Anuvad aur Rachna: Translation and Composition
What translation and composition test
Anuvād aur Rachanā checks whether you can move meaning between Hindi and Sanskrit without copying Hindi word order. Marks come from correct vibhakti, tense, pada and agreement, and from a composition that reads as Sanskrit, not Hindi in Sanskrit letters.
Core rules
- Find the kartā, karma, kriyā and kāla before translating.
- Map Hindi postpositions to Sanskrit vibhakti: ne → kartā prathamā (or tṛtīyā in passive); ko → dvitīyā; se → tṛtīyā; ke liye → caturthī; se (from) → pañcamī; kā/ke/kī → ṣaṣṭhī; meṃ → saptamī.
- Keep Sanskrit SOV order and make the verb agree in puruṣa and vacana.
- In composition, use simple sentences, connectives such as tathā, ataḥ, kin tu, yataḥ, and avoid long Hindi-style clauses.
Worked example
Hindi: राम ने पुस्तक पढ़ी। Identify: kartā Rāma, karma pustaka, kriyā paṭh, past. Sanskrit: rāmaḥ pustakam apathat. Rāma is masculine singular → prathamā rāmaḥ; pustaka is neuter singular → dvitīyā pustakam; paṭh in laṅ, 3sg. parasmaipada → apathat. If the sentence were passive, by Rāma would be rāmeṇa, not rāmaḥ.
Traps
- Translating ne always as tṛtīyā; it is prathamā in active past.
- Forgetting dual and plural verb endings.
- Using Hindi idioms literally, such as time pass or take tension.
- Wrong gender: pustaka is neuter, so pustakaḥ is an error.
- In letters and essays, mixing formal and informal address.