Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary cheat sheet

Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary is conducted by the Rajasthan Staff Selection Board (RSMSSB/RSSB), Ajmer; the paper carries 150 questions for 300 marks with 2 marks per correct answer and negative marking of 1/3 mark per wrong answer.

Rajasthan's Lok Sabha seats: 25; Rajya Sabha seats: 10; total Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) seats: 200.

Rajasthan Day is celebrated on 30 March, marking the formation of the United State of Rajasthan in 1949; the first Chief Minister was Heera Lal Shastri.

Rajasthan's state animal is the chinkara (and camel as state animal of Rajasthan heritage), state bird is the Godawan (Great Indian Bustard), state tree is Khejri, state flower is Rohida.

National institutions in Rajasthan: Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur (bench at Jaipur), Rajasthan University at Jaipur, IIT at Jodhpur, IIM at Udaipur, AIIMS at Jodhpur.

Key current-affairs anchors: G20 Summit 2023 held in New Delhi under India's presidency; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023; Aditya-L1 launched September 2023.

Constitutional articles often asked: Article 14 (equality), 21 (life and personal liberty), 32 (writs), 44 (uniform civil code), 356 (President's rule), 370 (special status of J&K, abrogated 2019).

Rajasthan's neighbouring states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat; it shares an international border with Pakistan along its western side.

Major Rajput dynasties and capitals: Sisodia (Mewar, Chittorgarh/Udaipur), Rathore (Marwar, Jodhpur), Kachhwaha (Amber/Jaipur), Chauhan (Ajmer), Bhati (Jaisalmer), Shekhawat (Shekhawati).

Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh; Battle of Khanwa (1527) between Rana Sanga and Babur.

Folk deities: Pabuji (camel, Phalodi), Gogaji (snake god, Gogamedi), Tejaji (snakebite healer, Kharnal), Ramdevji (Krishna avatar, Ramdevra), Devnarayan.

Folk dances: Ghoomar (women, circular), Kalbeliya (snake charmers, UNESCO-recognised), Bhavai (balancing pots), Gair (men, Mewar), Chari, Terah Taali.

Painting schools: Kishangarh (Bani Thani, Nihal Chand), Bundi, Kota, Mewar, Marwar, Dhundhar, Hadoti; Bani Thani is called the 'Indian Mona Lisa'.

Geographic features: Aravalli Range (oldest fold mountains), Thar Desert (Marusthali), Mount Abu (Guru Shikhar, highest peak 1,722 m), Sambhar Lake (largest inland salt lake).

Rivers: Chambal (only perennial, from Janapav hills), Luni (only river of the Thar, from Naga hills near Ajmer), Banas (from Khamnor hills), Mahi, Sabarmati.

Polity/economy: Rajasthan has 33 districts (after 2023 carve-outs), 7 divisions, 200 Assembly seats; major industries include textiles, cement, zinc (Zawar), marble (Makrana), and tourism.

Average = Sum of values / Number of values; if a person's age is replaced, use the change in total to find the new value.

Percentage change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive change formula: a + b + ab/100.

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100; Compound Interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for 2 years, CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; Loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; discount is always calculated on marked price.

Speed = Distance / Time; for two trains moving in opposite directions, relative speed = sum of speeds; same direction = difference.

Time and work: if A does work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; for three-part mixtures use the alligation rule (Cheap–Mean)/(Mean–Dear).

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Probability = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes; for two dice, total outcomes = 36; for a coin tossed n times, total = 2ⁿ.

Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2 … Z=26; EJOTY mnemonic gives E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25 for quick reference.

Coding-decoding: check whether letters are shifted by a fixed number (+1, −2), reversed, or substituted; verify rule on at least two letters before applying.

Series rules: differences, alternate series, squares/cubes (1, 4, 9, 16…), primes, and products; check second-level differences if first fails.

Blood relations: draw a family tree using symbols; vertical = generations, horizontal = siblings/spouse; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: draw a compass; if a person turns right facing north, they face east; after three right turns, face south.

Seating arrangement: fix one person and arrange others clockwise/anticlockwise; for linear rows, note whether facing north or south reverses left/right.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram.

Odd one out: check letter positions, vowel/consonant pattern, prime/composite numbers, or perfect squares before rejecting an option.

Clock and calendar: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M|; odd days in a century = 5 (for 100 years), leap year rule: divisible by 4, century by 400.

Computer generations: 1st (vacuum tubes), 2nd (transistors), 3rd (integrated circuits), 4th (microprocessors), 5th (AI/ULSI).

Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > RAM > secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: .docx extension; MS Excel: .xlsx; PowerPoint: .pptx; Notepad: .txt; default image formats: .jpg, .png, .gif.

OS functions: process management, memory management, file system, device drivers; examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, UNIX, Android.

Internet terms: URL (Uniform Resource Locator), HTTP/HTTPS protocols, IP address, DNS (Domain Name System), ISP (Internet Service Provider).

MS Excel: formula begins with '='; SUM(), AVERAGE(), COUNT(), IF(), VLOOKUP() are common functions; cell reference A1 means column A, row 1.

Networking: LAN (local), WAN (wide), MAN (metropolitan); common devices: router, switch, hub, modem; Wi-Fi uses IEEE 802.11 standards.

वर्ण के भेद: स्वर (11) और व्यंजन (33); स्वर के भेद - ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत; व्यंजन के भेद - स्पर्श, अंतःस्थ, ऊष्म।

संधि के प्रकार: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण - विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, बहुव्रीहि, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, अव्ययीभाव; उदाहरण - नीलकमल = कर्मधारय।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़ता है (अनु + शासन = अनुशासन); प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

संज्ञा के भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक; सर्वनाम के भेद: पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, निश्चयवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक, संबंधवाचक।

काल के तीन भेद: वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के चार उपभेद (सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण, संदिग्ध)।

वाक्य शुद्धि और मुहावरे: 'अंधे की लाठी' का अर्थ - एकमात्र सहारा; 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ - भाग जाना।

रस के नौ भेद (श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, शांत) और अलंकार (अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, यमक, श्लेष)।

Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; identify by function in the sentence, not by word alone.

Tenses: present simple for habits, present continuous for ongoing actions, present perfect for completed actions with present relevance (has/have + V3).

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'Each, every, either, neither' take singular verbs; collective nouns may take singular or plural depending on context.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific/unique references.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle; 'The boy wrote a letter' → 'A letter was written by the boy'.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns and tense (present → past), remove quotation marks; 'He said, "I am busy"' → 'He said that he was busy'.

Common error traps: 'One of my friends is' (singular verb), 'The news is' (singular), 'He is senior to me' (not 'than'), 'prefer to' + noun.

Idioms: 'to let the cat out of the bag' (reveal a secret), 'once in a blue moon' (rarely), 'a piece of cake' (very easy), 'to beat around the bush' (avoid the main point).

Synonyms and antonyms: choose based on context; e.g., 'benevolent' = kind (synonym), antonym = cruel; 'obsolete' = outdated, antonym = modern.

Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary is conducted by the Rajasthan Staff Selection Board (RSMSSB/RSSB), Ajmer; the paper carries 150 questions for 300 marks with 2 marks per correct answer and negative marking of 1/3 mark per wrong answer.

Rajasthan's Lok Sabha seats: 25; Rajya Sabha seats: 10; total Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) seats: 200.

Rajasthan Day is celebrated on 30 March, marking the formation of the United State of Rajasthan in 1949; the first Chief Minister was Heera Lal Shastri.

Rajasthan's state animal is the chinkara, state bird is the Godawan (Great Indian Bustard), state tree is Khejri, state flower is Rohida.

National institutions in Rajasthan: Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur (bench at Jaipur), Rajasthan University at Jaipur, IIT at Jodhpur, IIM at Udaipur, AIIMS at Jodhpur.

Key current-affairs anchors: G20 Summit 2023 held in New Delhi under India's presidency; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023; Aditya-L1 launched September 2023.

Constitutional articles often asked: Article 14 (equality), 21 (life and personal liberty), 32 (writs), 44 (uniform civil code), 356 (President's rule), 370 (special status of J&K, abrogated 2019).

Rajasthan's neighbouring states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat; it shares an international border with Pakistan along its western side.

Major Rajput dynasties and capitals: Sisodia (Mewar, Chittorgarh/Udaipur), Rathore (Marwar, Jodhpur), Kachhwaha (Amber/Jaipur), Chauhan (Ajmer), Bhati (Jaisalmer), Shekhawat (Shekhawati).

Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh; Battle of Khanwa (1527) between Rana Sanga and Babur.

