helps prevent scurvy and improves iron absorption.

Question 11Home Science

A mother wants to prepare a cheap, nutritious weaning food for her six-month-old using local ingredients. Which combination best meets the baby's needs?

  1. Sweetened tea with biscuit
  2. Only diluted cow's milk
  3. Plain sugar water
  4. A soft mash of well-cooked dal and rice with a little oil, given in small frequent feeds Correct answer.

Explanation

After six months, breast milk alone is insufficient, so complementary foods must supply energy, protein and micronutrients. A soft mash of cereal and pulse with a little oil provides energy, good-quality protein and fat in a texture the baby can swallow. Tea, sugar water and diluted milk lack the needed energy and nutrients.

Question 12Home Science

Which statement correctly describes the purpose of a food exchange list in diet planning?

  1. It gives the market price of foods for budgeting
  2. It lists foods that must be avoided in all diets
  3. It shows the cooking time needed for each food
  4. It groups foods of similar nutrient composition so that one food can be swapped for another in measured portions Correct answer.

Explanation

A food exchange list places foods with similar energy and macronutrient content into one group so that measured portions can replace each other without changing the diet's nutrient value. This gives variety and flexibility while keeping the diet planned. It is not a list of forbidden foods, prices or cooking times.

Question 13Home Science

Which of the following is the most important reason for keeping the kitchen work triangle small and free of obstruction?

  1. To increase the number of utensils stored
  2. To make the kitchen look more decorative
  3. To reduce unnecessary walking and fatigue while cooking Correct answer.
  4. To increase the cooking time of foods

Explanation

The work triangle links the sink, cooking range and refrigerator, the three most used work centres. Keeping it compact and unobstructed reduces steps, saves energy and reduces fatigue during meal preparation. Decoration, storage capacity and cooking time are not the reasons for a compact triangle.

Question 14Home Science

While washing a cotton kurta with a stubborn oily stain, which sequence is most effective?

  1. Wash first in cold water and dry in the sun, then apply detergent
  2. Remove excess oil, apply a little detergent directly on the stain, rub gently and then wash with hot water Correct answer.
  3. Apply bleach directly on the stain and leave it for an hour
  4. Iron the stained area first and then wash

Explanation

Oily stains need a surfactant to lift the grease, and detergent applied directly allows time to act on the stain. Gentle rubbing loosens it, and hot water, which cotton can withstand, helps remove the oil. Washing before treatment sets the stain, and direct bleach can damage the fabric.

Question 15Home Science

Which property of cotton fabric explains why cotton clothes are comfortable to wear in hot Punjabi summers?

  1. High moisture absorbency and good air permeability Correct answer.
  2. High water resistance
  3. High heat retention
  4. High elasticity and stretch

Explanation

Cotton fibres absorb moisture readily and allow air to pass through the fabric, so sweat is absorbed and evaporated, giving a cooling effect. This makes cotton comfortable in hot weather. Elasticity, heat retention and water resistance are not characteristic advantages of cotton for summer wear.

Question 16Home Science

A cotton shirt has shrunk after washing. Which laundering practice is the most likely cause of the shrinkage?

  1. Washing in very hot water and drying in direct strong sun or a hot dryer Correct answer.
  2. Washing in cold water and drying in shade
  3. Soaking for a short time before washing
  4. Using a mild detergent and rinsing well

Explanation

Cotton fibres swell and relax in hot water and then contract on drying, so hot washing followed by strong heat drying causes shrinkage. Cold water washing and shade drying reduce this effect. Mild detergent, thorough rinsing and brief soaking do not cause excessive shrinkage.

Question 17Home Science

Which of the following is the correct first-aid step for a minor burn caused by hot oil while cooking?

  1. Apply butter or ghee on the burn
  2. Cool the area under running cold water for about ten to twenty minutes Correct answer.
  3. Burst any blisters that form
  4. Apply ice directly on the skin

Explanation

Cooling a minor burn with running cold water for ten to twenty minutes limits tissue damage and relieves pain. Ice applied directly can injure the skin, and oily substances trap heat and increase infection risk. Blisters should be left intact to protect the raw skin beneath.

Question 18Home Science

Which safety practice is most important to prevent a gas cylinder fire in a home kitchen?

  1. Storing the cylinder lying flat near the stove
  2. Keeping the kitchen windows closed while cooking
  3. Using a loose regulator connection for easy changing
  4. Checking the rubber tube and regulator regularly for leaks and turning off the cylinder when not in use Correct answer.

Explanation

Most domestic gas accidents come from leaks in the tube, regulator or connections, so regular inspection and closing the cylinder valve when cooking is finished are essential precautions. Good ventilation also helps. Keeping windows closed, lying the cylinder down or using a loose connection all increase the risk of fire.

