Punjab PSEB Matric NSQF IT/ITeS flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

IT vs ITeS

IT builds and maintains technology systems such as hardware, software and networks. ITeS uses those systems to deliver services like call centres, data processing and back-office support.

NSQF

The National Skills Qualifications Framework is India's competency-based framework with levels 1 to 10. Each level describes the knowledge, skill and responsibility expected of a learner.

CPU

The Central Processing Unit executes program instructions. It contains the ALU for arithmetic and logic, the Control Unit for directing operations, and registers for fast temporary storage.

RAM

Random Access Memory is volatile primary memory that holds programs and data currently in use. Its contents are lost when power is switched off.

ROM

Read Only Memory is non-volatile memory holding startup firmware such as BIOS or UEFI. Its contents persist without power and are normally not written by ordinary programs.

Byte and bit

A bit is a single binary digit, 0 or 1. A byte is 8 bits and is the basic unit for storing one character. One kilobyte equals 1024 bytes.

Input vs output device

An input device sends data into the computer, such as a keyboard, mouse or scanner. An output device presents results, such as a monitor, printer or speaker.

System vs application software

System software manages hardware and provides a platform, for example the operating system and device drivers. Application software performs user tasks, such as word processing or browsing.

HDMI and VGA

HDMI carries digital video and audio over one cable and is common on modern displays. VGA carries analog video only and is older, often with a blue 15-pin connector.

USB port

Universal Serial Bus is a hot-swappable connector for peripherals. It supplies power and data, and USB-C adds a reversible plug that can also carry video.

Operating system

An operating system manages hardware, memory, files and running processes, and provides a user interface. Examples include Windows, Linux, macOS and Android.

Spreadsheet cell reference

A cell reference combines a column letter and row number, such as B5. A range is written with a colon, such as A1:C10, and formulas start with an equals sign.

Absolute reference

An absolute reference such as $A$1 stays fixed when a formula is copied. The dollar signs lock the column and row so the same cell is always used.

SUM function

SUM adds the numbers in a range, for example =SUM(A1:A10). It ignores text and blank cells and is the most common spreadsheet formula.

AVERAGE function

AVERAGE returns the arithmetic mean of the numeric cells in a range. Blank cells are ignored, so the count used is the number of numeric entries.

File extensions

Extensions identify file types: .docx for Word, .xlsx for Excel, .pptx for PowerPoint, .pdf for portable documents, .txt for plain text and .csv for comma-separated values.

Cc and Bcc

Cc copies recipients whose addresses are visible to everyone. Bcc copies recipients whose addresses are hidden from other recipients, useful for privacy in bulk mail.

SMTP and IMAP

SMTP is the protocol for sending outgoing email. IMAP is for retrieving mail and keeps messages synchronised on the server across multiple devices.

HTTP and HTTPS

HTTP transfers web pages in plain text. HTTPS adds TLS encryption, protecting data in transit and shown by a padlock icon in the browser address bar.

DNS

The Domain Name System translates human-readable domain names such as example.com into numeric IP addresses that computers use to route network traffic.

URL parts

A URL contains a protocol such as https, a domain name such as example.com, and an optional path to a resource. Together these locate a page on the web.

Web browser

A browser requests and renders web content written in HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Examples are Chrome, Firefox, Edge and Safari; it is not the same as a search engine.

Cookie

A cookie is a small text file a website stores in the browser to remember state, such as login sessions or preferences. Cookies can be first-party or third-party.

Phishing

Phishing is a fraudulent message, often email or SMS, that impersonates a trusted source to trick users into revealing passwords, OTPs or bank details.

Ransomware

Ransomware is malware that encrypts files or locks a device and demands payment for restoration. Regular offline backups are the main defence against data loss.

Two-factor authentication

Two-factor authentication requires two different proofs of identity, such as a password plus an OTP or authenticator code, so a stolen password alone is insufficient to log in.

Strong password

A strong password is long, mixes upper and lower case, digits and symbols, avoids dictionary words and personal details, and is unique to each account.

BPO and KPO

BPO is Business Process Outsourcing, handling routine functions such as call support and data entry. KPO is Knowledge Process Outsourcing, covering higher-skill analysis and research.

First Call Resolution

First Call Resolution measures the percentage of customer issues resolved on the first contact without a callback or escalation. Higher FCR usually raises satisfaction.

Average Handling Time

Average Handling Time is the mean time an agent spends on a contact, including talk time, hold time and after-call work. It is a key call-centre efficiency metric.

Active listening

Active listening means fully concentrating on a speaker, paraphrasing to confirm understanding, and asking clarifying questions instead of interrupting or assuming.

E-waste

E-waste is discarded electronic equipment such as old computers and phones. It contains hazardous materials including lead and mercury and should go to authorised recyclers.