Folk deities: Pabuji (camel, Phalodi), Gogaji (snake god, Gogamedi), Tejaji (snakebite healer, Kharnal), Ramdevji (Krishna avatar, Ramdevra), Devnarayan.

Folk dances: Ghoomar (women, circular), Kalbeliya (snake charmers, UNESCO-recognised), Bhavai (balancing pots), Gair (men, Mewar), Chari, Terah Taali.

Painting schools: Kishangarh (Bani Thani, Nihal Chand), Bundi, Kota, Mewar, Marwar, Dhundhar, Hadoti; Bani Thani is called the 'Indian Mona Lisa'.

Geographic features: Aravalli Range (oldest fold mountains), Thar Desert (Marusthali), Mount Abu (Guru Shikhar, highest peak 1,722 m), Sambhar Lake (largest inland salt lake).

Rivers: Chambal (only perennial, from Janapav hills), Luni (only river of the Thar, from Naga hills near Ajmer), Banas (from Khamnor hills), Mahi, Sabarmati.

Polity/economy: Rajasthan has 33 districts (after 2023 carve-outs), 7 divisions, 200 Assembly seats; major industries include textiles, cement, zinc (Zawar), marble (Makrana), and tourism.

Average = Sum of values / Number of values; if a person's age is replaced, use the change in total to find the new value.

Percentage change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive change formula: a + b + ab/100.

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100; Compound Interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for 2 years, CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; Loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; discount is always calculated on marked price.

Speed = Distance / Time; for two trains moving in opposite directions, relative speed = sum of speeds; same direction = difference.

Time and work: if A does work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; for three-part mixtures use the alligation rule (Cheap–Mean)/(Mean–Dear).

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Probability = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes; for two dice, total outcomes = 36; for a coin tossed n times, total = 2ⁿ.

Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2 … Z=26; EJOTY mnemonic gives E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25 for quick reference.

Coding-decoding: check whether letters are shifted by a fixed number (+1, −2), reversed, or substituted; verify rule on at least two letters before applying.

Series rules: differences, alternate series, squares/cubes (1, 4, 9, 16…), primes, and products; check second-level differences if first fails.

Blood relations: draw a family tree using symbols; vertical = generations, horizontal = siblings/spouse; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: draw a compass; if a person turns right facing north, they face east; after three right turns, face south.

Seating arrangement: fix one person and arrange others clockwise/anticlockwise; for linear rows, note whether facing north or south reverses left/right.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram.

Odd one out: check letter positions, vowel/consonant pattern, prime/composite numbers, or perfect squares before rejecting an option.

Clock and calendar: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M|; odd days in a century = 5 (for 100 years); leap year rule: divisible by 4, century by 400.

Computer generations: 1st (vacuum tubes), 2nd (transistors), 3rd (integrated circuits), 4th (microprocessors), 5th (AI/ULSI).

Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > RAM > secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: .docx extension; MS Excel: .xlsx; PowerPoint: .pptx; Notepad: .txt; default image formats: .jpg, .png, .gif.

OS functions: process management, memory management, file system, device drivers; examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, UNIX, Android.

Internet terms: URL (Uniform Resource Locator), HTTP/HTTPS protocols, IP address, DNS (Domain Name System), ISP (Internet Service Provider).

MS Excel: formula begins with '='; SUM(), AVERAGE(), COUNT(), IF(), VLOOKUP() are common functions; cell reference A1 means column A, row 1.

Networking: LAN (local), WAN (wide), MAN (metropolitan); common devices: router, switch, hub, modem; Wi-Fi uses IEEE 802.11 standards.

वर्ण के भेद: स्वर (11) और व्यंजन (33); स्वर के भेद - ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत; व्यंजन के भेद - स्पर्श, अंतःस्थ, ऊष्म।

संधि के प्रकार: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण - विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, बहुव्रीहि, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, अव्ययीभाव; उदाहरण - नीलकमल = कर्मधारय।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़ता है (अनु + शासन = अनुशासन); प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

संज्ञा के भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक; सर्वनाम के भेद: पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, निश्चयवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक, संबंधवाचक।

काल के तीन भेद: वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के चार उपभेद (सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण, संदिग्ध)।

वाक्य शुद्धि और मुहावरे: 'अंधे की लाठी' का अर्थ - एकमात्र सहारा; 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ - भाग जाना।

रस के नौ भेद (श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, शांत) और अलंकार (अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, यमक, श्लेष)।

Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; identify by function in the sentence, not by word alone.

Tenses: present simple for habits, present continuous for ongoing actions, present perfect for completed actions with present relevance (has/have + V3).

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'Each, every, either, neither' take singular verbs; collective nouns may take singular or plural depending on context.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific/unique references.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle; 'The boy wrote a letter' → 'A letter was written by the boy'.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns and tense (present → past), remove quotation marks; 'He said, "I am busy"' → 'He said that he was busy'.

Common error traps: 'One of my friends is' (singular verb), 'The news is' (singular), 'He is senior to me' (not 'than').

Idioms: 'to let the cat out of the bag' (reveal a secret), 'once in a blue moon' (rarely), 'a piece of cake' (very easy), 'to beat around the bush' (avoid the main point).

Synonyms and antonyms: choose based on context; e.g., 'benevolent' = kind (synonym), antonym = cruel; 'obsolete' = outdated, antonym = modern.

Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary is conducted by the Rajasthan Staff Selection Board (RSMSSB/RSSB), Ajmer; the paper carries 150 questions for 300 marks with 2 marks per correct answer and negative marking of 1/3 mark per wrong answer.

Rajasthan's Lok Sabha seats: 25; Rajya Sabha seats: 10; total Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) seats: 200.

Rajasthan Day is celebrated on 30 March, marking the formation of the United State of Rajasthan in 1949; the first Chief Minister was Heera Lal Shastri.

Rajasthan's state animal is the chinkara, state bird is the Godawan (Great Indian Bustard), state tree is Khejri, state flower is Rohida.

National institutions in Rajasthan: Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur (bench at Jaipur), Rajasthan University at Jaipur, IIT at Jodhpur, IIM at Udaipur, AIIMS at Jodhpur.

Key current-affairs anchors: G20 Summit 2023 held in New Delhi under India's presidency; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023; Aditya-L1 launched September 2023.

Constitutional articles often asked: Article 14 (equality), 21 (life and personal liberty), 32 (writs), 44 (uniform civil code), 356 (President's rule), 370 (special status of J&K, abrogated 2019).

Rajasthan's neighbouring states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat; it shares an international border with Pakistan along its western side.

Major Rajput dynasties and capitals: Sisodia (Mewar, Chittorgarh/Udaipur), Rathore (Marwar, Jodhpur), Kachhwaha (Amber/Jaipur), Chauhan (Ajmer), Bhati (Jaisalmer), Shekhawat (Shekhawati).

Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh; Battle of Khanwa (1527) between Rana Sanga and Babur.

Folk deities: Pabuji (camel, Phalodi), Gogaji (snake god, Gogamedi), Tejaji (snakebite healer, Kharnal), Ramdevji (Krishna avatar, Ramdevra), Devnarayan.

Folk dances: Ghoomar (women, circular), Kalbeliya (snake charmers, UNESCO-recognised), Bhavai (balancing pots), Gair (men, Mewar), Chari, Terah Taali.

Painting schools: Kishangarh (Bani Thani, Nihal Chand), Bundi, Kota, Mewar, Marwar, Dhundhar, Hadoti; Bani Thani is called the 'Indian Mona Lisa'.

Geographic features: Aravalli Range (oldest fold mountains), Thar Desert (Marusthali), Mount Abu (Guru Shikhar, highest peak 1,722 m), Sambhar Lake (largest inland salt lake).

Rivers: Chambal (only perennial, from Janapav hills), Luni (only river of the Thar, from Naga hills near Ajmer), Banas (from Khamnor hills), Mahi, Sabarmati.

Polity/economy: Rajasthan has 33 districts (after 2023 carve-outs), 7 divisions, 200 Assembly seats; major industries include textiles, cement, zinc (Zawar), marble (Makrana), and tourism.

Average = Sum of values / Number of values; if a person's age is replaced, use the change in total to find the new value.

Percentage change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive change formula: a + b + ab/100.

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100; Compound Interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for 2 years, CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; Loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; discount is always calculated on marked price.

Speed = Distance / Time; for two trains moving in opposite directions, relative speed = sum of speeds; same direction = difference.

Time and work: if A does work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; for three-part mixtures use the alligation rule (Cheap–Mean)/(Mean–Dear).

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Probability = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes; for two dice, total outcomes = 36; for a coin tossed n times, total = 2ⁿ.

Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2 … Z=26; EJOTY mnemonic gives E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25 for quick reference.