Question 19Home Science

Which of the following is the most appropriate way to store cooked food to prevent spoilage in summer?

  1. Store it in a warm closed place near the stove
  2. Leave it uncovered at room temperature for several hours
  3. Mix it with raw food and keep it in the sun
  4. Cool it quickly, cover it and keep it in a refrigerator below five degrees Celsius Correct answer.

Explanation

Bacteria multiply rapidly between five and sixty degrees Celsius, so cooked food should be cooled quickly and refrigerated below five degrees Celsius. Covering it prevents contamination by flies and dust. Leaving food warm, uncovered or in the sun promotes bacterial growth and spoilage.

Question 20Home Science

Which of the following is a correct example of a first-degree (mild) burn symptom?

  1. Deep white painless tissue with blisters
  2. Charred black skin with no sensation
  3. Exposed muscle and bone
  4. Redness and pain of the outer skin without blisters Correct answer.

Explanation

A first-degree burn affects only the outer layer of skin and shows redness, mild swelling and pain without blisters. Charred, painless or deep white tissue indicates more severe second- and third-degree burns, which need urgent medical care. Recognising the degree helps decide the first-aid response.

Question 21Home Science

A family of five includes a pregnant woman, a growing child and an elderly person. Which dietary change best improves the iron status of all three groups?

  1. Replacing all pulses with polished rice
  2. Increasing the amount of tea taken with meals
  3. Serving more refined sugar with each meal
  4. Including iron-rich foods such as green leafy vegetables and pulses, paired with a vitamin C source like lemon or amla at the same meal Correct answer.

Explanation

Iron needs are raised in pregnancy, growth and old age, so iron-rich foods such as green leafy vegetables, pulses and jaggery should be included. Vitamin C taken at the same meal converts iron to a more absorbable form. Tea contains tannins that inhibit iron absorption, and removing pulses reduces iron intake.

Question 22Home Science

A student needs to plan a low-cost balanced lunch for a school midday meal using local seasonal foods. Which plan best meets the criteria?

  1. Fried samosa with a sugary drink
  2. White bread with jam and sweetened cold drink
  3. Only polished rice with potato curry
  4. Seasonal vegetable sabzi with whole wheat roti, dal and a piece of seasonal fruit Correct answer.

Explanation

A balanced low-cost meal should combine a cereal for energy, a pulse for protein, seasonal vegetables for vitamins and fibre, and fruit for micronutrients, all from locally available foods. This plan gives variety and nutrient adequacy at low cost. The other plans are dominated by refined starch, sugar and fat with little protein or micronutrient content.

Question 23Home Science

Which practice best reduces vitamin loss while preparing and cooking rice for a family meal?

  1. Washing rice gently with minimal water and cooking by absorption rather than draining the water Correct answer.
  2. Soaking rice for many hours and discarding the soak water
  3. Boiling rice in excess water and throwing away the drained water
  4. Washing rice repeatedly in several changes of water

Explanation

B-group vitamins in rice are water-soluble and sit near the surface of the grain, so repeated washing and draining the cooking water remove them. Gentle washing and cooking by the absorption method, where the water is fully taken up, retain more vitamins. Long soaking and discarding the water also leaches nutrients.

Question 24Home Science

A cotton bedsheet has been washed but is still dull and slightly stiff. Which treatment is most likely to restore its appearance and feel?

  1. Dry in direct strong sun for a whole day
  2. Rinse thoroughly to remove residual detergent and dry in shade, then iron while slightly damp Correct answer.
  3. Starch it heavily before drying
  4. Wash again in very hard water with extra soap

Explanation

Residual detergent left in the fabric makes it stiff and dull, so thorough rinsing restores softness. Drying in shade prevents yellowing from strong sun, and ironing while slightly damp gives a smooth finish. Hard water and excess soap leave deposits, and heavy starch stiffens the fabric further.

Question 25Home Science

Which of the following best explains why a pressure cooker saves fuel and time when cooking dal?

  1. It prevents steam from escaping and thereby cools the food
  2. It raises the boiling point of water by increasing pressure, so food cooks faster Correct answer.
  3. It lowers the boiling point of water so food cooks gently
  4. It adds extra nutrients to the food

Explanation

A pressure cooker traps steam, raising the internal pressure and thereby the boiling point of water above one hundred degrees Celsius. The higher temperature cooks food faster and uses less fuel. It does not lower the boiling point, add nutrients or cool the food.

Question 26Home Science

A family in Punjab wants to add a low-cost protein supplement to a wheat-based diet. Which combination gives complementary amino acids so that the protein quality of the meal is improved?

