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RRB Section Controller Written Test study materials
RRB Section Controller Written Test study resources

RRB Section Controller Written Test practice questions

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Question 1General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which body is constitutionally responsible for conducting elections to the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies in India?

  1. NITI Aayog
  2. Union Public Service Commission
  3. Election Commission of India Correct answer.
  4. Finance Commission

Explanation

Article 324 of the Constitution vests the superintendence, direction and control of elections to Parliament and State legislatures in the Election Commission of India. The other bodies listed have advisory, recruitment or fiscal roles rather than electoral administration.

Question 2General Awareness and Current Affairs

The headquarters of the Railway Board, the apex body that administers Indian Railways, is located in which city?

  1. Chennai
  2. Mumbai
  3. Kolkata
  4. New Delhi Correct answer.

Explanation

The Railway Board functions from Rail Bhavan in New Delhi and reports to the Ministry of Railways. It frames policy and coordinates the zonal railways spread across the country.

Question 3General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which Article of the Indian Constitution abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form?

  1. Article 21
  2. Article 14
  3. Article 32
  4. Article 17 Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 17 abolishes untouchability and makes its practice a punishable offence, and it is one of the few fundamental rights enforceable against private individuals as well as the State. Parliament gave it effect through the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.

Question 4General Awareness and Current Affairs

The Reserve Bank of India was nationalised in which year?

  1. 1935
  2. 1969
  3. 1947
  4. 1949 Correct answer.

Explanation

The RBI began operations in 1935 as a private shareholders' bank and was nationalised on 1 January 1949. Its nationalisation transferred ownership to the Government of India, aligning monetary authority with public policy.

Question 5General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which is the largest planet in the Solar System by mass and diameter?

  1. Saturn
  2. Neptune
  3. Earth
  4. Jupiter Correct answer.

Explanation

Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System, with a mass greater than all other planets combined. Saturn is second in size but is substantially less massive than Jupiter.

Question 6General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which is the longest river flowing entirely within India?

  1. Ganga
  2. Godavari Correct answer.
  3. Narmada
  4. Brahmaputra

Explanation

The Godavari, at about 1,465 km, is the longest river whose entire course lies within India, flowing through Maharashtra, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The Ganga and Brahmaputra both continue into Bangladesh.

Question 7General Awareness and Current Affairs

Under the Indian Constitution, a Money Bill can be introduced in which House of Parliament, and on whose recommendation?

  1. Rajya Sabha only, on the recommendation of the Vice-President
  2. Lok Sabha only, on the recommendation of the Speaker
  3. Lok Sabha only, on the recommendation of the President Correct answer.
  4. Either House, on the recommendation of the President

Explanation

Article 110 read with Article 117 provides that a Money Bill may be introduced only in the Lok Sabha and only on the recommendation of the President. The Rajya Sabha can only make recommendations, which the Lok Sabha may accept or reject.

Question 8General Awareness and Current Affairs

The Fundamental Duties of citizens were added to the Constitution by which amendment, and on the recommendation of which committee?

  1. 42nd Amendment, on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee Correct answer.
  2. 73rd Amendment, on the recommendation of the Ashok Mehta Committee
  3. 52nd Amendment, on the recommendation of the Tarkunde Committee
  4. 44th Amendment, on the recommendation of the Sarkaria Commission

Explanation

The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 inserted Part IVA (Article 51A) listing Fundamental Duties, following the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. A tenth duty was added later by the 86th Amendment in 2002.

Question 9General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which of the following pairs of Indian railway zone and its headquarters is correctly matched?

  1. North Eastern Railway – Kanpur
  2. Western Railway – Pune
  3. Eastern Railway – Bhubaneswar
  4. South Central Railway – Secunderabad Correct answer.

Explanation

South Central Railway is headquartered at Secunderabad. Correct zone-headquarter pairs are useful reference knowledge for candidates preparing for railway establishment and administration questions.

Question 10General Awareness and Current Affairs

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India came into force on which date, following the ratification of the 101st Constitutional Amendment?

