Punjab Police Constable flashcards

66 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Punjab reorganisation date

Punjab was reorganised on 1 November 1966 by the Punjab Reorganisation Act, which created Haryana and transferred hill areas to Himachal Pradesh; the day is observed as Punjab Day.

Five rivers of Punjab

Punjab's name means land of five rivers: Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum. Only the Sutlej and Beas flow through Indian Punjab today.

Article 21

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, expandable to include the right to a clean environment, health and a speedy trial.

FIR under BNSS

A First Information Report records a cognizable offence under Section 173 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, formerly Section 154 CrPC, and a free copy is given to the informant.

Average formula

Average equals the sum of all items divided by the number of items. If every item increases by k, the average also increases by k.

Simple interest formula

Simple interest equals principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by 100. It is calculated only on the original principal for each period.

Gurmukhi Painti Akhri

Gurmukhi has 35 primary letters: 32 consonants and 3 vowel carriers. Ten vowel signs, called lagan matran, attach to consonants to change their sound.

Gurmukhi adhak

The adhak is a small pair of dots placed before a consonant in Gurmukhi to double that consonant's sound, as in pakka and sachcha.

D.K. Basu guidelines

D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) laid down arrest safeguards: name tags, an arrest memo, informing a relative, and medical examination of the arrested person.

Zero FIR

A zero FIR is registered at any police station for a cognizable offence regardless of jurisdiction, then transferred to the station that has jurisdiction to investigate.

Fundamental Duties

Fundamental Duties are listed in Article 51A, Part IVA, added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. They include respecting the Constitution and protecting public property.

Cognizable offence

A cognizable offence is one for which police may register an FIR and investigate without a magistrate's order. Non-cognizable offences need a magistrate's direction.

NHRC establishment

The National Human Rights Commission was created by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It inquires into human rights violations and recommends action but cannot punish.

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 replaced the Indian Penal Code and came into force on 1 July 2024, along with the BNSS and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam.

Punjab Police Academy

The Punjab Police Academy at Phillaur trains Punjab Police recruits and officers, and the state force is governed by the Punjab Police Act, 2007.

Golden Temple founder

The Golden Temple, or Harmandir Sahib, in Amritsar was founded by Guru Ram Das Ji. The Akal Takht within the complex was established by Guru Hargobind Ji.

Khalsa founding

Guru Gobind Singh Ji founded the Khalsa in 1699 at Anandpur Sahib. Baisakhi, celebrated on 13-14 April, marks the founding of the Khalsa.

Indus Waters Treaty

The Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 allocated the eastern rivers Sutlej, Beas and Ravi to India and the western rivers Indus, Jhelum and Chenab largely to Pakistan.

Syllogism rule

In syllogism, a conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible Venn diagram consistent with the premises. 'Some' and 'no' statements are common traps.

Direction sense

In direction sense, fix north at the top, record each turn as a plus or minus angle, and use Pythagoras for right-angled displacement.

Ranking formula

If a person's rank from the top is r and from the bottom is s, the total number of persons is r plus s minus one.

Calendar odd days

In calendar problems, 100 years contain 5 odd days, 200 years 3 odd days, 300 years 1 odd day, and 400 years 0 odd days.

Subject-verb agreement

A singular subject takes a singular verb, even when phrases such as 'along with' or 'as well as' appear between subject and verb.

Reported speech shift

In reported speech, present tense shifts to past, pronouns change to the speaker's perspective, and time words change: now becomes then, today becomes that day.

Affect versus effect

'Affect' is usually a verb meaning to influence, while 'effect' is usually a noun meaning a result. Confusing the two is a common error.

Idiom: bite the dust

The idiom 'to bite the dust' means to fail or be defeated. It is often used for a plan or effort that ends unsuccessfully.

Computer memory units

One byte equals 8 bits; 1 KB equals 1024 bytes; 1 MB equals 1024 KB; 1 GB equals 1024 MB; and 1 TB equals 1024 GB.

RAM versus ROM

RAM is volatile working memory that is cleared on shutdown, while ROM is non-volatile and holds firmware such as the BIOS.

Phishing

Phishing is a cybercrime in which a fraudulent message mimics a trusted sender to steal passwords, OTPs or financial details. It should be reported, not opened.

UPI safety rule

UPI users should never share OTPs or approve a collect request they did not initiate, and should report financial fraud to 1930 or cybercrime.gov.in.

Tropic of Cancer

The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states, including Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

Bharat Ratna

The Bharat Ratna is India's highest civilian award, given for exceptional service in any field. The Param Vir Chakra is the highest wartime gallantry award.

Election Commission

The Election Commission of India is a constitutional body under Article 324 that conducts elections to Parliament, state legislatures and the offices of President and Vice-President.