Coding-decoding: check whether letters are shifted by a fixed number (+1, −2), reversed, or substituted; verify rule on at least two letters before applying.

Series rules: differences, alternate series, squares/cubes (1, 4, 9, 16…), primes, and products; check second-level differences if first fails.

Blood relations: draw a family tree using symbols; vertical = generations, horizontal = siblings/spouse; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: draw a compass; if a person turns right facing north, they face east; after three right turns, face south.

Seating arrangement: fix one person and arrange others clockwise/anticlockwise; for linear rows, note whether facing north or south reverses left/right.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram.

Odd one out: check letter positions, vowel/consonant pattern, prime/composite numbers, or perfect squares before rejecting an option.

Clock and calendar: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M|; odd days in a century = 5 (for 100 years); leap year rule: divisible by 4, century by 400.

Computer generations: 1st (vacuum tubes), 2nd (transistors), 3rd (integrated circuits), 4th (microprocessors), 5th (AI/ULSI).

Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > RAM > secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: .docx extension; MS Excel: .xlsx; PowerPoint: .pptx; Notepad: .txt; default image formats: .jpg, .png, .gif.

OS functions: process management, memory management, file system, device drivers; examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, UNIX, Android.

Internet terms: URL (Uniform Resource Locator), HTTP/HTTPS protocols, IP address, DNS (Domain Name System), ISP (Internet Service Provider).

MS Excel: formula begins with '='; SUM(), AVERAGE(), COUNT(), IF(), VLOOKUP() are common functions; cell reference A1 means column A, row 1.

Networking: LAN (local), WAN (wide), MAN (metropolitan); common devices: router, switch, hub, modem; Wi-Fi uses IEEE 802.11 standards.

वर्ण के भेद: स्वर (11) और व्यंजन (33); स्वर के भेद - ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत; व्यंजन के भेद - स्पर्श, अंतःस्थ, ऊष्म।

संधि के प्रकार: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण - विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, बहुव्रीहि, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, अव्ययीभाव; उदाहरण - नीलकमल = कर्मधारय।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़ता है (अनु + शासन = अनुशासन); प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

संज्ञा के भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक; सर्वनाम के भेद: पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, निश्चयवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक, संबंधवाचक।

काल के तीन भेद: वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के चार उपभेद (सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण, संदिग्ध)।

वाक्य शुद्धि और मुहावरे: 'अंधे की लाठी' का अर्थ - एकमात्र सहारा; 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ - भाग जाना।

रस के नौ भेद (श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, शांत) और अलंकार (अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, यमक, श्लेष)।

Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; identify by function in the sentence, not by word alone.

Tenses: present simple for habits, present continuous for ongoing actions, present perfect for completed actions with present relevance (has/have + V3).

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'Each, every, either, neither' take singular verbs; collective nouns may take singular or plural depending on context.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific/unique references.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle; 'The boy wrote a letter' → 'A letter was written by the boy'.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns and tense (present → past), remove quotation marks; 'He said, "I am busy"' → 'He said that he was busy'.

Common error traps: 'One of my friends is' (singular verb), 'The news is' (singular), 'He is senior to me' (not 'than').

Idioms: 'to let the cat out of the bag' (reveal a secret), 'once in a blue moon' (rarely), 'a piece of cake' (very easy), 'to beat around the bush' (avoid the main point).

Synonyms and antonyms: choose based on context; e.g., 'benevolent' = kind (synonym), antonym = cruel; 'obsolete' = outdated, antonym = modern.

Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary is conducted by the Rajasthan Staff Selection Board (RSMSSB/RSSB), Ajmer; the paper carries 150 questions for 300 marks with 2 marks per correct answer and negative marking of 1/3 mark per wrong answer.

Rajasthan's Lok Sabha seats: 25; Rajya Sabha seats: 10; total Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) seats: 200.

Rajasthan Day is celebrated on 30 March, marking the formation of the United State of Rajasthan in 1949; the first Chief Minister was Heera Lal Shastri.

Rajasthan's state animal is the chinkara, state bird is the Godawan (Great Indian Bustard), state tree is Khejri, state flower is Rohida.

National institutions in Rajasthan: Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur (bench at Jaipur), Rajasthan University at Jaipur, IIT at Jodhpur, IIM at Udaipur, AIIMS at Jodhpur.

Key current-affairs anchors: G20 Summit 2023 held in New Delhi under India's presidency; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023; Aditya-L1 launched September 2023.

Constitutional articles often asked: Article 14 (equality), 21 (life and personal liberty), 32 (writs), 44 (uniform civil code), 356 (President's rule), 370 (special status of J&K, abrogated 2019).

Rajasthan's neighbouring states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat; it shares an international border with Pakistan along its western side.

Major Rajput dynasties and capitals: Sisodia (Mewar, Chittorgarh/Udaipur), Rathore (Marwar, Jodhpur), Kachhwaha (Amber/Jaipur), Chauhan (Ajmer), Bhati (Jaisalmer), Shekhawat (Shekhawati).

Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh; Battle of Khanwa (1527) between Rana Sanga and Babur.

Folk deities: Pabuji (camel, Phalodi), Gogaji (snake god, Gogamedi), Tejaji (snakebite healer, Kharnal), Ramdevji (Krishna avatar, Ramdevra), Devnarayan.

Folk dances: Ghoomar (women, circular), Kalbeliya (snake charmers, UNESCO-recognised), Bhavai (balancing pots), Gair (men, Mewar), Chari, Terah Taali.

Painting schools: Kishangarh (Bani Thani, Nihal Chand), Bundi, Kota, Mewar, Marwar, Dhundhar, Hadoti; Bani Thani is called the 'Indian Mona Lisa'.

Geographic features: Aravalli Range (oldest fold mountains), Thar Desert (Marusthali), Mount Abu (Guru Shikhar, highest peak 1,722 m), Sambhar Lake (largest inland salt lake).

Rivers: Chambal (only perennial, from Janapav hills), Luni (only river of the Thar, from Naga hills near Ajmer), Banas (from Khamnor hills), Mahi, Sabarmati.

Polity/economy: Rajasthan has 33 districts (after 2023 carve-outs), 7 divisions, 200 Assembly seats; major industries include textiles, cement, zinc (Zawar), marble (Makrana), and tourism.

Average = Sum of values / Number of values; if a person's age is replaced, use the change in total to find the new value.

Percentage change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive change formula: a + b + ab/100.

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100; Compound Interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for 2 years, CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; Loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; discount is always calculated on marked price.

Speed = Distance / Time; for two trains moving in opposite directions, relative speed = sum of speeds; same direction = difference.

Time and work: if A does work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; for three-part mixtures use the alligation rule (Cheap–Mean)/(Mean–Dear).

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Probability = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes; for two dice, total outcomes = 36; for a coin tossed n times, total = 2ⁿ.

Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2 … Z=26; EJOTY mnemonic gives E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25 for quick reference.

Coding-decoding: check whether letters are shifted by a fixed number (+1, −2), reversed, or substituted; verify rule on at least two letters before applying.

Series rules: differences, alternate series, squares/cubes (1, 4, 9, 16…), primes, and products; check second-level differences if first fails.

Blood relations: draw a family tree using symbols; vertical = generations, horizontal = siblings/spouse; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: draw a compass; if a person turns right facing north, they face east; after three right turns, face south.

Seating arrangement: fix one person and arrange others clockwise/anticlockwise; for linear rows, note whether facing north or south reverses left/right.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram.

Odd one out: check letter positions, vowel/consonant pattern, prime/composite numbers, or perfect squares before rejecting an option.

Clock and calendar: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M|; odd days in a century = 5 (for 100 years); leap year rule: divisible by 4, century by 400.

Computer generations: 1st (vacuum tubes), 2nd (transistors), 3rd (integrated circuits), 4th (microprocessors), 5th (AI/ULSI).

Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > RAM > secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: .docx extension; MS Excel: .xlsx; PowerPoint: .pptx; Notepad: .txt; default image formats: .jpg, .png, .gif.

OS functions: process management, memory management, file system, device drivers; examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, UNIX, Android.

Internet terms: URL (Uniform Resource Locator), HTTP/HTTPS protocols, IP address, DNS (Domain Name System), ISP (Internet Service Provider).

MS Excel: formula begins with '='; SUM(), AVERAGE(), COUNT(), IF(), VLOOKUP() are common functions; cell reference A1 means column A, row 1.

Networking: LAN (local), WAN (wide), MAN (metropolitan); common devices: router, switch, hub, modem; Wi-Fi uses IEEE 802.11 standards.

