RPSC 2nd Grade Teacher flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Heron's formula

Gives the area of a triangle from its three sides: √[s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)], where s is the semi-perimeter (a+b+c)/2.

Quadratic discriminant

For ax² + bx + c = 0, D = b² − 4ac. D > 0 gives two distinct real roots, D = 0 equal roots, D < 0 no real roots.

Newton's second law

The net force on a body equals its mass times acceleration (F = ma). The acceleration is in the direction of the net force.

Aravalli range

An ancient fold mountain range running southwest to northeast across Rajasthan, separating the arid Thar Desert in the west from the wetter eastern plains.

Passive voice formation

Formed with a form of 'be' plus the past participle of a transitive verb, e.g., 'The letter was written by her.'

Bloom's revised taxonomy

A six-level cognitive objective hierarchy: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyse, Evaluate, Create. The first three are lower-order, the last three higher-order thinking.

Formative vs summative assessment

Formative assessment is ongoing, diagnostic and feedback-oriented during learning. Summative assessment is terminal and certifying, judging achievement at the end of a unit or course.

Validity and reliability

Validity is the degree a test measures what it claims to measure. Reliability is consistency of scores across occasions or items. Reliability is necessary but not sufficient for validity.

Criterion-referenced test

A test that compares a learner's performance against fixed learning criteria or standards, not against the performance of other learners.

Herbart's five steps

A lesson-planning sequence: preparation, presentation, association (comparison), generalisation (abstraction), and application.

Item difficulty index

The proportion of examinees answering an item correctly. Values near 0.5 give maximum discrimination among learners of differing ability.

Rajasthan Day

Celebrated on 1 November, marking the 1956 States Reorganisation that gave Rajasthan its present form. The state was built in stages from 1948.

Kalbeliya dance

A Rajasthani folk dance of the Sapera (snake-charmer) community, featuring swirling black skirts and acrobatic movements. It is recognised by UNESCO as intangible heritage.

Chambal River

The only perennial river flowing through Rajasthan. It rises in the Vindhyas and joins the Yamuna, and is known for its ravines and gharial sanctuary.

Rajasthan legislature size

The Rajasthan Legislative Assembly has 200 elected seats. The state elects 10 members to the Lok Sabha and 10 to the Rajya Sabha.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's term for the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with adult or peer guidance. Scaffolding bridges this gap.

Piaget's concrete operational stage

Ages roughly 7–11. Children master conservation, classification and seriation, and can reason logically about concrete objects but not abstract hypotheses.

Kohlberg's conventional level

The second level of moral reasoning, where right and wrong are judged by social approval (good boy/nice girl) and by maintaining law and order.

Classical conditioning

Pavlov's learning process in which a neutral stimulus repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus eliciting a conditioned response.

Dyscalculia

A specific learning disability affecting arithmetic: difficulty with number sense, computation, and understanding mathematical concepts despite normal intelligence.

Article 21

A Fundamental Right guaranteeing protection of life and personal liberty. Courts have read into it the rights to education, privacy, and a clean environment.

42nd Amendment 1976

Called the 'mini-Constitution'. It added 'socialist' and 'secular' to the Preamble and inserted Fundamental Duties (Article 51A).

Directive Principles

Part IV (Articles 36–51) of the Constitution. These are non-justiciable guidelines for state policy, including panchayats (Article 40) and a uniform civil code (Article 44).

Repo rate

The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities. Raising it typically tightens money supply.

RTE Act 2009

Guarantees free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14 (classes I–VIII). It reserves 25% of private unaided school seats for disadvantaged groups.

NEP 2020 school structure

Replaces 10+2 with a 5+3+3+4 structure: foundational (ages 3–8), preparatory (8–11), middle (11–14), and secondary (14–18).

DIKSHA platform

A national digital infrastructure for school education hosting e-content, QR-coded textbook resources, and teacher training modules in multiple Indian languages.

Samagra Shiksha

A 2018 scheme integrating Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan and teacher education, covering school education from pre-primary to class XII.

Anupras alankar

A Hindi figure of speech (अलंकार) in which the same consonant sound is repeated in close succession within a line, producing a rhythmic effect.

Ras in Hindi poetics

The nine aesthetic sentiments (नवरस): श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, and शांत.

Reported speech tense shift

When converting direct to indirect speech, the reporting verb in the past shifts the reported tense one step back (present to past, past to past perfect).

Shannon-Weaver model

A linear communication model with sender, encoder, message, channel, decoder, receiver, and noise. Feedback closes the communication loop.