  1. 1 January 2018
  2. 1 April 2016
  3. 1 July 2017 Correct answer.
  4. 15 August 2017

Explanation

GST was rolled out at midnight on 1 July 2017, after the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016 gave Parliament and States concurrent power to levy it. It replaced a range of indirect taxes such as excise duty, service tax and VAT.

Question 11General Awareness and Current Affairs

Consider the Indian monsoon: which of the following statements about the southwest monsoon is correct?

  1. It arrives first over Kerala around June and withdraws from northwest India first Correct answer.
  2. It arrives first over Kerala and withdraws from Kerala first
  3. It arrives first over Gujarat and withdraws from Kerala first
  4. It arrives first over the northeast and withdraws from the northeast first

Explanation

The southwest monsoon normally sets in over Kerala around the first week of June and advances northwards. Its withdrawal begins from northwest India around September, moving southwards until it finally leaves Kerala.

Question 12General Awareness and Current Affairs

The President of India can declare a National Emergency under Article 352 on which ground that was added by the 44th Amendment?

  1. External aggression
  2. Internal disturbance
  3. Financial instability
  4. Armed rebellion Correct answer.

Explanation

The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 replaced the expression 'internal disturbance' with 'armed rebellion' as a ground for a National Emergency under Article 352. External aggression and war remain the other grounds.

Question 13General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages by which a Bill becomes an Act in Parliament?

  1. First Reading, Third Reading, Second Reading, Committee Stage, President's Assent
  2. First Reading, Second Reading, Committee Stage, Third Reading, President's Assent Correct answer.
  3. Second Reading, First Reading, Third Reading, Committee Stage, President's Assent
  4. Committee Stage, First Reading, Second Reading, President's Assent, Third Reading

Explanation

A Bill is introduced (First Reading), debated in principle (Second Reading), examined in detail at the committee stage, voted upon (Third Reading), and then sent for the President's assent. Both Houses must agree before the assent stage.

Question 14General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which of the following statements about the Rajya Sabha is correct?

  1. It is a permanent House that is never dissolved as a whole Correct answer.
  2. All its members are elected by the people directly
  3. Its members serve a term of four years
  4. The Vice-President is an elected member of the Rajya Sabha

Explanation

The Rajya Sabha is a permanent chamber and is not subject to dissolution; one-third of its members retire every two years, each serving a six-year term. The Vice-President is its ex-officio Chairman but is not a member.

Question 15General Awareness and Current Affairs

The Tropic of Cancer passes through how many Indian States?

  1. Seven
  2. Nine
  3. Six
  4. Eight Correct answer.

Explanation

The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian States: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. This is a standard reference fact for Indian geography.

Question 16General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which of the following statements about the Right to Information Act, 2005 is correct?

  1. It applies only to the Union Government and its departments
  2. It applies to public authorities and imposes a time limit of thirty days for ordinary requests Correct answer.
  3. It excludes all State Governments from its ambit
  4. It applies only to private companies receiving foreign investment

Explanation

The RTI Act, 2005 applies to public authorities across the Union and States, and requires information to be supplied within thirty days of a request in ordinary cases. Shorter timelines apply where the request concerns the life or liberty of a person.

Question 17General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which of the following best describes the constitutional position of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India?

  1. The CAG is a subordinate office under the Ministry of Finance
  2. The CAG is appointed by the Chief Justice of India
  3. The CAG is an independent constitutional authority who audits the accounts of the Union and States Correct answer.
  4. The CAG's reports are submitted directly to the President and are never laid before Parliament

Explanation

Articles 148 to 151 establish the CAG as an independent constitutional officer who audits the accounts of the Union and States and reports to the President or Governor. The reports are laid before Parliament or the State legislature.

Question 18General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which of the following is the correct order of the planets of the Solar System from the Sun outward, restricted to the four listed below?

  1. Earth, Venus, Mercury, Mars
  2. Venus, Mercury, Mars, Earth
  3. Mars, Earth, Venus, Mercury
  4. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Correct answer.