वर्ण के भेद: स्वर (11) और व्यंजन (33); स्वर के भेद - ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत; व्यंजन के भेद - स्पर्श, अंतःस्थ, ऊष्म।

संधि के प्रकार: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण - विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, बहुव्रीहि, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, अव्ययीभाव; उदाहरण - नीलकमल = कर्मधारय।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़ता है (अनु + शासन = अनुशासन); प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

संज्ञा के भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक; सर्वनाम के भेद: पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, निश्चयवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक, संबंधवाचक।

काल के तीन भेद: वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के चार उपभेद (सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण, संदिग्ध)।

वाक्य शुद्धि और मुहावरे: 'अंधे की लाठी' का अर्थ - एकमात्र सहारा; 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ - भाग जाना।

रस के नौ भेद (श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, शांत) और अलंकार (अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, यमक, श्लेष)।

Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; identify by function in the sentence, not by word alone.

Tenses: present simple for habits, present continuous for ongoing actions, present perfect for completed actions with present relevance (has/have + V3).

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'Each, every, either, neither' take singular verbs; collective nouns may take singular or plural depending on context.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific/unique references.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle; 'The boy wrote a letter' → 'A letter was written by the boy'.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns and tense (present → past), remove quotation marks; 'He said, "I am busy"' → 'He said that he was busy'.

Common error traps: 'One of my friends is' (singular verb), 'The news is' (singular), 'He is senior to me' (not 'than').

Idioms: 'to let the cat out of the bag' (reveal a secret), 'once in a blue moon' (rarely), 'a piece of cake' (very easy), 'to beat around the bush' (avoid the main point).

Synonyms and antonyms: choose based on context; e.g., 'benevolent' = kind (synonym), antonym = cruel; 'obsolete' = outdated, antonym = modern.

Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary is conducted by the Rajasthan Staff Selection Board (RSMSSB/RSSB), Ajmer; the paper carries 150 questions for 300 marks with 2 marks per correct answer and negative marking of 1/3 mark per wrong answer.

Rajasthan's Lok Sabha seats: 25; Rajya Sabha seats: 10; total Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) seats: 200.

Rajasthan Day is celebrated on 30 March, marking the formation of the United State of Rajasthan in 1949; the first Chief Minister was Heera Lal Shastri.

Rajasthan's state animal is the chinkara, state bird is the Godawan (Great Indian Bustard), state tree is Khejri, state flower is Rohida.

National institutions in Rajasthan: Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur (bench at Jaipur), Rajasthan University at Jaipur, IIT at Jodhpur, IIM at Udaipur, AIIMS at Jodhpur.

Key current-affairs anchors: G20 Summit 2023 held in New Delhi under India's presidency; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023; Aditya-L1 launched September 2023.

Constitutional articles often asked: Article 14 (equality), 21 (life and personal liberty), 32 (writs), 44 (uniform civil code), 356 (President's rule), 370 (special status of J&K, abrogated 2019).

Rajasthan's neighbouring states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat; it shares an international border with Pakistan along its western side.

Major Rajput dynasties and capitals: Sisodia (Mewar, Chittorgarh/Udaipur), Rathore (Marwar, Jodhpur), Kachhwaha (Amber/Jaipur), Chauhan (Ajmer), Bhati (Jaisalmer), Shekhawat (Shekhawati).

Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh; Battle of Khanwa (1527) between Rana Sanga and Babur.

Folk deities: Pabuji (camel, Phalodi), Gogaji (snake god, Gogamedi), Tejaji (snakebite healer, Kharnal), Ramdevji (Krishna avatar, Ramdevra), Devnarayan.

Folk dances: Ghoomar (women, circular), Kalbeliya (snake charmers, UNESCO-recognised), Bhavai (balancing pots), Gair (men, Mewar), Chari, Terah Taali.

Painting schools: Kishangarh (Bani Thani, Nihal Chand), Bundi, Kota, Mewar, Marwar, Dhundhar, Hadoti; Bani Thani is called the 'Indian Mona Lisa'.

Geographic features: Aravalli Range (oldest fold mountains), Thar Desert (Marusthali), Mount Abu (Guru Shikhar, highest peak 1,722 m), Sambhar Lake (largest inland salt lake).

Rivers: Chambal (only perennial, from Janapav hills), Luni (only river of the Thar, from Naga hills near Ajmer), Banas (from Khamnor hills), Mahi, Sabarmati.

Polity/economy: Rajasthan has 33 districts (after 2023 carve-outs), 7 divisions, 200 Assembly seats; major industries include textiles, cement, zinc (Zawar), marble (Makrana), and tourism.

Average = Sum of values / Number of values; if a person's age is replaced, use the change in total to find the new value.

Percentage change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive change formula: a + b + ab/100.

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100; Compound Interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for 2 years, CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; Loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; discount is always calculated on marked price.

Speed = Distance / Time; for two trains moving in opposite directions, relative speed = sum of speeds; same direction = difference.

Time and work: if A does work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; for three-part mixtures use the alligation rule (Cheap–Mean)/(Mean–Dear).

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Probability = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes; for two dice, total outcomes = 36; for a coin tossed n times, total = 2ⁿ.

Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2 … Z=26; EJOTY mnemonic gives E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25 for quick reference.

Coding-decoding: check whether letters are shifted by a fixed number (+1, −2), reversed, or substituted; verify rule on at least two letters before applying.

Series rules: differences, alternate series, squares/cubes (1, 4, 9, 16…), primes, and products; check second-level differences if first fails.

Blood relations: draw a family tree using symbols; vertical = generations, horizontal = siblings/spouse; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: draw a compass; if a person turns right facing north, they face east; after three right turns, face south.

Seating arrangement: fix one person and arrange others clockwise/anticlockwise; for linear rows, note whether facing north or south reverses left/right.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram.

Odd one out: check letter positions, vowel/consonant pattern, prime/composite numbers, or perfect squares before rejecting an option.

Clock and calendar: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M|; odd days in a century = 5 (for 100 years); leap year rule: divisible by 4, century by 400.

Computer generations: 1st (vacuum tubes), 2nd (transistors), 3rd (integrated circuits), 4th (microprocessors), 5th (AI/ULSI).

Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > RAM > secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: .docx extension; MS Excel: .xlsx; PowerPoint: .pptx; Notepad: .txt; default image formats: .jpg, .png, .gif.

OS functions: process management, memory management, file system, device drivers; examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, UNIX, Android.

Internet terms: URL (Uniform Resource Locator), HTTP/HTTPS protocols, IP address, DNS (Domain Name System), ISP (Internet Service Provider).

MS Excel: formula begins with '='; SUM(), AVERAGE(), COUNT(), IF(), VLOOKUP() are common functions; cell reference A1 means column A, row 1.

Networking: LAN (local), WAN (wide), MAN (metropolitan); common devices: router, switch, hub, modem; Wi-Fi uses IEEE 802.11 standards.

वर्ण के भेद: स्वर (11) और व्यंजन (33); स्वर के भेद - ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत; व्यंजन के भेद - स्पर्श, अंतःस्थ, ऊष्म।

संधि के प्रकार: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण - विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, बहुव्रीहि, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, अव्ययीभाव; उदाहरण - नीलकमल = कर्मधारय।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़ता है (अनु + शासन = अनुशासन); प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

संज्ञा के भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक; सर्वनाम के भेद: पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, निश्चयवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक, संबंधवाचक।

काल के तीन भेद: वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के चार उपभेद (सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण, संदिग्ध)।

वाक्य शुद्धि और मुहावरे: 'अंधे की लाठी' का अर्थ - एकमात्र सहारा; 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ - भाग जाना।

रस के नौ भेद (श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, शांत) और अलंकार (अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, यमक, श्लेष)।

Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; identify by function in the sentence, not by word alone.

Tenses: present simple for habits, present continuous for ongoing actions, present perfect for completed actions with present relevance (has/have + V3).

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'Each, every, either, neither' take singular verbs; collective nouns may take singular or plural depending on context.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific/unique references.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle; 'The boy wrote a letter' → 'A letter was written by the boy'.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns and tense (present → past), remove quotation marks; 'He said, "I am busy"' → 'He said that he was busy'.

Common error traps: 'One of my friends is' (singular verb), 'The news is' (singular), 'He is senior to me' (not 'than').

Idioms: 'to let the cat out of the bag' (reveal a secret), 'once in a blue moon' (rarely), 'a piece of cake' (very easy), 'to beat around the bush' (avoid the main point).

Synonyms and antonyms: choose based on context; e.g., 'benevolent' = kind (synonym), antonym = cruel; 'obsolete' = outdated, antonym = modern.

Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary is conducted by the Rajasthan Staff Selection Board (RSMSSB/RSSB), Ajmer; the paper carries 150 questions for 300 marks with 2 marks per correct answer and negative marking of 1/3 mark per wrong answer.

Rajasthan's Lok Sabha seats: 25; Rajya Sabha seats: 10; total Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) seats: 200.

Rajasthan Day is celebrated on 30 March, marking the formation of the United State of Rajasthan in 1949; the first Chief Minister was Heera Lal Shastri.

Rajasthan's state animal is the chinkara, state bird is the Godawan (Great Indian Bustard), state tree is Khejri, state flower is Rohida.

National institutions in Rajasthan: Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur (bench at Jaipur), Rajasthan University at Jaipur, IIT at Jodhpur, IIM at Udaipur, AIIMS at Jodhpur.

Key current-affairs anchors: G20 Summit 2023 held in New Delhi under India's presidency; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023; Aditya-L1 launched September 2023.

Constitutional articles often asked: Article 14 (equality), 21 (life and personal liberty), 32 (writs), 44 (uniform civil code), 356 (President's rule), 370 (special status of J&K, abrogated 2019).

Rajasthan's neighbouring states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat; it shares an international border with Pakistan along its western side.

Major Rajput dynasties and capitals: Sisodia (Mewar, Chittorgarh/Udaipur), Rathore (Marwar, Jodhpur), Kachhwaha (Amber/Jaipur), Chauhan (Ajmer), Bhati (Jaisalmer), Shekhawat (Shekhawati).

Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh; Battle of Khanwa (1527) between Rana Sanga and Babur.

Folk deities: Pabuji (camel, Phalodi), Gogaji (snake god, Gogamedi), Tejaji (snakebite healer, Kharnal), Ramdevji (Krishna avatar, Ramdevra), Devnarayan.

Folk dances: Ghoomar (women, circular), Kalbeliya (snake charmers, UNESCO-recognised), Bhavai (balancing pots), Gair (men, Mewar), Chari, Terah Taali.

Painting schools: Kishangarh (Bani Thani, Nihal Chand), Bundi, Kota, Mewar, Marwar, Dhundhar, Hadoti; Bani Thani is called the 'Indian Mona Lisa'.

Geographic features: Aravalli Range (oldest fold mountains), Thar Desert (Marusthali), Mount Abu (Guru Shikhar, highest peak 1,722 m), Sambhar Lake (largest inland salt lake).

Rivers: Chambal (only perennial, from Janapav hills), Luni (only river of the Thar, from Naga hills near Ajmer), Banas (from Khamnor hills), Mahi, Sabarmati.

Polity/economy: Rajasthan has 33 districts (after 2023 carve-outs), 7 divisions, 200 Assembly seats; major industries include textiles, cement, zinc (Zawar), marble (Makrana), and tourism.

Average = Sum of values / Number of values; if a person's age is replaced, use the change in total to find the new value.

Percentage change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive change formula: a + b + ab/100.

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100; Compound Interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for 2 years, CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; Loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; discount is always calculated on marked price.

Speed = Distance / Time; for two trains moving in opposite directions, relative speed = sum of speeds; same direction = difference.

Time and work: if A does work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; for three-part mixtures use the alligation rule (Cheap–Mean)/(Mean–Dear).

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Probability = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes; for two dice, total outcomes = 36; for a coin tossed n times, total = 2ⁿ.

Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2 … Z=26; EJOTY mnemonic gives E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25 for quick reference.

Coding-decoding: check whether letters are shifted by a fixed number (+1, −2), reversed, or substituted; verify rule on at least two letters before applying.

Series rules: differences, alternate series, squares/cubes (1, 4, 9, 16…), primes, and products; check second-level differences if first fails.

Blood relations: draw a family tree using symbols; vertical = generations, horizontal = siblings/spouse; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: draw a compass; if a person turns right facing north, they face east; after three right turns, face south.

Seating arrangement: fix one person and arrange others clockwise/anticlockwise; for linear rows, note whether facing north or south reverses left/right.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram.

Odd one out: check letter positions, vowel/consonant pattern, prime/composite numbers, or perfect squares before rejecting an option.

Clock and calendar: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M|; odd days in a century = 5 (for 100 years); leap year rule: divisible by 4, century by 400.

Computer generations: 1st (vacuum tubes), 2nd (transistors), 3rd (integrated circuits), 4th (microprocessors), 5th (AI/ULSI).

Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > RAM > secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: .docx extension; MS Excel: .xlsx; PowerPoint: .pptx; Notepad: .txt; default image formats: .jpg, .png, .gif.

OS functions: process management, memory management, file system, device drivers; examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, UNIX, Android.

Internet terms: URL (Uniform Resource Locator), HTTP/HTTPS protocols, IP address, DNS (Domain Name System), ISP (Internet Service Provider).

MS Excel: formula begins with '='; SUM(), AVERAGE(), COUNT(), IF(), VLOOKUP() are common functions; cell reference A1 means column A, row 1.

Networking: LAN (local), WAN (wide), MAN (metropolitan); common devices: router, switch, hub, modem; Wi-Fi uses IEEE 802.11 standards.

वर्ण के भेद: स्वर (11) और व्यंजन (33); स्वर के भेद - ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत; व्यंजन के भेद - स्पर्श, अंतःस्थ, ऊष्म।

संधि के प्रकार: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण - विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, बहुव्रीहि, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, अव्ययीभाव; उदाहरण - नीलकमल = कर्मधारय।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़ता है (अनु + शासन = अनुशासन); प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

संज्ञा के भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक; सर्वनाम के भेद: पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, निश्चयवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक, संबंधवाचक।

काल के तीन भेद: वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के चार उपभेद (सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण, संदिग्ध)।

वाक्य शुद्धि और मुहावरे: 'अंधे की लाठी' का अर्थ - एकमात्र सहारा; 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ - भाग जाना।

रस के नौ भेद (श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, शांत) और अलंकार (अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, यमक, श्लेष)।

Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; identify by function in the sentence, not by word alone.

Tenses: present simple for habits, present continuous for ongoing actions, present perfect for completed actions with present relevance (has/have + V3).

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'Each, every, either, neither' take singular verbs; collective nouns may take singular or plural depending on context.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific/unique references.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle; 'The boy wrote a letter' → 'A letter was written by the boy'.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns and tense (present → past), remove quotation marks; 'He said, "I am busy"' → 'He said that he was busy'.

Common error traps: 'One of my friends is' (singular verb), 'The news is' (singular), 'He is senior to me' (not 'than').

Idioms: 'to let the cat out of the bag' (reveal a secret), 'once in a blue moon' (rarely), 'a piece of cake' (very easy), 'to beat around the bush' (avoid the main point).

Synonyms and antonyms: choose based on context; e.g., 'benevolent' = kind (synonym), antonym = cruel; 'obsolete' = outdated, antonym = modern.

Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary is conducted by the Rajasthan Staff Selection Board (RSMSSB/RSSB), Ajmer; the paper carries 150 questions for 300 marks with 2 marks per correct answer and negative marking of 1/3 mark per wrong answer.

Rajasthan's Lok Sabha seats: 25; Rajya Sabha seats: 10; total Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) seats: 200.

Rajasthan Day is celebrated on 30 March, marking the formation of the United State of Rajasthan in 1949; the first Chief Minister was Heera Lal Shastri.

Rajasthan's state animal is the chinkara, state bird is the Godawan (Great Indian Bustard), state tree is Khejri, state flower is Rohida.

National institutions in Rajasthan: Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur (bench at Jaipur), Rajasthan University at Jaipur, IIT at Jodhpur, IIM at Udaipur, AIIMS at Jodhpur.

Key current-affairs anchors: G20 Summit 2023 held in New Delhi under India's presidency; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023; Aditya-L1 launched September 2023.

Constitutional articles often asked: Article 14 (equality), 21 (life and personal liberty), 32 (writs), 44 (uniform civil code), 356 (President's rule), 370 (special status of J&K, abrogated 2019).

Rajasthan's neighbouring states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat; it shares an international border with Pakistan along its western side.

Major Rajput dynasties and capitals: Sisodia (Mewar, Chittorgarh/Udaipur), Rathore (Marwar, Jodhpur), Kachhwaha (Amber/Jaipur), Chauhan (Ajmer), Bhati (Jaisalmer), Shekhawat (Shekhawati).

Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh; Battle of Khanwa (1527) between Rana Sanga and Babur.

Folk deities: Pabuji (camel, Phalodi), Gogaji (snake god, Gogamedi), Tejaji (snakebite healer, Kharnal), Ramdevji (Krishna avatar, Ramdevra), Devnarayan.