  1. Wheat roti eaten with potato
  2. Wheat roti eaten with ghee
  3. Wheat roti eaten with sugar
  4. Wheat roti eaten with dal Correct answer.

Explanation

Cereals such as wheat are low in lysine but rich in methionine, while pulses such as dal are rich in lysine but low in methionine. Combining them in the same meal supplies both limiting amino acids and raises the overall protein quality of the diet. This cereal-pulse combination is the basis of traditional Indian meals.

Question 27Home Science

A pregnant woman in her second trimester is being advised on her daily diet. Which addition best meets her increased need for iron and folate without greatly increasing empty-calorie intake?

  1. Dark green leafy vegetables with a citrus fruit Correct answer.
  2. Extra servings of white rice with sugar
  3. Strong tea taken with every meal
  4. Fried snacks taken between meals

Explanation

Dark green leafy vegetables supply iron and folate, and a citrus fruit supplies vitamin C, which greatly improves absorption of the plant iron. This combination adds nutrients rather than only energy. Tea should not accompany meals because its tannins reduce iron absorption.

Question 28Home Science

Which statement correctly describes the role of dietary fibre in preventing constipation?

  1. Fibre holds water in the stool and adds bulk that stimulates movement of the intestine Correct answer.
  2. Fibre is completely digested in the stomach and softens the stool
  3. Fibre coats the intestine and stops all muscular movement
  4. Fibre is absorbed in the large intestine and reduces stool weight

Explanation

Dietary fibre is not digested by human enzymes and passes into the large intestine, where it holds water and increases stool bulk. The larger, softer stool stimulates peristalsis, so waste moves through faster and constipation is prevented. Whole grains, pulses, vegetables and fruits are good sources.

Question 29Home Science

A mother is preparing a meal for her one-year-old child. Which practice is most suitable for meeting the child's needs during this stage of rapid growth?

  1. Giving only diluted milk to reduce the risk of indigestion
  2. Offering the same spicy adult meal in a large portion
  3. Restricting all fats to keep the child from gaining weight
  4. Adding a small amount of mashed dal and vegetables to soft rice Correct answer.

Explanation

A one-year-old needs energy, protein, vitamins and minerals in a soft form that is easy to chew and digest. Mashed dal and vegetables with soft rice provide protein, iron and vitamins in an appropriate texture. Small, frequent feeds of varied foods are recommended at this age.

Question 30Home Science

In a home budget, which item is best classified as a fixed expenditure?

  1. Purchase of a new pressure cooker
  2. Cost of a sudden medical visit
  3. House rent paid every month Correct answer.
  4. Money spent on festival sweets

Explanation

Fixed expenditures are regular, predictable amounts that must be paid at set intervals, such as monthly house rent. They stay much the same from month to month and are planned first in a family budget. Occasional or unplanned spending belongs to other categories.

Question 31Home Science

A family wants to reduce its monthly food bill without lowering nutritional quality. Which step is most effective?

  1. Buying imported packaged snacks in large quantities
  2. Buying seasonal local vegetables and pulses in bulk when prices are low Correct answer.
  3. Replacing pulses with bakery products
  4. Eating more meals outside the home

Explanation

Seasonal local produce is cheapest when it is in plenty, and buying pulses in bulk at harvest prices lowers the unit cost. These foods are also nutritionally sound, so cost falls without loss of quality. Planning meals around such purchases is a standard budgeting practice.

Question 32Home Science

Which of the following is a correct principle of good table setting for a family meal?

  1. Place both fork and knife above the plate
  2. Place the knife to the left of the plate and the fork to the right
  3. Place the spoon on the left of the fork
  4. Place the fork to the left of the plate and the knife to the right Correct answer.

Explanation

In standard table setting the fork lies to the left of the plate and the knife to the right, with the blade facing the plate. The spoon is placed to the right of the knife. Following this order makes the meal easy and comfortable to eat.

Question 33Home Science

A cotton tablecloth has a fresh tea stain. Which first step is most likely to remove it successfully?

  1. Rub soap into the dry stain and leave it
  2. Wash it in hot water with bleach
  3. Iron the stain with a hot iron
  4. Rinse at once in cold water before the stain dries Correct answer.

Explanation

Fresh tannin stains from tea should be flushed out with cold water immediately, before the stain sets into the fibre. Prompt rinsing removes most of the colouring matter. Hot water or ironing can fix the stain permanently.

Question 34Home Science

Which statement correctly explains why woollen garments should not be rubbed vigorously while washing?