Explanation

The terrestrial planets in order of increasing distance from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The remaining planets are the gas and ice giants Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Question 19General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which of the following statements about the Finance Commission of India is correct?

  1. It recommends the appointment of judges to the Supreme Court
  2. It is a permanent body that prepares the annual Union Budget
  3. It is constituted every year under Article 324
  4. It is constituted every five years under Article 280 and recommends devolution of taxes between the Union and States Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 280 requires the President to constitute a Finance Commission every five years, primarily to recommend how net tax proceeds should be distributed between the Union and the States. It also advises on grants-in-aid and other fiscal matters.

Question 20General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which of the following statements about the Preamble to the Constitution of India is correct?

  1. It was enacted as a statute and can be amended only by a special majority as a whole
  2. It was deleted by the 42nd Amendment
  3. It confers enforceable fundamental rights on citizens
  4. It is not enforceable in courts but is a key to the interpretation of the Constitution Correct answer.

Explanation

The Supreme Court in the Berubari Union and Kesavananda Bharati cases held that the Preamble is not an independent source of enforceable power but aids interpretation of the Constitution. It was amended once, by the 42nd Amendment, which added 'socialist' and 'secular'.

Question 21General Intelligence and Reasoning

In a railway control chart, a controller notes that the number of trains cleared through a block in the first hour is 12, and each following hour the count rises by 3. What is the total number of trains cleared over the first 6 hours?

  1. 99
  2. 90
  3. 87 Correct answer.
  4. 102

Explanation

The counts form an arithmetic progression with first term 12 and common difference 3, so the six terms are 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27. Their sum is 6/2 × (12 + 27) = 3 × 39 = 87. Summing the listed terms directly gives the same total.

Question 22General Intelligence and Reasoning

A signal panel uses the code where PANEL is written as QBOFM. Using the same rule, how would TRACK be written?

  1. UTBDL
  2. USBDL Correct answer.
  3. USBEL
  4. SUBEL

Explanation

Each letter of PANEL is shifted one place forward in the alphabet (P→Q, A→B, N→O, E→F, L→M). Applying the same +1 shift to TRACK gives U, S, B, D, L, i.e. USBDL. Consistency of the shift across all letters confirms the rule.

Question 23General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller records that all block sections fitted with axle counters are also fitted with track circuits, and some track-circuit sections are fitted with point machines. Which conclusion follows necessarily?

  1. Some axle-counter sections are fitted with point machines
  2. No axle-counter section is fitted with a point machine
  3. All axle-counter sections are fitted with point machines
  4. Some track-circuit sections are fitted with axle counters Correct answer.

Explanation

Since every axle-counter section is a track-circuit section, the set of axle-counter sections is a subset of track-circuit sections, so at least those sections are track-circuit sections with axle counters. The link to point machines applies only to some track-circuit sections and cannot be transferred to axle-counter sections.

Question 24General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller is standing at a point facing north. She turns 90° clockwise, then 180°, then 90° anticlockwise. Which direction is she now facing?

  1. South Correct answer.
  2. East
  3. North
  4. West

Explanation

Net rotation is +90 −180 −90 = −180 degrees, i.e. a half turn. Starting from north and turning 180° gives south. Tracking step by step (north→east→west→south) confirms the same result.

Question 25General Intelligence and Reasoning

In a certain code, 4 * 6 = 26 and 7 * 5 = 38. If the rule is consistent, what is the value of 9 * 3?

  1. 30
  2. 48 Correct answer.
  3. 54
  4. 36

Explanation

Testing 4*6 = 4² + ... does not fit; instead 4×6 + 2 = 26 and 7×5 + 3 = 38 is inconsistent. The consistent rule is a² + b + 4? Checking: 4×6 + 2 = 26 and 7×5 + 3 = 38 differ, so the rule is a×b + (a − 2): 4×6 + 2 = 26 and 7×5 + 3 = 38. Applying to 9*3 gives 9×3 + 3 = 30.

Question 26General Intelligence and Reasoning

Six stations P, Q, R, S, T and U lie on a single line in that order from west to east. A controller at S wants to know how many stations lie strictly between P and T. What is the answer?

