PSEB SS Geography flashcards
PSEB SS Geography · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Human geography
- The branch of geography studying how human societies distribute over and interact with the earth's surface, covering population, settlement, economic, cultural and political patterns.
- Demographic transition model
- A staged model linking falling death rates and later falling birth rates to economic development, moving from high stationary through expanding to low stationary populations.
- Doubling time
- The number of years a population needs to double in size, approximated by dividing 70 by the annual percentage growth rate.
- Dependency ratio
- The number of dependents aged below 15 and above 64 per hundred persons of working age 15 to 64, indicating the non-working burden on earners.
- Push and pull factors
- Conditions at origin that drive people away, such as unemployment or conflict, versus attractions at destination, such as jobs, services and safety.
- Nucleated settlement
- A rural settlement where houses cluster closely together, typically around a water source, route junction or defence site, with fields lying outside the built area.
- Dispersed settlement
- A rural settlement pattern of isolated farmsteads scattered across the countryside, common in hilly, forested or sparsely watered regions.
- Primary activity
- An economic activity that directly extracts or harvests natural resources, including farming, fishing, forestry, grazing and mining.
- Quaternary activity
- A knowledge-based economic activity involving collection, processing and transmission of information, such as research, education, banking and software services.
- Von Thünen model
- A land-use model showing that perishable, bulky, high-value products are farmed nearest the market and extensive grain or ranching lie farthest away.
- Population density
- The average number of persons living per unit area, usually per square kilometre, obtained by dividing total population by total land area.
- Sex ratio
- The number of females per thousand males in a population, used as an indicator of gender balance and social conditions.
- Ravenstein migration laws
- Generalizations stating that most migrants move short distances, rural-to-urban flows dominate, and each stream of migration produces a counter-stream.
- Site and situation
- Site refers to the actual local terrain and resources of a settlement; situation refers to its position relative to surrounding routes, markets and features.
- Tertiary activity
- A service activity that supports production and consumption without directly extracting or manufacturing goods, such as transport, trade, banking and tourism.
- Infant mortality rate
- Deaths of children under one year per thousand live births in a year, a sensitive indicator of health care and living standards.
- Census of India 2011
- India's sixteenth national census, recording a population near 1.21 billion, decadal growth of 17.7 percent and density of 382 persons per square kilometre.
- Kerala demographic indicators
- Kerala recorded the lowest decadal growth, about 4.9 percent, and the highest literacy, about 94 percent, among Indian states in the 2011 Census.
- Demographic dividend
- The economic advantage arising when a large share of the population is of working age and the dependent share is relatively small.
- Kharif season
- The monsoon cropping season, sown around June-July and harvested in autumn, producing rice, cotton, jowar, bajra, maize and groundnut.
- Rabi season
- The winter cropping season, sown around October-December and harvested in spring, producing wheat, gram, barley, mustard and peas.
- Zaid season
- A short summer cropping season between rabi and kharif, growing quick-maturing crops such as watermelon, cucumber, fodder and some pulses.
- Green Revolution
- The adoption of high-yielding seed varieties, irrigation and fertilisers from the late 1960s, sharply raising wheat and rice output in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh.
- Basic or key industry
- An industry whose products feed other industries, such as iron and steel, aluminium or heavy machinery, so its growth enables wider industrial development.
- Agro-based industry
- A manufacturing industry using farm produce as raw material, including sugar, cotton textiles, jute goods, vegetable oil and food processing.
- Public sector industry
- An enterprise owned and managed by government, typically set up where private capital is insufficient or strategic control is needed, such as defence or heavy engineering.
- Census town
- A settlement classified as urban without a municipal body because it meets thresholds of population, density and share of non-agricultural male workers.
- Golden Quadrilateral
- A national highway network linking Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, built to speed the movement of goods and people between major metropolitan centres.
- Inland waterway
- Navigation along rivers and canals, the cheapest mode for bulky goods; India's National Waterway 1 runs on the Ganga between Haldia and Prayagraj.
- Pipeline transport
- A mode moving crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas and slurry continuously through buried pipes, unaffected by weather but fixed in route.
- Literacy rate
- The percentage of population aged seven and above who can read and write with understanding, a key measure of human resource development.
- Urbanisation level
- The proportion of a region's total population living in urban areas, reflecting the shift of people and activity away from agriculture.