PSSSB Labour Inspector cheat sheet

Factories Act, 1948: weekly hours 48, daily 9 with breaks; Section 59 overtime wages at twice the ordinary rate; Section 66 restricts women to 6 a.m.–7 p.m. (State Government may vary).

Minimum Wages Act, 1948: Section 12 requires payment at not less than the minimum rate; Section 22 provides up to 6 months' imprisonment or fine for paying less than minimum wages.

Payment of Wages Act, 1936: Section 5 fixes wage periods (no period exceeding one month); Section 7 permissible deductions cap at 50% of wages, 75% where deductions include cooperative society payments.

Industrial Disputes Act, 1947: Section 2A covers individual dismissal disputes; Section 25F requires one month's notice or wages in lieu plus retrenchment compensation of 15 days' average pay per completed year of service.

Employees' Compensation Act, 1923 (renamed Employees' Compensation Act, 2009): Section 3 employer liability for accident arising out of and in course of employment; Section 4 caps disability compensation at Rs 1,40,000 (2017 amendment).

Punjab-specific: Punjab Industrial Establishments (National and Festival Holidays, Casual and Sick Leave) Act, 1965 provides paid national and festival holidays; Punjab Shops and Commercial Establishments Act, 1958 governs opening hours and weekly rest for shops.

Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970: applies to establishments employing 20 or more workmen; principal employer liable for wages if contractor fails (Section 21).

Code on Wages, 2019 consolidates four wage laws; Section 17 mandates payment of wages through bank transfer or electronic mode; Section 43 bars gender discrimination in wages.

Punjab has 23 districts (created after formation of Malerkotla district in 2021); capital Chandigarh is a Union Territory serving as joint capital of Punjab and Haryana.

Punjab Legislative Assembly has 117 seats; Lok Sabha seats 13; Rajya Sabha seats 7; state was reorganised on 1 November 1966 under the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966.

Major rivers: Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum - only Sutlej, Beas and Ravi flow through Punjab; Bhakra Dam is on the Sutlej, Harike Barrage at the Sutlej–Beas confluence.

Punjab's principal crops: wheat, rice, cotton and sugarcane; Punjab contributes a large share of central wheat and rice procurement through FCI and state agencies.

Notable institutions: Punjab Agricultural University (Ludhiana), Guru Nanak Dev University (Amritsar), Punjabi University (Patiala); Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) at Amritsar.

Punjab Day is observed on 1 November; Punjabi is the official language; Punjab Human Rights Commission and Punjab State Information Commission are statutory bodies.

Key current affairs themes: farm diversification programmes, crop residue management, rural employment under MGNREGA, and industrial investment through Invest Punjab.

National symbols to recall: National Emblem adopted 26 January 1950; National Song 'Vande Mataram' by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee; National Anthem adopted 24 January 1950.

Percentage change: new value = old × (1 ± r/100); successive changes of a% and b% give net change a + b + ab/100.

Simple interest = P × R × T / 100; Compound interest amount = P(1 + R/100)^T; difference between CI and SI for 2 years = P(R/100)².

Profit and loss: profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; when two articles sold at same price with +x% and −x% profit/loss, net loss = x²/100 %.

Time-speed-distance: distance = speed × time; average speed for equal distances = 2xy/(x+y); conversion 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d then ad = bc; partnership profit shares are proportional to capital × time.

Averages: average = sum/number; if every item increases by k, average increases by k; weighted average = Σ(wᵢxᵢ)/Σwᵢ.

Time and work: if A does work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x+y) days; work rate is reciprocal of time.

Mensuration: area of circle πr²; area of triangle ½ × base × height; volume of cylinder πr²h; volume of sphere (4/3)πr³.

Number series: check differences, then ratios, then squares/cubes; alternate series often separate odd and even positions.

Coding-decoding: map letter positions (A=1 … Z=26); reverse alphabet position = 27 − position.

Blood relations: draw a family tree; vertical line for parent-child, horizontal for spouse/sibling; 'only son of my mother' = the speaker himself (male).

Direction sense: net displacement = √(east² + north²); left/right turns change heading by 90° each time.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram consistent with premises.

Seating arrangement: fix one person, then place others clockwise/anticlockwise; for linear rows facing north, left is your left.

Analogy and classification: identify the relation type (part-whole, cause-effect, worker-tool) before selecting the pair.

Calendar: odd days - ordinary year 1, leap year 2; a date repeats the same weekday after 28 years in the same century pattern.

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'one of + plural noun' takes a singular verb ('One of the boys is present').

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds; 'the' for unique or previously mentioned nouns.

Tenses: present perfect (has/have + past participle) for actions with present relevance; past perfect for the earlier of two past actions.

Prepositions: 'since' with a point of time, 'for' with a duration; 'between' for two, 'among' for more than two.

Active to passive: object becomes subject; verb becomes be + past participle; keep tense consistent.

Common error traps: 'discuss about' (wrong), 'married with' (wrong - use 'married to'), 'comprise of' (wrong - use 'comprise').

Synonyms/antonyms: use context; e.g., 'abate' means reduce; 'candid' means frank; 'frugal' means thrifty.