  1. One
  2. Three
  3. Four
  4. Two Correct answer.

Explanation

With the order P, Q, R, S, T, U, the stations strictly between P and T are Q, R and S - but S is an endpoint of the position, so between P and T lie Q and R only. Counting positions 2 and 3 gives two stations.

Question 27General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller's log shows the sequence of block clearances: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ?. Which number continues the pattern?

  1. 36
  2. 44
  3. 40
  4. 42 Correct answer.

Explanation

The differences are 4, 6, 8, 10, so the next difference is 12 and the next term is 30 + 12 = 42. Equivalently each term is n(n+1) for n = 1, 2, 3, …, giving 6×7 = 42.

Question 28General Intelligence and Reasoning

In a railway yard, five rakes A, B, C, D and E are parked in a row. C is immediately to the right of A, and B is at the extreme left. D is between C and E. Which rake is at the extreme right?

  1. E Correct answer.
  2. C
  3. A
  4. D

Explanation

With B at the extreme left, the remaining positions are filled by A, C, D, E. Since C is immediately right of A and D lies between C and E, the order must be B, A, C, D, E, placing E at the extreme right.

Question 29General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller uses the relation: 'Signal X fails' implies 'Train Y is detained'. If Train Y was not detained, which statement must be true?

  1. Signal X and Train Y both failed
  2. Signal X failed
  3. Signal X did not fail Correct answer.
  4. Train Y was detained for another reason

Explanation

The statement is of the form 'if P then Q'. Its contrapositive, 'if not Q then not P', is logically equivalent and must hold. Since Y was not detained (not Q), it follows that signal X did not fail (not P).

Question 30General Intelligence and Reasoning

A clock in the control room shows 3:30. What is the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand at that time?

  1. 80°
  2. 85°
  3. 90°
  4. 75° Correct answer.

Explanation

At 3:30 the minute hand points at 6 (180° from 12), while the hour hand has moved half past 3, i.e. 3.5 × 30 = 105°. The difference is 180 − 105 = 75°. The formula |30H − 5.5M| gives |90 − 165| = 75°.

Question 31General Intelligence and Reasoning

In a control-room roster, the code for 'danger' is 4, for 'caution' is 3 and for 'clear' is 5. If a message reads 'clear danger caution', what is its coded total?

  1. 12 Correct answer.
  2. 13
  3. 11
  4. 10

Explanation

Substituting the given values: clear = 5, danger = 4, caution = 3. Their sum is 5 + 4 + 3 = 12. Addition is order-independent, so the arrangement of words does not affect the total.

Question 32General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller observes that in a group of 40 trains, 25 are fitted with TPWS and 18 with GSM-R, while 10 have both. How many trains have neither system?

  1. 7 Correct answer.
  2. 3
  3. 9
  4. 5

Explanation

By inclusion–exclusion, the number with at least one system is 25 + 18 − 10 = 33. Subtracting from the total gives 40 − 33 = 7 trains with neither system. Double-counting the overlap is the key step.

Question 33General Intelligence and Reasoning

Read the series of signal indications: red, green, yellow, red, green, yellow, red, … What will be the 20th indication in this repeating cycle?

  1. Cannot be determined
  2. Green Correct answer.
  3. Red
  4. Yellow

Explanation

The cycle length is 3 (red, green, yellow). Dividing 20 by 3 gives remainder 2, so the 20th term matches the 2nd term of the cycle, which is green. Confirming: positions 1, 4, 7, … are red; 2, 5, 8, … are green.

Question 34General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller's route map shows that Ashapur is north of Barganj, and Barganj is west of Chilka. In which direction is Ashapur from Chilka?

  1. North-east Correct answer.
  2. South-west
  3. North-west
  4. South-east

Explanation

Place Chilka as the reference. Barganj lies west of Chilka, and Ashapur lies north of Barganj. Combining a westward displacement with a northward displacement from Chilka gives a position to the north-east of Chilka.

Question 35General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller claims: 'Every delayed train had a signal failure.' Which single observation would disprove this claim?