  1. Rubbing makes wool dissolve in cold water
  2. Rubbing turns wool into a non-absorbent fibre
  3. Rubbing removes the natural colour of wool permanently
  4. Rubbing makes the wool fibres interlock and the garment shrinks and felts Correct answer.

Explanation

Wool fibres have overlapping scales, and vigorous rubbing plus heat and alkaline soap makes these scales interlock. The fabric then felts and shrinks irreversibly. Woollen garments should therefore be gently squeezed and dried flat.

Question 35Home Science

A silk dupatta has lost its shine after washing. Which practice is most likely to restore its appearance?

  1. Washing it with strong detergent and bleaching powder
  2. Drying it in strong direct sunlight
  3. Rinsing in water with a little vinegar and drying in shade Correct answer.
  4. Wringing it tightly and drying on a hot iron

Explanation

A weak acid rinse such as a little vinegar in water helps remove detergent residue and restores the lustre of silk. Drying in shade protects the fibre from sunlight damage. Silk should never be treated with strong alkali or bleach.

Question 36Home Science

Which of the following correctly describes a characteristic of a good lighting arrangement in a kitchen?

  1. Strong glare directed at the eyes
  2. Bright, shadow-free light over the work surface Correct answer.
  3. Light placed directly behind the worker
  4. A single dim bulb at the ceiling centre

Explanation

Kitchen work involves cutting and handling hot utensils, so the work surface needs bright, even light without shadows. Shadow-free lighting prevents accidents and eye strain. Glare and light from behind the worker are avoided.

Question 37Home Science

A refrigerator is being used in a Punjab home during summer. Which practice best maintains food safety and efficiency?

  1. Packing food tightly against the cooling vents
  2. Storing hot cooked food immediately in large deep vessels
  3. Keeping the refrigerator reasonably full and opening the door only when needed Correct answer.
  4. Defrosting the freezer only when ice is very thick

Explanation

A reasonably full refrigerator holds the cold better and uses less energy, and fewer door openings keep the inside temperature stable. Food should be cooled before storage and kept away from vents so cold air can circulate. Regular defrosting maintains efficiency.

Question 38Home Science

Which of the following is the correct way to lift a heavy cooking pot from the floor?

  1. Keep the pot at arm's length while lifting
  2. Twist the body while lifting the pot
  3. Bend the knees, keep the back straight and lift close to the body Correct answer.
  4. Bend at the waist and lift with straight legs

Explanation

Bending the knees and keeping the back straight uses the strong leg muscles and keeps the load close to the body. This reduces strain on the lower back. Lifting with a bent waist or twisting the trunk greatly increases the risk of back injury.

Question 39Home Science

A child spills hot water on the hand and a red painful area appears with no blister. Which first-aid action is most appropriate?

  1. Apply butter or oil to the area
  2. Apply ice directly to the skin
  3. Rub the area with a cloth
  4. Hold the area under cool running water for about ten to twenty minutes Correct answer.

Explanation

Cool running water removes heat from the tissue and limits the depth of the burn, and it also relieves pain. Ice applied directly can damage the skin, and greasy applications trap heat and invite infection. The burn should then be covered loosely and assessed.

Question 40Home Science

Which of the following is the most reliable sign that a pressure cooker has been safely closed before use?

  1. The lid is seated and the weight is placed on the vent pipe Correct answer.
  2. The weight is removed from the vent pipe
  3. The lid is placed loosely on top
  4. The cooker is filled to the brim with water

Explanation

A pressure cooker must be properly seated and locked, with the weight correctly placed on the vent pipe, so that steam is controlled and pressure builds safely. A loose lid or a missing weight allows steam to escape dangerously. Overfilling leaves no space for steam.

Question 41Home Science

Which of the following correctly describes the effect of cooking soda (sodium bicarbonate) added to green vegetables during cooking?

  1. It improves the protein quality of the vegetables
  2. It increases the vitamin C content of the vegetables
  3. It keeps the colour green but destroys vitamin C and other vitamins Correct answer.
  4. It has no effect on colour or vitamins

Explanation

Sodium bicarbonate makes the cooking water alkaline, which preserves the green colour of chlorophyll but destroys heat-sensitive vitamins, especially vitamin C and thiamine. The loss of nutrients outweighs the cosmetic gain. Vegetables are therefore cooked without added soda.

Question 42Home Science

A student wants to keep the maximum vitamin C in a vegetable preparation. Which practice should be followed?

  1. Soak the cut vegetables in water for a long time before cooking
  2. Cook the vegetables slowly for a long time with the lid open
  3. Cut vegetables into very small pieces and boil them in plenty of water
  4. Cut vegetables into large pieces and cook them quickly with little water in a covered pan Correct answer.

