Punjab PSEB Matric NSQF Automotive (EV Service Assistant) key terms

The connected network of electric vehicles, chargers, grid supply, battery makers, service workshops and recycling firms that together make electric mobility work in daily use.

India's National Skills Qualification Framework, which grades skills from level 1 to 10 and defines the training and assessment standards a vocational learner must complete.

An official NSQF document listing the job role, duties, skills and assessment criteria for an occupation such as EV Service Assistant, used by training centres to plan courses.

The electrical pressure that pushes charge through a circuit, measured in volts. In EV work it decides whether a circuit is low voltage or dangerously high voltage.

The rate at which electric charge flows through a conductor, measured in amperes. High current causes heating, so cable and fuse ratings must match the load.

The fixed relationship in which voltage equals current multiplied by resistance. Technicians use it to find an unknown value when two of the three quantities are known.

The opposition a material offers to current flow, measured in ohms. Poor joints and corroded terminals raise resistance and cause heat and voltage drop.

A handheld instrument that measures voltage, current and resistance, and often continuity. It is the basic diagnostic tool for checking EV circuits before deeper testing.

A check that confirms a wire or switch provides an unbroken path, usually shown by a beep or near-zero resistance reading on the meter.

Two ways of connecting loads. In series the same current passes through each part and voltages add; in parallel the voltage is shared and currents add.

A rechargeable cell in which lithium ions move between electrodes during charge and discharge. It gives high energy for its weight and is the standard EV chemistry.

The complete EV energy store: many cells grouped into modules, held in a case with cooling, fusing, contactors and a monitoring system.

The electronic control unit that monitors cell voltage, temperature and current, balances cells, estimates charge and protects the pack from unsafe operation.

The remaining energy in a battery expressed as a percentage of full capacity, similar to a fuel gauge reading and used to plan charging stops.

A measure of how much capacity and power a battery has lost through ageing, usually given as a percentage of its original performance.

The process of equalising charge across cells so that the weakest cell does not limit pack capacity, done actively by moving charge or passively by draining excess.

The share of a battery's capacity that has been used before recharging. Shallow cycles generally extend life compared with repeated deep discharges.

A dangerous chain reaction in which a hot cell generates more heat than it can shed, spreading fire to neighbouring cells and releasing toxic gases.

A brushless direct current motor that uses electronic switching instead of carbon brushes, giving high efficiency and low maintenance in most electric two- and three-wheelers.

A motor whose rotor carries magnets instead of windings, so no rotor current is needed. It is compact and efficient and common in light electric vehicles.

The power electronics unit that converts battery direct current into the switched current the motor needs, setting speed and torque from the throttle signal.

Recovering kinetic energy during deceleration by running the motor as a generator, feeding energy back to the battery and slowing the vehicle at the same time.

A small sensor that detects magnetic position and tells the controller where the motor rotor is, so switching is timed correctly; a failed one causes juddering or no start.

The installed system of chargers, cables, connectors, meters and back-end software that supplies electricity to vehicles at homes, workplaces and public sites.

Charging in which alternating current from the grid is fed to the vehicle, whose built-in charger converts it to direct current for the battery. Slower but simpler.

Charging where an off-board charger converts grid power to direct current and feeds the battery directly, allowing much higher power and shorter stops.

The unit inside the vehicle that converts mains alternating current into the direct current and voltage the battery needs during AC charging.

The resistance between a live conductor and the vehicle chassis. A low reading means insulation has failed and shock risk exists, so the vehicle must not be used.

A stored code set by a controller when it detects a fault, read with a scan tool to point the technician towards the affected circuit or component.

In EV practice, any circuit above about 60 volts direct current or 30 volts alternating current, which can cause fatal shock and needs special precautions.

A switch or plug that isolates the high-voltage battery from the rest of the vehicle so that work can proceed safely after the correct shutdown procedure.

Worn safety gear such as insulated gloves, face shield, apron and safety shoes that protects the technician from shock, arc flash and chemical contact.

A procedure in which an isolated energy source is locked and tagged so it cannot be re-energised while someone is working on the equipment.

Hand tools with rated insulating covers, marked with a voltage rating, that reduce the chance of a short circuit or shock when working near live parts.

The workshop record that captures the customer complaint, vehicle details, work done, parts used and time taken, forming the basis for billing and history.

A wrench that clicks or signals when a set tightening force is reached, used so that battery terminals and chassis fasteners are neither loose nor over-tightened.

The customer's own description of a problem, recorded in their words before diagnosis, which guides the technician and later confirms whether the repair succeeded.

Starting and running one's own enterprise, such as an EV service or charging outlet, by identifying a local need and managing money, staff and risk.

Discarded electrical and electronic items, including used cells and control boards, which must go to authorised recyclers rather than ordinary waste bins.