  1. A delayed train with no signal failure Correct answer.
  2. A train with a signal failure that was not delayed
  3. A signal failure that affected two trains
  4. A train with neither a delay nor a signal failure

Explanation

The claim asserts that delay always accompanies signal failure, i.e. every delayed train is a signal-failure train. A single delayed train without a signal failure is a counterexample and falsifies the universal statement. Other combinations are compatible with the claim.

Question 36General Intelligence and Reasoning

In a certain code language, 'signal clear' is written as 'pa ta' and 'clear track' is written as 'ta ka'. Which word represents 'signal'?

  1. ta
  2. ka
  3. pa Correct answer.
  4. Cannot be determined

Explanation

The word 'clear' appears in both phrases, and the common code word is 'ta', so 'ta' means 'clear'. In the first phrase the remaining code 'pa' must therefore stand for 'signal'. The second phrase then gives 'ka' for 'track'.

Question 37General Intelligence and Reasoning

A, B, C and D are four controllers seated around a square table, each at one side facing the centre. A is opposite C, and B is to the immediate right of A. Who is to the immediate right of C?

  1. A
  2. D Correct answer.
  3. Cannot be determined
  4. B

Explanation

With A and C opposite and B immediately right of A, D must occupy the remaining seat opposite B. Facing the centre, the person immediately right of C is D. Fixing A at the north side and working around the table confirms this.

Question 38General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller notes that 5 signal technicians can inspect 5 block sections in 5 days. At the same rate, how many days will 10 technicians take to inspect 10 block sections?

  1. 20 days
  2. 10 days
  3. 5 days Correct answer.
  4. 2.5 days

Explanation

Five technicians inspecting five sections in five days means each technician inspects one section in five days, so the rate per technician is one section per five days. Ten technicians together inspect ten sections in the same five days because both workforce and workload double proportionally.

Question 39General Intelligence and Reasoning

A train leaves a control section at 14:45 and the next leaves 1 hour 50 minutes later. At what time does the second train leave?

  1. 16:35 Correct answer.
  2. 16:45
  3. 16:55
  4. 16:25

Explanation

Adding 1 hour to 14:45 gives 15:45, and adding 50 minutes to that gives 16:35. Checking: 14:45 plus 1:50 equals 16:35 because 45 + 50 = 95 minutes, i.e. 1 hour 35 minutes beyond 15:00.

Question 40General Intelligence and Reasoning

Five block sections P, Q, R, S and T have different clearance times. Q clears before R but after P. S clears before P. T clears after R. Which section clears last?

  1. R
  2. T Correct answer.
  3. P
  4. Q

Explanation

From the clues: S before P, P before Q, Q before R, and R before T. Chaining them gives S < P < Q < R < T, so T clears last. Each clue fixes a strict ordering that together determines the full sequence.

Question 41General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller's panel shows a sequence: 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, ?. Which number comes next?

  1. 50
  2. 46
  3. 44
  4. 48 Correct answer.

Explanation

The terms equal n² − 1 for n = 2, 3, 4, …, giving 3, 8, 15, 24, 35; the next is 7² − 1 = 48. Equivalently the differences 5, 7, 9, 11 increase by 2, so the next difference is 13 and 35 + 13 = 48.

Question 42General Intelligence and Reasoning

In a control office, every controller who is a relief-signalman is also a route-learner, and no route-learner is a panel-operator. Which conclusion is valid?

  1. Some relief-signalmen are panel-operators
  2. Some panel-operators are route-learners
  3. All panel-operators are relief-signalmen
  4. No relief-signalman is a panel-operator Correct answer.

Explanation

Relief-signalmen are a subset of route-learners, and route-learners are disjoint from panel-operators. Therefore relief-signalmen cannot overlap panel-operators, so no relief-signalman is a panel-operator. The other options contradict the given disjointness or reverse the subset relation.

Question 43General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller's duty cycle repeats every 4 days: day 1 is a night shift, day 2 morning, day 3 evening, day 4 rest. If day 1 is a night shift, what shift falls on day 26?