Explanation

Vitamin C is water-soluble and easily destroyed by heat and oxygen. Large pieces reduce the cut surface exposed to loss, quick cooking with little water limits leaching, and a lid excludes oxygen. Soaking and long boiling with excess water cause heavy losses.

Question 43Home Science

Which statement correctly explains why sprouts are considered more nutritious than the whole dry grain from which they are made?

  1. Sprouting makes the grain completely indigestible
  2. Sprouting increases some vitamins and makes minerals easier to absorb Correct answer.
  3. Sprouting removes all the protein from the grain
  4. Sprouting adds a large amount of fat to the grain

Explanation

During sprouting, enzymes become active and the content of certain vitamins, especially vitamin C and some B vitamins, rises. Substances that bind minerals such as phytate are reduced, so minerals are absorbed better. The grain also becomes easier to digest.

Question 44Home Science

A mother notices that her adolescent daughter often skips breakfast and eats only a packet of chips at school. Which advice best addresses the nutritional problem?

  1. Let her continue and add a vitamin tablet
  2. Replace breakfast with a sweetened cold drink
  3. Give her a quick home breakfast such as stuffed paratha with curd and a fruit to carry Correct answer.
  4. Ask her to drink only water until the evening meal

Explanation

Skipping breakfast and eating only chips leaves an adolescent short of energy, protein and micronutrients during a period of rapid growth. A quick home breakfast plus a fruit gives sustained energy and nutrients. Regular meals are more effective than supplements alone.

Question 45Home Science

Which of the following correctly describes the main function of a food grater in the kitchen?

  1. Whipping cream into a foam
  2. Shredding foods such as vegetables and cheese into fine pieces Correct answer.
  3. Measuring the volume of liquids
  4. Sifting flour to remove lumps

Explanation

A grater has sharp perforated surfaces that shred food into fine pieces, as when grating carrots, coconut or cheese. Each kitchen tool is designed for a specific job, and using the right tool saves time and gives an even result.

Question 46Home Science

A cotton shirt has a grease stain that has already dried. Which treatment is most likely to remove it?

  1. Apply a little absorbent powder or detergent to the dry stain, then wash in warm water Correct answer.
  2. Iron the stain before washing
  3. Dry-clean it with water
  4. Wash it in cold water only

Explanation

Grease is not dissolved by water, so the stain must first be treated with an absorbent or a grease-cutting agent such as detergent. Warm water then helps lift the loosened grease from the fibre. Cold water alone cannot remove oily matter.

Question 47Home Science

Which of the following correctly explains why a well-ventilated kitchen is important for health?

  1. It prevents the growth of all bacteria in food
  2. It removes smoke, steam and cooking fumes that harm the lungs Correct answer.
  3. It increases the humidity of the room
  4. It makes the kitchen cooler only in winter

Explanation

Cooking on a chulha or gas stove releases smoke, steam and fumes that irritate the eyes and lungs, especially in women who cook for long hours. Good ventilation through windows, exhaust fans or chimneys carries these pollutants away. Ventilation does not by itself sterilise food.

Question 48Home Science

A family of four wants to plan a week's menu to avoid monotony and waste. Which approach is most practical?

  1. Plan meals for the week in advance using seasonal foods and check what is already in stock Correct answer.
  2. Buy all vegetables for the month on one day
  3. Decide each meal only at the moment of cooking
  4. Cook the same dish every day to save planning

Explanation

A weekly menu planned around seasonal foods gives variety and balanced nutrition while allowing purchases to match needs. Checking stock first prevents duplicate buying and wastage. Planning ahead also saves time and money.

Question 49Home Science

Which of the following is the most appropriate way to dispose of vegetable peels and leftover food in a home?

  1. Throw all waste into an open drain
  2. Compost the vegetable peels and use the compost in a kitchen garden Correct answer.
  3. Burn the waste in the open courtyard
  4. Store the waste in the kitchen for several days

Explanation

Vegetable peels and many food leftovers are biodegradable and can be composted to make manure for plants. This reduces the waste sent to landfills and returns nutrients to the soil. Open dumping and burning cause pollution and health hazards.

Question 50Home Science

A student is asked to compare the cost per gram of protein from milk and from whole pulses. Which method gives a fair comparison?

  1. Compare the colour and texture of the two foods
  2. Compare the cooking time of the two foods
  3. Calculate the price per gram of protein for each food using current market prices and protein content Correct answer.
  4. Compare only the price per kilogram of each food

Explanation

A fair comparison of protein value must relate the cost of the food to the amount of protein it supplies. This means finding the price per gram of protein from the food's protein content and market price. Comparing only weight or appearance does not show nutritional value for money.