Punjab state symbols

Punjab's state animal is the blackbuck, the state bird is the northern goshawk (baaz), and the state tree is the shisham.

Harike Wetland

Harike Wetland, at the confluence of the Beas and Sutlej in Punjab, is a Ramsar site and an important habitat for migratory birds.

Baisakhi

Baisakhi, celebrated on 13-14 April, marks the founding of the Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh Ji in 1699 and is also a harvest festival in Punjab.

Lohri

Lohri is a Punjabi harvest festival celebrated in January with bonfires, folk songs and the bhangra dance, marking the end of winter.

Punjab Vidhan Sabha

The Punjab Vidhan Sabha is unicameral with 117 seats. Punjab sends 13 members to the Lok Sabha and 7 to the Rajya Sabha.

Punjab and Haryana High Court

The Punjab and Haryana High Court at Chandigarh exercises jurisdiction over Punjab, Haryana and the union territory of Chandigarh.

Punjab Police helpline

In Punjab, dial 112 for emergency police assistance, 100 for the police control room, and 1091 for the women's helpline.

Juvenile Justice Act

Under the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015, a child below 18 is dealt with by the Juvenile Justice Board, not by ordinary criminal courts.

Bailable offence

In a bailable offence, bail is a right; in a non-bailable offence, bail is at the court's discretion.

Community policing

Community policing builds police-public trust through beat meetings, neighbourhood watch, youth engagement and victim support, improving crime reporting and public safety.

Punjabi postpositions

Punjabi uses postpositions after nouns, such as ghar vich (in the house) and school ton (from school), unlike English prepositions, which come before nouns.

Punjabi verb agreement

In Punjabi, the verb agrees with the subject in person, gender and number, so 'oh gia' means he went and 'oh gai' means she went.

Gurmukhi bindi and tippi

In Gurmukhi, tippi marks a short nasal sound and bindi marks nasalisation; their correct placement changes the pronunciation and meaning of a word.

Punjabi idiom: akk da tatta

The Punjabi idiom 'akk da tatta hona' means to be extremely angry. It is used to describe a person boiling with rage.

Punjabi proverb: mehnat

The Punjabi proverb 'mehnat da phal mitha hunda hai' means the fruit of hard work is sweet, teaching that effort brings rewarding results.

Gurmukhi script origin

Gurmukhi script was standardised by Guru Angad Dev Ji, the second Sikh Guru. The Guru Granth Sahib is written in Gurmukhi.

Percentage change formula

Percentage change equals new value minus old value, divided by old value, multiplied by 100. Successive changes of a% and b% give a net change of a + b + ab/100.

Compound interest formula

Compound interest equals principal multiplied by (1 + rate/100) raised to the time, minus the principal. For two years, CI exceeds SI by P(r/100)^2.

Speed conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18; to convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5. A speed of 36 km/h equals 10 m/s.

Work formula

If A finishes a work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy divided by (x + y) days. Using the LCM of days as total work units simplifies the calculation.

Alligation rule

In alligation, the ratio of quantities mixed equals the difference between the mean and the cheaper value, divided by the difference between the dearer value and the mean.

Divisibility by 11

A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of digits in odd places and the sum in even places is 0 or a multiple of 11.

Pythagorean triples

Common Pythagorean triples are 3-4-5, 5-12-13, 7-24-25, 8-15-17 and 9-40-41; they satisfy the rule that the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

Alphabet positions

In the English alphabet, A is 1 and Z is 26. The reverse position of a letter equals 27 minus its forward position, so A is 26 in reverse.

Blood relation tree

In blood relation questions, draw a family tree marking gender with distinct symbols and never assume gender from a name alone.

Cube cutting rule

A cube cut into n equal parts per edge has (n-2)^3 inner cubes with no painted face and 12(n-2) cubes with exactly two painted faces.

Clock hands rule

The minute hand gains 5.5 degrees per minute on the hour hand, and the two hands coincide 11 times in 12 hours.

Ctrl shortcuts

Common computer shortcuts: Ctrl+C copies, Ctrl+V pastes, Ctrl+X cuts, Ctrl+Z undoes, Ctrl+A selects all, Ctrl+S saves and Ctrl+P prints.

Operating system

An operating system manages processes, memory, files and devices, and provides a user interface. Windows, Linux, macOS and Android are examples.

LAN and WAN

A LAN covers a building or campus, while a WAN covers a country or the world. The internet is the largest WAN.

Cybercrime reporting

In India, cybercrime can be reported at cybercrime.gov.in or by dialling 1930 for financial fraud. Preserve screenshots and transaction details as evidence.

Digital India

Digital India is a government programme to deliver services electronically through broadband, mobile connectivity, e-governance and digital literacy.

DigiLocker

DigiLocker is a government digital platform that stores verified documents such as licences and certificates in the cloud for easy access and sharing.