  1. Rest
  2. Night
  3. Evening
  4. Morning Correct answer.

Explanation

Dividing 26 by 4 gives remainder 2, so day 26 matches the second position of the four-day cycle, which is the morning shift. Checking backward: days 1, 5, 9, …, 25 are night shifts, making day 26 a morning shift.

Question 44General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller reports: 'If the block is occupied, the signal is at danger.' The signal is observed at clear. What can be concluded?

  1. The signal has failed
  2. The block is not occupied Correct answer.
  3. The block is occupied
  4. The block may be occupied or not

Explanation

The implication 'occupied → danger' has the valid contrapositive 'not danger → not occupied'. A clear signal is not at danger, so the block cannot be occupied. Concluding otherwise would commit the fallacy of denying the antecedent.

Question 45General Intelligence and Reasoning

In a group of 60 trains, 36 use electric traction and 30 use diesel, with some using both. If every train uses at least one of the two, how many use both?

  1. 6 Correct answer.
  2. 10
  3. 8
  4. 4

Explanation

Since every train uses at least one type, the union equals 60. By inclusion–exclusion, 60 = 36 + 30 − both, so both = 66 − 60 = 6. The overlap is the excess of the sum over the total.

Question 46General Intelligence and Reasoning

A Section Controller reads a standing instruction: 'Whenever a block section is occupied, the last-stop signal for that section must be at danger.' During a routine check the last-stop signal for block section K is found at clear. Which conclusion follows strictly from the instruction?

  1. Block section K is not occupied. Correct answer.
  2. Block section K is occupied but the signal has failed.
  3. Nothing at all can be concluded about block section K.
  4. The signal will be put back to danger within one minute.

Explanation

The instruction has the form 'if occupied, then signal at danger'. Observing the signal at clear denies the consequent, so by modus tollens the antecedent must be false, meaning the section is not occupied. This is valid only because the rule is stated as an unconditional requirement for every occupied section.

Question 47General Intelligence and Reasoning

In a control-office code, the word 'SECTION' is written as 'TFDUJPO'. Using the same code, how would a controller write 'BLOCK'?

  1. CMODL Correct answer.
  2. CMODK
  3. BNPDL
  4. CMDOL

Explanation

Each letter of the original word is shifted one place forward in the alphabet: S becomes T, E becomes F, and so on, which turns SECTION into TFDUJPO. Applying the same single forward shift to BLOCK gives C, M, O, D, L in order.

Question 48General Intelligence and Reasoning

A controller's panel records the number of trains detained in successive hours as 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36. If the pattern continues unchanged, how many trains will be detained in the eighth hour?

  1. 49
  2. 81
  3. 64 Correct answer.
  4. 72

Explanation

The counts are the squares of the hour numbers: 1x1, 2x2, 3x3 and so on, so the sixth hour gives 36. The seventh hour therefore gives 49 and the eighth hour gives 8x8, which is 64. The question asks for the eighth term, not the seventh.

Question 49General Intelligence and Reasoning

In a yard, six rakes are parked in a single row facing north, numbered 1 to 6 from west to east. Rake M is third to the left of rake P, and rake P is at position 5. Rake Q is immediately east of rake M. Which position does rake Q occupy?

  1. Position 2 Correct answer.
  2. Position 4
  3. Position 1
  4. Position 3

Explanation

Counting three places to the left of position 5 gives position 2, so rake M stands at position 2. Rake Q is immediately east of M, that is one place to the right, which is position 3.

Question 50General Intelligence and Reasoning

In a control office, some controllers are panel operators, all panel operators are trained in block working, and no controller trained in block working is a probationer. Which statement must be true?

  1. Some controllers trained in block working are probationers.
  2. All probationers are trained in block working.
  3. Some probationers are panel operators.
  4. No panel operator is a probationer. Correct answer.

Explanation

Every panel operator belongs to the group trained in block working, and that group is wholly disjoint from the probationers. A class contained in one set can share no member with a set disjoint from it, so panel operators and probationers cannot overlap. The size of the panel-operator group is irrelevant to this conclusion.