Folk dances: Ghoomar (women, circular), Kalbeliya (snake charmers, UNESCO-recognised), Bhavai (balancing pots), Gair (men, Mewar), Chari, Terah Taali.

Painting schools: Kishangarh (Bani Thani, Nihal Chand), Bundi, Kota, Mewar, Marwar, Dhundhar, Hadoti; Bani Thani is called the 'Indian Mona Lisa'.

Geographic features: Aravalli Range (oldest fold mountains), Thar Desert (Marusthali), Mount Abu (Guru Shikhar, highest peak 1,722 m), Sambhar Lake (largest inland salt lake).

Rivers: Chambal (only perennial, from Janapav hills), Luni (only river of the Thar, from Naga hills near Ajmer), Banas (from Khamnor hills), Mahi, Sabarmati.

Polity/economy: Rajasthan has 33 districts (after 2023 carve-outs), 7 divisions, 200 Assembly seats; major industries include textiles, cement, zinc (Zawar), marble (Makrana), and tourism.

Average = Sum of values / Number of values; if a person's age is replaced, use the change in total to find the new value.

Percentage change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive change formula: a + b + ab/100.

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100; Compound Interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for 2 years, CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; Loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; discount is always calculated on marked price.

Speed = Distance / Time; for two trains moving in opposite directions, relative speed = sum of speeds; same direction = difference.

Time and work: if A does work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; for three-part mixtures use the alligation rule (Cheap–Mean)/(Mean–Dear).

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Probability = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes; for two dice, total outcomes = 36; for a coin tossed n times, total = 2ⁿ.

Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2 … Z=26; EJOTY mnemonic gives E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25 for quick reference.

Coding-decoding: check whether letters are shifted by a fixed number (+1, −2), reversed, or substituted; verify rule on at least two letters before applying.

Series rules: differences, alternate series, squares/cubes (1, 4, 9, 16…), primes, and products; check second-level differences if first fails.

Blood relations: draw a family tree using symbols; vertical = generations, horizontal = siblings/spouse; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: draw a compass; if a person turns right facing north, they face east; after three right turns, face south.

Seating arrangement: fix one person and arrange others clockwise/anticlockwise; for linear rows, note whether facing north or south reverses left/right.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram.

Odd one out: check letter positions, vowel/consonant pattern, prime/composite numbers, or perfect squares before rejecting an option.

Clock and calendar: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M|; odd days in a century = 5 (for 100 years); leap year rule: divisible by 4, century by 400.

Computer generations: 1st (vacuum tubes), 2nd (transistors), 3rd (integrated circuits), 4th (microprocessors), 5th (AI/ULSI).

Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > RAM > secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: .docx extension; MS Excel: .xlsx; PowerPoint: .pptx; Notepad: .txt; default image formats: .jpg, .png, .gif.

OS functions: process management, memory management, file system, device drivers; examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, UNIX, Android.

Internet terms: URL (Uniform Resource Locator), HTTP/HTTPS protocols, IP address, DNS (Domain Name System), ISP (Internet Service Provider).

MS Excel: formula begins with '='; SUM(), AVERAGE(), COUNT(), IF(), VLOOKUP() are common functions; cell reference A1 means column A, row 1.

Networking: LAN (local), WAN (wide), MAN (metropolitan); common devices: router, switch, hub, modem; Wi-Fi uses IEEE 802.11 standards.

वर्ण के भेद: स्वर (11) और व्यंजन (33); स्वर के भेद - ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत; व्यंजन के भेद - स्पर्श, अंतःस्थ, ऊष्म।

संधि के प्रकार: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण - विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, बहुव्रीहि, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, अव्ययीभाव; उदाहरण - नीलकमल = कर्मधारय।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़ता है (अनु + शासन = अनुशासन); प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

संज्ञा के भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक; सर्वनाम के भेद: पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, निश्चयवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक, संबंधवाचक।

काल के तीन भेद: वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के चार उपभेद (सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण, संदिग्ध)।

वाक्य शुद्धि और मुहावरे: 'अंधे की लाठी' का अर्थ - एकमात्र सहारा; 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ - भाग जाना।

रस के नौ भेद (श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, शांत) और अलंकार (अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, यमक, श्लेष)।

Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; identify by function in the sentence, not by word alone.

Tenses: present simple for habits, present continuous for ongoing actions, present perfect for completed actions with present relevance (has/have + V3).

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'Each, every, either, neither' take singular verbs; collective nouns may take singular or plural depending on context.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific/unique references.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle; 'The boy wrote a letter' → 'A letter was written by the boy'.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns and tense (present → past), remove quotation marks; 'He said, "I am busy"' → 'He said that he was busy'.

Common error traps: 'One of my friends is' (singular verb), 'The news is' (singular), 'He is senior to me' (not 'than').

Idioms: 'to let the cat out of the bag' (reveal a secret), 'once in a blue moon' (rarely), 'a piece of cake' (very easy), 'to beat around the bush' (avoid the main point).

Synonyms and antonyms: choose based on context; e.g., 'benevolent' = kind (synonym), antonym = cruel; 'obsolete' = outdated, antonym = modern.

Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary is conducted by the Rajasthan Staff Selection Board (RSMSSB/RSSB), Ajmer; the paper carries 150 questions for 300 marks with 2 marks per correct answer and negative marking of 1/3 mark per wrong answer.

Rajasthan's Lok Sabha seats: 25; Rajya Sabha seats: 10; total Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) seats: 200.

Rajasthan Day is celebrated on 30 March, marking the formation of the United State of Rajasthan in 1949; the first Chief Minister was Heera Lal Shastri.

Rajasthan's state animal is the chinkara, state bird is the Godawan (Great Indian Bustard), state tree is Khejri, state flower is Rohida.

National institutions in Rajasthan: Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur (bench at Jaipur), Rajasthan University at Jaipur, IIT at Jodhpur, IIM at Udaipur, AIIMS at Jodhpur.

Key current-affairs anchors: G20 Summit 2023 held in New Delhi under India's presidency; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023; Aditya-L1 launched September 2023.

Constitutional articles often asked: Article 14 (equality), 21 (life and personal liberty), 32 (writs), 44 (uniform civil code), 356 (President's rule), 370 (special status of J&K, abrogated 2019).

Rajasthan's neighbouring states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat; it shares an international border with Pakistan along its western side.

Major Rajput dynasties and capitals: Sisodia (Mewar, Chittorgarh/Udaipur), Rathore (Marwar, Jodhpur), Kachhwaha (Amber/Jaipur), Chauhan (Ajmer), Bhati (Jaisalmer), Shekhawat (Shekhawati).

Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh; Battle of Khanwa (1527) between Rana Sanga and Babur.

Folk deities: Pabuji (camel, Phalodi), Gogaji (snake god, Gogamedi), Tejaji (snakebite healer, Kharnal), Ramdevji (Krishna avatar, Ramdevra), Devnarayan.

Folk dances: Ghoomar (women, circular), Kalbeliya (snake charmers, UNESCO-recognised), Bhavai (balancing pots), Gair (men, Mewar), Chari, Terah Taali.

Painting schools: Kishangarh (Bani Thani, Nihal Chand), Bundi, Kota, Mewar, Marwar, Dhundhar, Hadoti; Bani Thani is called the 'Indian Mona Lisa'.

Geographic features: Aravalli Range (oldest fold mountains), Thar Desert (Marusthali), Mount Abu (Guru Shikhar, highest peak 1,722 m), Sambhar Lake (largest inland salt lake).

Rivers: Chambal (only perennial, from Janapav hills), Luni (only river of the Thar, from Naga hills near Ajmer), Banas (from Khamnor hills), Mahi, Sabarmati.

Polity/economy: Rajasthan has 33 districts (after 2023 carve-outs), 7 divisions, 200 Assembly seats; major industries include textiles, cement, zinc (Zawar), marble (Makrana), and tourism.

Average = Sum of values / Number of values; if a person's age is replaced, use the change in total to find the new value.

Percentage change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive change formula: a + b + ab/100.

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100; Compound Interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for 2 years, CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; Loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; discount is always calculated on marked price.

Speed = Distance / Time; for two trains moving in opposite directions, relative speed = sum of speeds; same direction = difference.

Time and work: if A does work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; for three-part mixtures use the alligation rule (Cheap–Mean)/(Mean–Dear).

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Probability = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes; for two dice, total outcomes = 36; for a coin tossed n times, total = 2ⁿ.

Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2 … Z=26; EJOTY mnemonic gives E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25 for quick reference.

Coding-decoding: check whether letters are shifted by a fixed number (+1, −2), reversed, or substituted; verify rule on at least two letters before applying.

Series rules: differences, alternate series, squares/cubes (1, 4, 9, 16…), primes, and products; check second-level differences if first fails.

