Rajasthan Police SI key terms

The first written record police make of a cognizable offence, based on information given at the police station. It sets the investigation in motion and is registered under Section 154 of the CrPC.

An FIR registered by a police station that lacks territorial jurisdiction over the crime, later transferred to the proper station. It ensures no delay in beginning investigation, especially in serious offences.

An offence for which police may register a case and arrest without a warrant or magistrate's order. Examples include murder, robbery and theft. Non-cognizable offences require a magistrate's direction for investigation.

The final report police submit to a magistrate after investigation, listing the accused, evidence and offences. If evidence is insufficient, a closure or final report may instead be filed.

A written order by a magistrate authorising police to arrest a named person. It must be shown to the arrested person, and arrest without warrant is allowed only in specified circumstances.

Judicial authorisation to keep an arrested person in custody while investigation continues. Police must produce the accused before a magistrate within 24 hours of arrest, excluding travel time.

Release of an accused from custody, usually on furnishing security, pending trial. Bailable offences give a right to bail; in non-bailable offences the court exercises discretion.

Pre-arrest protection granted by a Sessions Court or High Court to a person apprehending arrest in a non-bailable offence. It may impose conditions and can be cancelled later.

Causing death of a person by doing an act with the intention of causing death, or with knowledge that the act is likely to cause death. It is defined in Section 299 of the IPC.

Culpable homicide that falls within the specific aggravated descriptions in Section 300 of the IPC, such as intention to cause death or causing death by a cruel act. Punishment is under Section 302.

The guilty mental state required for criminal liability, such as intention, knowledge, rashness or negligence. Most IPC offences require some form of mens rea along with the prohibited act.

The physical element of a crime, meaning the prohibited act, omission or conduct. Criminal liability generally requires both actus reus and the corresponding mental state.

A statement by a person about the cause of their death or circumstances of the transaction resulting in death. It is admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule under Section 32 of the Evidence Act.

Evidence based on what a witness heard from someone else rather than what they personally observed. It is generally inadmissible, subject to recognised exceptions such as dying declarations.

Evidence that is relevant and not excluded by law, so a court may consider it in deciding the case. Relevance and admissibility are distinct: relevant evidence may still be excluded.

The obligation of a party to prove a fact in issue. In criminal trials the prosecution generally bears it and must prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt.

The principle that an accused is treated as innocent until the prosecution proves guilt. It underlies the high standard of proof and the benefit of doubt given to the accused.

Constitutionally guaranteed rights in Part III, enforceable through writs under Article 32 or Article 226. They include equality, freedom, protection of life and personal liberty, and constitutional remedies.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Constitution directing state policy towards social and economic welfare. They are not directly enforceable in courts but are fundamental in governance.

A petition asking a court to issue a constitutional remedy such as habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition or quo warranto. The Supreme Court acts under Article 32 and High Courts under Article 226.

A writ requiring a person detaining another to produce the detainee before the court and justify the detention. It protects personal liberty against unlawful custody.

The geographical area within which a police station or court has lawful authority to act. Cases are ordinarily investigated and tried where the offence occurred.

A police strategy where officers are assigned defined small areas (beats) for patrolling, contact with residents and gathering local intelligence. It aims at prevention and community trust.

An approach where police work with residents, local bodies and volunteers to prevent crime and solve neighbourhood problems. Examples include mohalla committees and police-public liaison groups.

A local body of residents and police representatives that discusses safety concerns and coordinates preventive action in an area. It is commonly formed under community policing schemes.

Managing large gatherings to prevent disorder, using measures from barricades and announcements to tear gas and lathi charge in graduated escalation. Minimum necessary force is the guiding principle.

An order by a magistrate prohibiting or restricting assembly of four or more persons in a specified area to prevent danger to public peace. It is temporary and issued in urgent situations.

An assembly of five or more persons with a common object of using criminal force, intimidating or committing an offence. Members of such an assembly can be prosecuted under the IPC.