Idioms: 'at the eleventh hour' = at the last moment; 'to burn the midnight oil' = to work late; 'a bolt from the blue' = sudden shock.

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ ਵਿੱਚ 35 ਅੱਖਰ ਹਨ: ੩੨ ਮੁੱਖ ਅੱਖਰ (ਸਵਰ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਅੰਜਨ) ਅਤੇ 3 ਸਹਾਇਕ ਅੱਖਰ (ਸ਼, ਖ਼, ਗ਼, ਜ਼, ਫ਼, ਲ਼ ਵਰਗੇ ਨੁਕਤੇ ਵਾਲੇ ਅੱਖਰ ਵੱਖਰੇ ਗਿਣੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ)।

ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਵਿੱਚ 10 ਸਵਰ (ਅ, ਆ, ਇ, ਈ, ਉ, ਊ, ਏ, ਐ, ਓ, ਔ) ਅਤੇ 32 ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਹਨ।

ਲਿੰਗ: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੁਲਿੰਗ ਅਤੇ ਇਸਤਰੀ ਲਿੰਗ; ਆਮ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ 'ਆ' ਜਾਂ 'ਾ' ਅੰਤ ਵਾਲੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਪੁਲਿੰਗ, 'ੀ' ਅੰਤ ਵਾਲੇ ਇਸਤਰੀ ਲਿੰਗ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ।

ਵਚਨ: ਇੱਕਵਚਨ ਅਤੇ ਬਹੁਵਚਨ; ਬਹੁਵਚਨ ਲਈ ਅਕਸਰ 'ਾਂ' ਜਾਂ 'ਆਂ' ਪਿਛੇਤਰ ਲੱਗਦਾ ਹੈ (ਕਿਤਾਬ → ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ)।

ਕਾਰਕ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਭਕਤੀ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ: ਕਰਤਾ (ਨੇ), ਕਰਮ (ਨੂੰ), ਸੰਪਰਦਾਨ (ਨੂੰ/ਲਈ), ਅਪਾਦਾਨ (ਤੋਂ), ਸੰਬੰਧ (ਦਾ/ਦੀ/ਦੇ), ਅਧਿਕਰਣ (ਵਿੱਚ/ਉੱਤੇ)।

ਕਾਲ: ਵਰਤਮਾਨ, ਭੂਤ ਅਤੇ ਭਵਿੱਖ; ਭੂਤਕਾਲ ਲਈ 'ਸੀ/ਸਨ', ਭਵਿੱਖ ਲਈ 'ਗਾ/ਗੀ/ਗੇ' ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ।

ਮੁਹਾਵਰੇ: 'ਅੱਖ ਦਾ ਤਾਰਾ' = ਬਹੁਤ ਪਿਆਰਾ; 'ਨੌਂ ਦਾ ਦਸ' = ਘਾਟਾ; 'ਅੰਨ੍ਹਾ ਕੁੱਤਾ ਘਰ ਦਾ ਰਾਖਾ' = ਬੇਕਾਰ ਦੀ ਰੱਖਿਆ।

ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਜੋੜ: ਲਗਾਂ-ਮਾਤਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਹੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ; 'ਿ' ਲਗ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਅਤੇ 'ੀ' ਬਾਅਦ ਲੱਗਦੀ ਹੈ (ਜਿਵੇਂ 'ਸਿੱਖ' ਬਨਾਮ 'ਸੀਖ')।

CPU has three units: Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit and registers; primary memory includes RAM (volatile) and ROM (non-volatile).

1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB; 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: Ctrl+B bold, Ctrl+I italic, Ctrl+U underline; MS Excel: formula begins with '='; SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT are common functions.

Internet: IP address identifies a device; DNS translates domain names to IP addresses; HTTP/HTTPS are web protocols; HTTPS uses TLS encryption.

Email fields: To (primary recipient), Cc (carbon copy, visible), Bcc (blind carbon copy, hidden); attachment size limits depend on provider.

Computer generations: first (vacuum tubes), second (transistors), third (integrated circuits), fourth (microprocessors), fifth (AI-based).

Cyber safety: use strong passwords, enable two-factor authentication, avoid clicking unknown links, and keep antivirus updated.

Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952: applies to establishments with 20 or more employees; employee contributes 12% of basic + DA, employer matches 12% (8.33% to EPS, 3.67% to EPF).

Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948: applies to factories with 10 or more persons and other establishments with 20 or more; employee contributes 0.75% and employer 3.25% of wages (current rates).

Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972: payable after 5 years' continuous service; formula = last drawn salary × 15/26 × years of service; ceiling Rs 20 lakh.

Maternity Benefit Act, 1961: 26 weeks' paid leave for first two children, 12 weeks thereafter; establishments with 50 or more employees must provide crèche.

Employees' Compensation Act: compensation for employment injury; for death, 50% of monthly wages × relevant factor or Rs 1,20,000, whichever is more.

Building and Other Construction Workers Act, 1996: welfare cess of 1% of construction cost; state welfare boards provide benefits to registered workers.

Administrative practice: labour inspectors have powers of entry, inspection and inquiry under relevant statutes; prosecution requires sanction of the appropriate government in many Acts.

Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act, 2008 and Code on Social Security, 2020 extend benefits to gig and platform workers through registration and contributory schemes.