Rajasthan Police Constable key terms

The three-tier system of local self-government in rural India, covering village, block and district levels. Rajasthan's Nagaur district led early experiments in 1959, making the state a pioneer of democratic decentralisation.

A 1992 amendment that gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions, mandating three-tier structures, five-year terms, reservations for women and Scheduled Castes and Tribes, and State Election Commissions.

The lowest tier of rural local government, covering one village or a group of villages. Its members are directly elected, and it is headed by a Sarpanch who convenes the Gram Sabha.

The elected head of a Gram Panchayat who presides over its meetings, signs resolutions and represents the village body before higher Panchayati Raj tiers and government departments.

The unicameral state legislature of Rajasthan, currently comprising 200 elected members. It sits in Jaipur, and the party with a majority elects the Chief Minister.

The constitutional head of a state, appointed by the President of India. The Governor appoints the Chief Minister, summons the legislature, and can reserve certain bills for presidential consideration.

The real executive head of a state government, chosen from among legislators and formally appointed by the Governor. The Chief Minister leads the Council of Ministers, which is collectively responsible to the Assembly.

A mountain range running diagonally across Rajasthan from southwest to northeast. It separates the arid western plains from the more fertile eastern region and includes Guru Shikhar, the state's highest peak.

The arid region spanning western Rajasthan and adjoining Pakistan, characterised by sand dunes, scarce rainfall and extreme temperature swings. It covers districts such as Jaisalmer, Barmer and Bikaner.

A major irrigation canal drawing water from the Harike barrage in Punjab and running through Rajasthan's desert districts. It supports agriculture and drinking water supply in the arid northwest.

A major river of Rajasthan flowing north-eastward through the state's south-eastern region before joining the Yamuna. It is known for deep ravines and for the Kota barrage and hydroelectric projects.

The highest peak of the Aravalli Range and of Rajasthan, located near Mount Abu in Sirohi district at roughly 1,722 metres. It is a popular tourist and pilgrimage point.

The state foundation day observed on 30 March, marking the day in 1949 when the princely states of Rajputana were merged into the present state, with Jaipur as capital.

A locally worshipped figure, often a hero or saint, venerated in Rajasthan's villages. Examples include Pabuji, Gogaji and Tejaji, whose shrines and oral epics are central to Rajasthani folk culture.

A traditional Rajasthani folk dance performed by women in swirling circles wearing wide ghagras. It is associated with weddings and festivals and is regarded as a symbol of the state's culture.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of one hundred, written with the percent sign. To find it, divide the part by the whole and multiply the result by 100.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind, while a proportion states that two ratios are equal. Problems often involve dividing an amount in a given ratio or scaling recipes and mixtures.

The sum of a set of quantities divided by their count. In aptitude tests, averages are used for age, speed and score problems, and shortcut methods help when values change by equal steps.

Interest calculated only on the original principal, using the formula principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by one hundred. It does not compound over successive periods.

Interest calculated on the principal plus previously accumulated interest, so the amount grows faster than with simple interest. It is usually computed annually, half-yearly or quarterly.

A set of related quantities where distance equals speed multiplied by time. Problems often involve relative speed, trains crossing poles or platforms, and conversions between kilometres per hour and metres per second.

Problems about how long people or machines take to complete a task, often solved by treating total work as one unit and adding rates of work per day.

A sequence of numbers following a hidden rule, such as adding a constant, multiplying, or alternating operations. The candidate identifies the pattern to find the missing or next term.

A reasoning question presenting two related items and asking for a third that shares the same relationship. The link may be based on category, function, part to whole, or opposite meaning.

A question giving a group of items in which all but one share a common property. The candidate must identify the item that does not fit the underlying rule.

A reasoning task where words or numbers are converted into a code by a rule such as shifting letters, reversing order or substituting symbols. The candidate applies the same rule to new words.

Reasoning problems describing family links through statements or symbols, asking how two people are related. Drawing a family tree helps avoid confusion over gender and generation.

Problems tracking movement in terms of north, south, east and west, often with turns. The candidate determines the final position or distance from the starting point using a simple diagram.

A logical reasoning question with two or more premises and a set of possible conclusions. Using Venn diagrams, the candidate decides which conclusions follow necessarily from the given statements.

The process by which green plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen, with chlorophyll in chloroplasts capturing light energy.

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells lack a wall and have a flexible membrane.

Three principles describing how forces affect motion: objects stay at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by a force; force equals mass times acceleration; and every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

The attractive force between objects with mass. On Earth it accelerates falling bodies at about 9.8 metres per second squared and gives objects their weight.

Acids release hydrogen ions in water, taste sour and turn blue litmus red; bases release hydroxide ions, feel slippery and turn red litmus blue. They neutralise each other to form salt and water.

A scale from 0 to 14 measuring how acidic or basic a solution is. Values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic; litmus and pH paper are common indicators.

दो वर्णों या शब्दों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं। जैसे विद्या और आलय मिलकर विद्यालय बनते हैं; संधि के स्वर, व्यंजन और विसर्ग भेद हैं।

दो या अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद को समास कहते हैं, जैसे राजपुत्र में राजा का पुत्र। इसके तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि और अव्ययीभाव भेद हैं।

वे शब्दांश जो किसी मूल शब्द के पहले जुड़कर उसका अर्थ बदल देते हैं, जैसे प्र, अनु, नि और अधि। उदाहरण के लिए प्र और हार मिलकर प्रहार बनाते हैं।

वे शब्दांश जो किसी मूल शब्द के बाद जुड़कर नया अर्थ या शब्दभेद बनाते हैं, जैसे लड़कपन में पन। ये कृत् और तद्धित दो प्रकार के होते हैं।

The grammatical rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, so a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb.

The form of a verb that shows when an action happens, whether present, past or future, and whether it is simple, continuous, perfect or perfect continuous.

Voice shows whether the subject performs the action or receives it. In the active voice the subject acts; in the passive voice the object becomes the subject, usually with a form of be plus the past participle.

A short word placed before a noun: a or an for singular countable nouns, and the for specific or already known nouns. Choosing correctly depends on sound and on whether the noun is definite.