A written record of a search, seizure or scene inspection prepared by police in the presence of independent witnesses. It documents what was found and where, and supports later evidence.

Crime committed using computers, networks or digital devices, such as online fraud, identity theft, hacking and cyberstalking. Complaints can be filed on the national cybercrime reporting portal.

A fraud where a message, call or fake website tricks a person into revealing passwords, OTPs or bank details. Genuine institutions never ask for such confidential data by email or phone.

One-Time Password, a short code valid for a single transaction or login, sent to a registered phone or email. Sharing it with anyone allows misuse of the account.

An electronic method of verifying the authenticity and integrity of a digital document using cryptographic keys. It confirms the signer's identity and detects later tampering.

Hardware or software that filters network traffic according to rules, blocking unauthorised access while allowing permitted communication. It is a basic perimeter security control.

Software designed to harm or exploit a device or network, including viruses, worms, trojans and ransomware. Antivirus software and timely updates help reduce risk.

Hindi में दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाला परिवर्तन। जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय। इसके स्वर, व्यंजन और विसर्ग संधि जैसे भेद होते हैं।

संधि से बने शब्द को उसके मूल वर्णों में अलग करना। जैसे सूर्योदय का विच्छेद सूर्य + उदय है। परीक्षा में यह अकसर पूछा जाता है।

दो या अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद का नाम। जैसे राजपुत्र में राजा और पुत्र हैं। इसके तत्पुरुष, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि आदि भेद हैं।

ऐसा वाक्यांश जिसका अर्थ शब्दों के सामान्य अर्थ से भिन्न होता है। जैसे आँखों में धूल झोंकना का अर्थ धोखा देना है।

लोक अनुभव पर आधारित सूक्ति या कहावत, जो पूर्ण वाक्य के रूप में प्रयुक्त होती है। जैसे अंधों में काना राजा।

A word with a meaning close to or the same as another word in a given context, such as 'brave' and 'courageous'. Exact interchangeability depends on usage and register.

A word expressing the opposite meaning of another word, such as 'ancient' and 'modern'. Antonyms may be graded (hot/cold) or complementary (alive/dead).

A fixed expression whose meaning is not predictable from its individual words, such as 'to bite the bullet'. Idioms are tested through fill-in-the-blank and meaning questions.

A verb combined with a preposition or adverb that together carry a new meaning, such as 'give up' or 'look after'. The particle often changes the original sense of the verb.

A form of deductive reasoning with two premises and a conclusion, often drawn as circles (Venn diagrams). A conclusion is valid only if it follows necessarily from the premises.

A diagram using overlapping circles to show relationships among sets. It is a quick tool for checking whether syllogistic conclusions are definitely true, possible or false.

Reasoning from general statements to a specific conclusion that must follow if the premises are true. It contrasts with induction, which generalises from particular observations.

A reasoning problem that asks how people in a family described by statements are related. Drawing a family tree with standard symbols avoids confusion over gender and generation.

A reasoning problem tracking a person's path using north, south, east and west turns to find final position or distance. Sketching the route usually simplifies the solution.

The sum of a set of quantities divided by their number. If every value is increased or decreased by the same amount, the average changes by that amount.

A fraction expressed out of 100, used to compare quantities on a common scale. Successive percentage changes do not simply add; they must be applied one after another.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind; a proportion states that two ratios are equal. Unitary method problems often reduce to setting up a proportion.

The relation distance = speed × time, used to solve problems on trains, boats and relative motion. Converting km/h to m/s requires multiplying by 5/18.

Interest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula P × R × T / 100. It does not earn interest on previously accrued interest.

Interest calculated on the principal plus accumulated interest, so the amount grows faster than under simple interest. It is computed period by period on the changing balance.

Rajasthan Day, observed on 30 March, marking the final stage of the merger of princely states into the State of Rajasthan in 1949. It is a common current-affairs and state-history question.

People's movements in the princely states of Rajasthan that demanded civil rights and representative government before 1947. They contributed to the integration of the states after Independence.