Blood relations: draw a family tree using symbols; vertical = generations, horizontal = siblings/spouse; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: draw a compass; if a person turns right facing north, they face east; after three right turns, face south.

Seating arrangement: fix one person and arrange others clockwise/anticlockwise; for linear rows, note whether facing north or south reverses left/right.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram.

Odd one out: check letter positions, vowel/consonant pattern, prime/composite numbers, or perfect squares before rejecting an option.

Clock and calendar: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M|; odd days in a century = 5 (for 100 years); leap year rule: divisible by 4, century by 400.

Computer generations: 1st (vacuum tubes), 2nd (transistors), 3rd (integrated circuits), 4th (microprocessors), 5th (AI/ULSI).

Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > RAM > secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: .docx extension; MS Excel: .xlsx; PowerPoint: .pptx; Notepad: .txt; default image formats: .jpg, .png, .gif.

OS functions: process management, memory management, file system, device drivers; examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, UNIX, Android.

Internet terms: URL (Uniform Resource Locator), HTTP/HTTPS protocols, IP address, DNS (Domain Name System), ISP (Internet Service Provider).

MS Excel: formula begins with '='; SUM(), AVERAGE(), COUNT(), IF(), VLOOKUP() are common functions; cell reference A1 means column A, row 1.

Networking: LAN (local), WAN (wide), MAN (metropolitan); common devices: router, switch, hub, modem; Wi-Fi uses IEEE 802.11 standards.

वर्ण के भेद: स्वर (11) और व्यंजन (33); स्वर के भेद - ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत; व्यंजन के भेद - स्पर्श, अंतःस्थ, ऊष्म।

संधि के प्रकार: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण - विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, बहुव्रीहि, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, अव्ययीभाव; उदाहरण - नीलकमल = कर्मधारय।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़ता है (अनु + शासन = अनुशासन); प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

संज्ञा के भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक; सर्वनाम के भेद: पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, निश्चयवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक, संबंधवाचक।

काल के तीन भेद: वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के चार उपभेद (सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण, संदिग्ध)।

वाक्य शुद्धि और मुहावरे: 'अंधे की लाठी' का अर्थ - एकमात्र सहारा; 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ - भाग जाना।

रस के नौ भेद (श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, शांत) और अलंकार (अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, यमक, श्लेष)।

Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; identify by function in the sentence, not by word alone.

Tenses: present simple for habits, present continuous for ongoing actions, present perfect for completed actions with present relevance (has/have + V3).

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'Each, every, either, neither' take singular verbs; collective nouns may take singular or plural depending on context.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific/unique references.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle; 'The boy wrote a letter' → 'A letter was written by the boy'.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns and tense (present → past), remove quotation marks; 'He said, "I am busy"' → 'He said that he was busy'.

Common error traps: 'One of my friends is' (singular verb), 'The news is' (singular), 'He is senior to me' (not 'than').

Idioms: 'to let the cat out of the bag' (reveal a secret), 'once in a blue moon' (rarely), 'a piece of cake' (very easy), 'to beat around the bush' (avoid the main point).

Synonyms and antonyms: choose based on context; e.g., 'benevolent' = kind (synonym), antonym = cruel; 'obsolete' = outdated, antonym = modern.

Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary is conducted by the Rajasthan Staff Selection Board (RSMSSB/RSSB), Ajmer; the paper carries 150 questions for 300 marks with 2 marks per correct answer and negative marking of 1/3 mark per wrong answer.

Rajasthan's Lok Sabha seats: 25; Rajya Sabha seats: 10; total Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) seats: 200.

Rajasthan Day is celebrated on 30 March, marking the formation of the United State of Rajasthan in 1949; the first Chief Minister was Heera Lal Shastri.

Rajasthan's state animal is the chinkara, state bird is the Godawan (Great Indian Bustard), state tree is Khejri, state flower is Rohida.

National institutions in Rajasthan: Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur (bench at Jaipur), Rajasthan University at Jaipur, IIT at Jodhpur, IIM at Udaipur, AIIMS at Jodhpur.

Key current-affairs anchors: G20 Summit 2023 held in New Delhi under India's presidency; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023; Aditya-L1 launched September 2023.

Constitutional articles often asked: Article 14 (equality), 21 (life and personal liberty), 32 (writs), 44 (uniform civil code), 356 (President's rule), 370 (special status of J&K, abrogated 2019).

Rajasthan's neighbouring states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat; it shares an international border with Pakistan along its western side.

Major Rajput dynasties and capitals: Sisodia (Mewar, Chittorgarh/Udaipur), Rathore (Marwar, Jodhpur), Kachhwaha (Amber/Jaipur), Chauhan (Ajmer), Bhati (Jaisalmer), Shekhawat (Shekhawati).

Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh; Battle of Khanwa (1527) between Rana Sanga and Babur.

Folk deities: Pabuji (camel, Phalodi), Gogaji (snake god, Gogamedi), Tejaji (snakebite healer, Kharnal), Ramdevji (Krishna avatar, Ramdevra), Devnarayan.

Folk dances: Ghoomar (women, circular), Kalbeliya (snake charmers, UNESCO-recognised), Bhavai (balancing pots), Gair (men, Mewar), Chari, Terah Taali.

Painting schools: Kishangarh (Bani Thani, Nihal Chand), Bundi, Kota, Mewar, Marwar, Dhundhar, Hadoti; Bani Thani is called the 'Indian Mona Lisa'.

Geographic features: Aravalli Range (oldest fold mountains), Thar Desert (Marusthali), Mount Abu (Guru Shikhar, highest peak 1,722 m), Sambhar Lake (largest inland salt lake).

Rivers: Chambal (only perennial, from Janapav hills), Luni (only river of the Thar, from Naga hills near Ajmer), Banas (from Khamnor hills), Mahi, Sabarmati.

Polity/economy: Rajasthan has 33 districts (after 2023 carve-outs), 7 divisions, 200 Assembly seats; major industries include textiles, cement, zinc (Zawar), marble (Makrana), and tourism.

Average = Sum of values / Number of values; if a person's age is replaced, use the change in total to find the new value.

Percentage change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive change formula: a + b + ab/100.

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100; Compound Interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for 2 years, CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; Loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; discount is always calculated on marked price.

Speed = Distance / Time; for two trains moving in opposite directions, relative speed = sum of speeds; same direction = difference.

Time and work: if A does work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; for three-part mixtures use the alligation rule (Cheap–Mean)/(Mean–Dear).

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Probability = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes; for two dice, total outcomes = 36; for a coin tossed n times, total = 2ⁿ.

Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2 … Z=26; EJOTY mnemonic gives E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25 for quick reference.

Coding-decoding: check whether letters are shifted by a fixed number (+1, −2), reversed, or substituted; verify rule on at least two letters before applying.

Series rules: differences, alternate series, squares/cubes (1, 4, 9, 16…), primes, and products; check second-level differences if first fails.

Blood relations: draw a family tree using symbols; vertical = generations, horizontal = siblings/spouse; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: draw a compass; if a person turns right facing north, they face east; after three right turns, face south.

Seating arrangement: fix one person and arrange others clockwise/anticlockwise; for linear rows, note whether facing north or south reverses left/right.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram.

Odd one out: check letter positions, vowel/consonant pattern, prime/composite numbers, or perfect squares before rejecting an option.

Clock and calendar: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M|; odd days in a century = 5 (for 100 years); leap year rule: divisible by 4, century by 400.

Computer generations: 1st (vacuum tubes), 2nd (transistors), 3rd (integrated circuits), 4th (microprocessors), 5th (AI/ULSI).

Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > RAM > secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: .docx extension; MS Excel: .xlsx; PowerPoint: .pptx; Notepad: .txt; default image formats: .jpg, .png, .gif.

OS functions: process management, memory management, file system, device drivers; examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, UNIX, Android.

Internet terms: URL (Uniform Resource Locator), HTTP/HTTPS protocols, IP address, DNS (Domain Name System), ISP (Internet Service Provider).

MS Excel: formula begins with '='; SUM(), AVERAGE(), COUNT(), IF(), VLOOKUP() are common functions; cell reference A1 means column A, row 1.

Networking: LAN (local), WAN (wide), MAN (metropolitan); common devices: router, switch, hub, modem; Wi-Fi uses IEEE 802.11 standards.

वर्ण के भेद: स्वर (11) और व्यंजन (33); स्वर के भेद - ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत; व्यंजन के भेद - स्पर्श, अंतःस्थ, ऊष्म।

संधि के प्रकार: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण - विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, बहुव्रीहि, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, अव्ययीभाव; उदाहरण - नीलकमल = कर्मधारय।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़ता है (अनु + शासन = अनुशासन); प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

संज्ञा के भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक; सर्वनाम के भेद: पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, निश्चयवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक, संबंधवाचक।

काल के तीन भेद: वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के चार उपभेद (सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण, संदिग्ध)।

वाक्य शुद्धि और मुहावरे: 'अंधे की लाठी' का अर्थ - एकमात्र सहारा; 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ - भाग जाना।

रस के नौ भेद (श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, शांत) और अलंकार (अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, यमक, श्लेष)।

Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; identify by function in the sentence, not by word alone.

Tenses: present simple for habits, present continuous for ongoing actions, present perfect for completed actions with present relevance (has/have + V3).

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'Each, every, either, neither' take singular verbs; collective nouns may take singular or plural depending on context.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific/unique references.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle; 'The boy wrote a letter' → 'A letter was written by the boy'.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns and tense (present → past), remove quotation marks; 'He said, "I am busy"' → 'He said that he was busy'.

Common error traps: 'One of my friends is' (singular verb), 'The news is' (singular), 'He is senior to me' (not 'than').

Idioms: 'to let the cat out of the bag' (reveal a secret), 'once in a blue moon' (rarely), 'a piece of cake' (very easy), 'to beat around the bush' (avoid the main point).

Synonyms and antonyms: choose based on context; e.g., 'benevolent' = kind (synonym), antonym = cruel; 'obsolete' = outdated, antonym = modern.

Rajasthan CET Senior Secondary is conducted by the Rajasthan Staff Selection Board (RSMSSB/RSSB), Ajmer; the paper carries 150 questions for 300 marks with 2 marks per correct answer and negative marking of 1/3 mark per wrong answer.

Rajasthan's Lok Sabha seats: 25; Rajya Sabha seats: 10; total Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) seats: 200.

Rajasthan Day is celebrated on 30 March, marking the formation of the United State of Rajasthan in 1949; the first Chief Minister was Heera Lal Shastri.

Rajasthan's state animal is the chinkara, state bird is the Godawan (Great Indian Bustard), state tree is Khejri, state flower is Rohida.

National institutions in Rajasthan: Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur (bench at Jaipur), Rajasthan University at Jaipur, IIT at Jodhpur, IIM at Udaipur, AIIMS at Jodhpur.

Key current-affairs anchors: G20 Summit 2023 held in New Delhi under India's presidency; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023; Aditya-L1 launched September 2023.

Constitutional articles often asked: Article 14 (equality), 21 (life and personal liberty), 32 (writs), 44 (uniform civil code), 356 (President's rule), 370 (special status of J&K, abrogated 2019).

Rajasthan's neighbouring states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat; it shares an international border with Pakistan along its western side.

Major Rajput dynasties and capitals: Sisodia (Mewar, Chittorgarh/Udaipur), Rathore (Marwar, Jodhpur), Kachhwaha (Amber/Jaipur), Chauhan (Ajmer), Bhati (Jaisalmer), Shekhawat (Shekhawati).

Battle of Haldighati (1576) was fought between Maharana Pratap and Akbar's forces led by Man Singh; Battle of Khanwa (1527) between Rana Sanga and Babur.

Folk deities: Pabuji (camel, Phalodi), Gogaji (snake god, Gogamedi), Tejaji (snakebite healer, Kharnal), Ramdevji (Krishna avatar, Ramdevra), Devnarayan.

Folk dances: Ghoomar (women, circular), Kalbeliya (snake charmers, UNESCO-recognised), Bhavai (balancing pots), Gair (men, Mewar), Chari, Terah Taali.

Painting schools: Kishangarh (Bani Thani, Nihal Chand), Bundi, Kota, Mewar, Marwar, Dhundhar, Hadoti; Bani Thani is called the 'Indian Mona Lisa'.

Geographic features: Aravalli Range (oldest fold mountains), Thar Desert (Marusthali), Mount Abu (Guru Shikhar, highest peak 1,722 m), Sambhar Lake (largest inland salt lake).

Rivers: Chambal (only perennial, from Janapav hills), Luni (only river of the Thar, from Naga hills near Ajmer), Banas (from Khamnor hills), Mahi, Sabarmati.

Polity/economy: Rajasthan has 33 districts (after 2023 carve-outs), 7 divisions, 200 Assembly seats; major industries include textiles, cement, zinc (Zawar), marble (Makrana), and tourism.

Average = Sum of values / Number of values; if a person's age is replaced, use the change in total to find the new value.

Percentage change = (New − Old)/Old × 100; successive change formula: a + b + ab/100.

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100; Compound Interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; for 2 years, CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; Loss% = (CP − SP)/CP × 100; discount is always calculated on marked price.

Speed = Distance / Time; for two trains moving in opposite directions, relative speed = sum of speeds; same direction = difference.

Time and work: if A does work in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; for three-part mixtures use the alligation rule (Cheap–Mean)/(Mean–Dear).

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Probability = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes; for two dice, total outcomes = 36; for a coin tossed n times, total = 2ⁿ.

Alphabet positions: A=1, B=2 … Z=26; EJOTY mnemonic gives E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25 for quick reference.

Coding-decoding: check whether letters are shifted by a fixed number (+1, −2), reversed, or substituted; verify rule on at least two letters before applying.

Series rules: differences, alternate series, squares/cubes (1, 4, 9, 16…), primes, and products; check second-level differences if first fails.

Blood relations: draw a family tree using symbols; vertical = generations, horizontal = siblings/spouse; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: draw a compass; if a person turns right facing north, they face east; after three right turns, face south.

Seating arrangement: fix one person and arrange others clockwise/anticlockwise; for linear rows, note whether facing north or south reverses left/right.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; conclusions must hold in every possible diagram.

Odd one out: check letter positions, vowel/consonant pattern, prime/composite numbers, or perfect squares before rejecting an option.

Clock and calendar: angle between hands = |30H − 5.5M|; odd days in a century = 5 (for 100 years); leap year rule: divisible by 4, century by 400.

Computer generations: 1st (vacuum tubes), 2nd (transistors), 3rd (integrated circuits), 4th (microprocessors), 5th (AI/ULSI).

Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > RAM > secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: .docx extension; MS Excel: .xlsx; PowerPoint: .pptx; Notepad: .txt; default image formats: .jpg, .png, .gif.

OS functions: process management, memory management, file system, device drivers; examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, UNIX, Android.

Internet terms: URL (Uniform Resource Locator), HTTP/HTTPS protocols, IP address, DNS (Domain Name System), ISP (Internet Service Provider).

MS Excel: formula begins with '='; SUM(), AVERAGE(), COUNT(), IF(), VLOOKUP() are common functions; cell reference A1 means column A, row 1.

Networking: LAN (local), WAN (wide), MAN (metropolitan); common devices: router, switch, hub, modem; Wi-Fi uses IEEE 802.11 standards.

वर्ण के भेद: स्वर (11) और व्यंजन (33); स्वर के भेद - ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत; व्यंजन के भेद - स्पर्श, अंतःस्थ, ऊष्म।

संधि के प्रकार: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण - विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, बहुव्रीहि, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, अव्ययीभाव; उदाहरण - नीलकमल = कर्मधारय।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़ता है (अनु + शासन = अनुशासन); प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

संज्ञा के भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक; सर्वनाम के भेद: पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, निश्चयवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक, संबंधवाचक।

काल के तीन भेद: वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के चार उपभेद (सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण, संदिग्ध)।

वाक्य शुद्धि और मुहावरे: 'अंधे की लाठी' का अर्थ - एकमात्र सहारा; 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ - भाग जाना।

रस के नौ भेद (श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, शांत) और अलंकार (अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, यमक, श्लेष)।

Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; identify by function in the sentence, not by word alone.

Tenses: present simple for habits, present continuous for ongoing actions, present perfect for completed actions with present relevance (has/have + V3).

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'Each, every, either, neither' take singular verbs; collective nouns may take singular or plural depending on context.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific/unique references.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle; 'The boy wrote a letter' → 'A letter was written by the boy'.

Direct to indirect speech: change pronouns and tense (present → past), remove quotation marks; 'He said, "I am busy"' → 'He said that he was busy'.

Common error traps: 'One of my friends is' (singular verb), 'The news is' (singular), 'He is senior to me' (not 'than').

Idioms: 'to let the cat out of the bag' (reveal a secret), 'once in a blue moon' (rarely), 'a piece of cake' (very easy), 'to beat around the bush' (avoid the main point).

Synonyms and antonyms: choose based on context; e.g., 'benevolent' = kind (synonym), antonym = cruel; 'obsolete' = outdated, antonym = modern.